1
|
Grimes KM, Prasad V, McNamara JW. Supporting the heart: Functions of the cardiomyocyte's non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:187-196. [PMID: 30978342 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The non-contractile cytoskeleton in cardiomyocytes is comprised of cytoplasmic actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. In addition to providing mechanical support to these cells, these structures are important effectors of tension-sensing and signal transduction and also provide networks for the transport of proteins and organelles. The majority of our knowledge on the function and structure of these cytoskeletal networks comes from research on proliferative cell types. However, in recent years, researchers have begun to show that there are important cardiomyocyte-specific functions of the cytoskeleton. Here we will discuss the current state of cytoskeletal biology in cardiomyocytes, as well as research from other cell types, that together suggest there is a wealth of knowledge on cardiac health and disease waiting to be uncovered through exploration of the complex signaling networks of cardiomyocyte non-sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Fung G, Deng H, Jagdeo J, Mohamud Y, Xue YC, Jan E, Hirota JA, Luo H. NLRP3 deficiency exacerbates enterovirus infection in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:942-952. [PMID: 30080445 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800301rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role for the NOD-like receptor (NLR) P3 inflammasome in enterovirus infection remains controversial. Available data suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is protective against enterovirus A71 but detrimental to the host during coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. CVB3 is a common etiologic agent associated with myocarditis and pancreatitis. Previous findings on the role of NLRP3 in CVB3 were based primarily on indirect evidence. Here, we utilized NLRP3 knockout mice as well as immune and cardiac cells to investigate the direct interplay between CVB3 infection and NLRP3 activation. We demonstrated that NLRP3 knockout mice exhibited more severe disease phenotype after CVB3 infection (significantly higher virus titers), increased myocardial, and pancreatic damage, as well as markedly impaired cardiac function compared to nontransgenic control mice. We further showed that NLRP3 activity was enhanced during early stage of CVB3 infection, as evidenced by increased gene expression and/or secretion of IL-1β and caspase-1. Finally, we demonstrated that CVB3 inactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome by degrading NLRP3 and its upstream serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor-interacting protein 1/3 via the proteolytic activity of virus-encoded proteinases. Taken together, our results reveal the functional significance of NLRP3 in host antiviral immunity against CVB3 infection and the mechanisms by which CVB3 has evolved to counteract the host defense response.-Wang, C., Fung, G., Deng, H., Jagdeo, J., Mohamud, Y., Xue, Y. C., Jan, E., Hirota, J. A., Luo, H. NLRP3 deficiency exacerbates enterovirus infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute of Basic Theory for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gabriel Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Vascular Surgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julienne Jagdeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuan Chao Xue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brody MJ, Feng L, Grimes AC, Hacker TA, Olson TM, Kamp TJ, Balijepalli RC, Lee Y. LRRC10 is required to maintain cardiac function in response to pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H269-78. [PMID: 26608339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00717.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the cardiomyocyte-specific leucine-rich repeat containing protein (LRRC)10 has critical functions in the mammalian heart. In the present study, we tested the role of LRRC10 in the response of the heart to biomechanical stress by performing transverse aortic constriction on Lrrc10-null (Lrrc10(-/-)) mice. Mild pressure overload induced severe cardiac dysfunction and ventricular dilation in Lrrc10(-/-) mice compared with control mice. In addition to dilation and cardiomyopathy, Lrrc10(-/-) mice showed a pronounced increase in heart weight with pressure overload stimulation and a more dramatic loss of cardiac ventricular performance, collectively suggesting that the absence of LRRC10 renders the heart more disease prone with greater hypertrophy and structural remodeling, although rates of cardiac fibrosis and myocyte dropout were not different from control mice. Lrrc10(-/-) cardiomyocytes also exhibited reduced contractility in response to β-adrenergic stimulation, consistent with loss of cardiac ventricular performance after pressure overload. We have previously shown that LRRC10 interacts with actin in the heart. Here, we show that His(150) of LRRC10 was required for an interaction with actin, and this interaction was reduced after pressure overload, suggesting an integral role for LRRC10 in the response of the heart to mechanical stress. Importantly, these experiments demonstrated that LRRC10 is required to maintain cardiac performance in response to pressure overload and suggest that dysregulated expression or mutation of LRRC10 may greatly sensitize human patients to more severe cardiac disease in conditions such as chronic hypertension or aortic stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brody
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Adrian C Grimes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research Laboratory and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jang DG, Sim HJ, Song EK, Medina-Ruiz S, Seo JK, Park TJ. A thioredoxin fold protein Sh3bgr regulates Enah and is necessary for proper sarcomere formation. Dev Biol 2015; 405:1-9. [PMID: 26116879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The sh3bgr (SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich) gene encodes a small protein containing a thioredoxin-like fold, SH3 binding domain, and glutamate-rich domain. Originally, it was suggested that increased expression of Sh3bgr may cause the cardiac phenotypes in Down's syndrome. However, it was recently reported that the overexpression of Sh3bgr did not cause any disease phenotypes in mice. In this study, we have discovered that Sh3bgr is critical for sarcomere formation in striated muscle tissues and also for heart development. Sh3bgr is strongly expressed in the developing somites and heart in Xenopus. Morpholino mediated-knockdown of sh3bgr caused severe malformation of heart tissue and disrupted segmentation of the somites. Further analysis revealed that Sh3bgr specifically localized to the Z-line in mature sarcomeres and that knockdown of Sh3bgr completely disrupted sarcomere formation in the somites. Moreover, overexpression of Sh3bgr resulted in abnormally discontinues thick firmaments in the somitic sarcomeres. We suggest that Sh3bgr does its function at least partly by regulating localization of Enah for the sarcomere formation. In addition, we provide the data supporting Sh3bgr is also necessary for proper heart development in part by affecting the Enah protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Sim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sofia Medina-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stauffer BL, Dockstader K, Russell G, Hijmans J, Walker L, Cecil M, Demos-Davies K, Medway A, McKinsey TA, Sucharov CC. Transgenic over-expression of YY1 induces pathologic cardiac hypertrophy in a sex-specific manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:131-7. [PMID: 25935483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
YY1 can activate or repress transcription of various genes. In cardiac myocytes in culture YY1 has been shown to regulate expression of several genes involved in myocyte pathology. YY1 can also acutely protect the heart against detrimental changes in gene expression. In this study we show that cardiac over-expression of YY1 induces pathologic cardiac hypertrophy in male mice, measured by changes in gene expression and lower ejection fraction/fractional shortening. In contrast, female animals are protected against pathologic gene expression changes and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, we show that YY1 regulates, in a sex-specific manner, the expression of mammalian enable (Mena), a factor that regulates cytoskeletal actin dynamics and whose expression is increased in several models of cardiac pathology, and that Mena expression in humans with heart failure is sex-dependent. Finally, we show that sex differences in YY1 expression are also observed in human heart failure. In summary, this is the first work to show that YY1 has a sex-specific effect in the regulation of cardiac pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Karen Dockstader
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gloria Russell
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Departamento de Medicina, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Jamie Hijmans
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allen Medway
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halievski K, Mo K, Westwood JT, Monks DA. Transcriptional profile of muscle following acute induction of symptoms in a mouse model of Kennedy's disease/spinobulbar muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118120. [PMID: 25719894 PMCID: PMC4341878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kennedy's disease/Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (KD/SBMA) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease affecting males. This disease is caused by polyglutamine expansion mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Although KD/SBMA has been traditionally considered a motor neuron disease, emerging evidence points to a central etiological role of muscle. We previously reported a microarray study of genes differentially expressed in muscle of three genetically unique mouse models of KD/SBMA but were unable to detect those which are androgen-dependent or are associated with onset of symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study we examined the time course and androgen-dependence of transcriptional changes in the HSA-AR transgenic (Tg) mouse model, in which females have a severe phenotype after acute testosterone treatment. Using microarray analysis we identified differentially expressed genes at the onset and peak of muscle weakness in testosterone-treated Tg females. We found both transient and persistent groups of differentially expressed genes and analysis of gene function indicated functional groups such as mitochondrion, ion and nucleotide binding, muscle development, and sarcomere maintenance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE By comparing the current results with those from the three previously reported models we were able to identify KD/SBMA candidate genes that are androgen dependent, and occur early in the disease process, properties which are promising for targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Halievski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiguo Mo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Monks
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ram R, Wescott AP, Varandas K, Dirksen RT, Blaxall BC. Mena associates with Rac1 and modulates connexin 43 remodeling in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H154-9. [PMID: 24186093 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00749.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mena, a member of the Ena/VASP family of actin regulatory proteins, modulates microfilaments and interacts with cytoskeletal proteins associated with heart failure. Mena is localized at the intercalated disc (ICD) of adult cardiac myocytes, colocalizing with numerous cytoskeletal proteins. Mena's role in the maintainence of mechanical myocardial stability at the cardiomyocyte ICD remains unknown. We hypothesized that Mena may modulate signals from the sarcolemma to the actin cytoskeleton at the ICD to regulate the expression and localization of connexin 43 (Cx43). The small GTPase Rac1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganization and mediating morphological and transcriptional changes in cardiomyocytes. We found that Mena is associated with active Rac1 in cardiomyocytes and that RNAi knockdown of Mena increased Rac1 activity significantly. Furthermore, Mena knockdown increased Cx43 expression and altered Cx43 localization and trafficking at the ICD, concomitant with faster intercellular communication, as assessed by dye transfer between cardiomyocyte pairs. In mice overexpressing constitutively active Rac1, left ventricular Mena expression was increased significantly, concomitant with lateral redistribution of Cx43. These results suggest that Mena is a critical regulator of the ICD and is required for normal localization of Cx43 in part via regulation of Rac1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ram
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|