1
|
Kowalski JP, Rettie AE. There and Back Again: A Perspective on 20 Years of CYP4Z1. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:498-507. [PMID: 38604728 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)4Z1, a highly expressed CYP gene in breast cancer, was one of the last CYPs to be identified in the human genome, some 20 years ago. CYP4 enzymes typically catalyze ω-hydroxylation and metabolize ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to bioactive lipid metabolites that can influence tumor growth and metastasis. These attributes of CYP4Z1 make it an attractive target for new chemotherapeutic drug design, as a potential biomarker for selection of patients that might respond favorably to drugs and for developing enzyme inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the advancing biochemistry of CYP4Z1, its role in breast cancer, and the recent synthesis of selective chemical inhibitors of the enzyme. We identify gaps that need to be filled to further advance this field and present new experimental data on recombinant CYP4Z1 expression and purification of the active catalytic form. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In breast cancer, an unmet need is the availability of highly effective therapeutic agents, especially for triple negative breast cancer. The relevance of the work summarized in this mini-review is that it identifies a new potential drug target, CYP4Z1, and discusses ways in which the gene product's catalytic activity might be modulated in order to combat this malignancy and limit its spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Kowalski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia H, Brixius B, Bocianoski C, Ray S, Koes DR, Brixius-Anderko S. Deciphering the Role of Fatty Acid-Metabolizing CYP4F11 in Lung Cancer and Its Potential As a Drug Target. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:69-79. [PMID: 37973374 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. We found that the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP4F11 is significantly overexpressed in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. CYP4F11 is a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase and catalyzes the production of the lipid mediator 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid. 20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer. Inhibition of 20-HETE-generating cytochrome P450 enzymes has been implicated as novel cancer therapy for more than a decade. However, the exact role of CYP4F11 and its potential as drug target for lung cancer therapy has not been established yet. Thus, we performed a transient knockdown of CYP4F11 in the lung cancer cell line NCI-H460. Knockdown of CYP4F11 significantly inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and migration while the 20-HETE production is significantly reduced. For biochemical characterization of CYP4F11-inhibitor interactions, we generated recombinant human CYP4F11. Spectroscopic ligand binding assays were conducted to evaluate CYP4F11 binding to the unselective CYP4A/F inhibitor HET0016. HET0016 shows high affinity to recombinant CYP4F11 and inhibits CYP4F11-mediated 20-HETE production in vitro with a nanomolar IC 50 Cross evaluation of HET0016 in NCI-H460 cells shows that lung cancer cell proliferation is significantly reduced together with 20-HETE production. However, HET0016 also displays antiproliferative effects that are not 20-HETE mediated. Future studies aim to establish the role of CYP4F11 in lung cancer and the underlying mechanism and investigate the potential of CYP4F11 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lung cancer is a deadly cancer with limited treatment options. Cytochrome P450 4F11 (CYP4F11) is significantly upregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Knockdown of CYP4F11 in a lung cancer cell line significantly attenuates cell proliferation and migration with reduced production of the lipid mediator 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Studies with the unselective inhibitor HET0016 show a high inhibitory potency of CYP4F11-mediated 20-HETE production using recombinant enzyme. Overall, our studies demonstrate the potential of targeting CYP4F11 for new transformative lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Bjoern Brixius
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Caleb Bocianoski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - David R Koes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Simone Brixius-Anderko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Li L, Xu L, Yang B, Huang Y, Qiao D, Yue X. Proteomic analysis discovers potential biomarkers of early traumatic axonal injury in the brainstem. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:207-227. [PMID: 37338605 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Application of Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-based LC-MS/MS analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in traumatic axonal injury (TAI) of the brainstem and to predict potential biomarkers and key molecular mechanisms of brainstem TAI. METHODS A modified impact acceleration injury model was used to establish a brainstem TAI model in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the model was evaluated in terms of both functional changes (vital sign measurements) andstructural changes (HE staining, silver-plating staining and β-APP immunohistochemical staining). TMT combined with LC-MS/MS was used to analyse the DEPs in brainstem tissues from TAI and Sham groups. The biological functions of DEPs and potential molecular mechanisms in the hyperacute phase of TAI were analysed by bioinformatics techniques, and candidate biomarkers were validated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry on brainstem tissues from animal models and humans. RESULTS Based on the successful establishment of the brainstem TAI model in rats, TMT-based proteomics identified 65 DEPs, and bioinformatics analysis indicated that the hyperacute phase of TAI involves multiple stages of biological processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, neuronal excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Three DEPs, CBR1, EPHX2 and CYP2U1, were selected as candidate biomarkers and all three proteins were found to be significantly expressed in brainstem tissue 30 min-7 days after TAI in both animal models and humans. CONCLUSION Using TMT combined with LC-MS/MS analysis for proteomic study of early TAI in rat brainstem, we report for the first time that CBR1, EPHX2 and CYP2U1 can be used as biomarkers of early TAI in brainstem by means of western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, compensating for the limitations of silver-plating staining and β-APP immunohistochemical staining, especially in the case of very short survival time after TAI (shorter than 30 min). A number of other proteins that also have a potential marker role are also presented, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets and forensic identification of early TAI in brainstem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyue Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xia Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang K, Ma T, Li Q, Zhou Y, Qin T, Zhong Z, Tang S, Zhang W, Zhong J, Lu S. Genetic Variants of CYP4F2 Associated with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in the Han Population from Southern China. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:599-607. [PMID: 37342180 PMCID: PMC10278860 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s413632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex. Traditional risk factors cannot fully or only partially explain the occurrence and development of IS. Genetic factors are getting more and more attention. Our study aimed to explore the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to IS. Methods A total of 1322 volunteers were enrolled to perform an association analysis through SNPStats online software. Using FPRP (false-positive report probability) to detect whether the result is a noteworthy finding. The interaction of SNP-SNP in IS risk was assessed by multi-factor dimensionality reduction. Statistical analysis of this study was mainly completed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results Mutant allele "A" (OR = 1.24) and genotype "AA" (OR = 1.49) or "GA" (OR = 1.26) of CYP4F2-rs2108622 are risk genetic factors for IS. Rs2108622 is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS among subjects who are females, aging >60 years old, with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, and smoking or drinking volunteers. CYP4F2-rs3093106 and -rs3093105 are associated with susceptibility to IS among smoking, drinking subjects, or IS patients complicated with hypertension. Conclusion CYP4F2-rs2108622, -rs3093106, and -rs3093105 are associated with an increased risk of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou M, Li J, Xu J, Zheng L, Xu S. Exploring human CYP4 enzymes: physiological roles, function in diseases and focus on inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103560. [PMID: 36958639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4 family of enzymes are monooxygenases responsible for the ω-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and eicosanoids and play a crucial part in regulating numerous eicosanoid signaling pathways. Recently, CYP4 gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for several human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. Small-molecule inhibitors of CYP4 could provide promising treatments for these diseases. The aim of the present review is to highlight the advances in the field of CYP4, discussing the physiology and pathology of the CYP4 family and compiling CYP4 inhibitors into groups based on their chemical classes to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4. Teaser: This review provides an updated view of the physiology and pathology of CYP4 enzymes. CYP4 inhibitors are compiled based on their skeletons to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzhen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh RD, Avadhesh A, Sharma G, Dholariya S, Shah RB, Goyal B, Gupta SC. Potential of cytochrome P450, a family of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, in cancer therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 38:853-876. [PMID: 36242099 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Targeted cancer therapy with minimal off-target consequences has shown promise for some cancer types. Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) consists of 18 families, CYP1-4 families play key role in metabolizing xenobiotics and cancer drugs. This eventually affects the process of carcinogenesis, treatment outcome, and cancer drug resistance. Differential overexpression of CYPs in transformed cells, together with phenotypic alterations in tumors, presents a potential for therapeutic intervention. RECENT ADVANCES Recent advances in molecular tools and information technology have helped utilize CYPs as cancer targets. The precise expression in various tumors, X-ray crystal structures, improved understanding of the structure-activity relationship, and new approaches in the development of prodrugs have supported the ongoing efforts to develop CYPs-based drugs with a better therapeutic index. CRITICAL ISSUES Narrow therapeutic index, off-target effects, drug resistance, and tumor heterogeneity limit the benefits of CYP-based conventional cancer therapies. In this review, we address the CYP1-4 families as druggable targets in cancer. An emphasis is given to the CYP expression, function, and the possible mechanisms that drive expression and activity in normal and transformed tissues. The strategies that inhibit or activate CYPs for therapeutic benefits are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Efforts are needed to develop more selective tools that will help comprehend molecular and metabolic alterations in tumor tissues with biological end-points in relation to CYPs. This will eventually translate to developing more specific CYP inhibitors/inducers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragini D Singh
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Biochemistry, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Avadhesh Avadhesh
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Physiology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | | | - Rima B Shah
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Pharmacology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Bela Goyal
- AIIMS Rishikesh, 442339, Biochemistry, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 221005;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watanabe H, Yamaori S, Kamijo S, Aikawa K, Ohmori S. In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Sesamin on CYP4F2 Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:688-692. [PMID: 32238710 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin is a major lignan in sesame seeds, and a recent meta-analysis of controlled trials indicated that sesamin intake decreases blood pressure. The antihypertensive effect of sesamin has been suggested to be due to sesamin-mediated suppression of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production catalyzed by CYP4F2. However, the detailed mechanism underlying inhibition of CYP4F2 function by sesamin remains unclear. In this study, the effects of sesamin on catalytic activity of CYP4F2 were investigated in vitro. Sesamin inhibited luciferin-4F2/3 O-dealkylase activity of recombinant human CYP4F2 with an IC50 value of 0.381 µM. When preincubated in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for 20 min, sesamin potentiated the inhibition of CYP4F2 activity. Moreover, kinetic analysis of the inactivation revealed that sesamin showed a preincubation time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of CYP4F2 activity yielding a maximal inactivation rate constant (kinact) value of 0.354 min-1 and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (KI) value of 1.12 µM. The inactivation of CYP4F2 by sesamin required NADPH. These results indicated that sesamin is a mechanism-based inactivator of human CYP4F2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital.,Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Satoshi Yamaori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital.,Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Shinobu Kamijo
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Kaori Aikawa
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| | - Shigeru Ohmori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital.,Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Geraghty JR, Davis JL, Testai FD. Neuroinflammation and Microvascular Dysfunction After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Emerging Components of Early Brain Injury Related to Outcome. Neurocrit Care 2020; 31:373-389. [PMID: 31012056 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has a high mortality rate and, for those who survive this devastating injury, can lead to lifelong impairment. Clinical trials have demonstrated that cerebral vasospasm of larger extraparenchymal vessels is not the sole contributor to neurological outcome. Recently, the focus of intense investigation has turned to mechanisms of early brain injury that may play a larger role in outcome, including neuroinflammation and microvascular dysfunction. Extravasated blood after aneurysm rupture results in a robust inflammatory response characterized by activation of microglia, upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules, recruitment of peripheral immune cells, as well as impaired neurovascular coupling, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and imbalances in endogenous vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Each of these phenomena is either directly or indirectly associated with neuronal death and brain injury. Here, we review recent studies investigating these various mechanisms in experimental models of subarachnoid hemorrhage with special emphasis on neuroinflammation and its effect on microvascular dysfunction. We discuss the various therapeutic targets that have risen from these mechanistic studies and suggest the utility of a multi-targeted approach to preventing delayed injury and improving outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St. Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joseph L Davis
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St. Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St. Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shu S, Zhang Z, Spicer D, Kulikowicz E, Hu K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Kannan S, Koehler RC, Robertson CL. Administration of a 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Improves Outcome in a Rat Model of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:166-176. [PMID: 31553983 DOI: 10.1159/000500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid pathway metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Inhibition of 20-HETE formation can protect the developing brain from global ischemia. Here, we examined whether treatment with the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N-4-butyl-2-methylphenylformamidine (HET0016) can protect the immature brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male rats at postnatal day 9-10 underwent controlled cortical impact followed by intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or HET0016 (1 mg/kg, 5 min and 3 h post-injury). HET0016 decreased the lesion volume by over 50% at 3 days of recovery, and this effect persisted at 30 days as the brain matured. HET0016 decreased peri-lesion gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) at 1 day and increased reparative cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) expression at 3 days. It also partially preserved microglial ramified processes, consistent with less activation. HET0016 decreased contralateral hindlimb foot faults and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association with an attenuated neuroinflammatory response after contusion of an immature rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn Spicer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Savalan Babapoor-Farrokhran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ryu JS, Lee M, Mun SJ, Hong SH, Lee HJ, Ahn HS, Chung KS, Kim GH, Son MJ. Targeting CYP4A attenuates hepatic steatosis in a novel multicellular organotypic liver model. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31406506 PMCID: PMC6686528 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins as simple hepatic steatosis, but further progress to chronic liver diseases results in severe liver damage and hepatic failure. However, therapeutic options are scarce due to the lack of reliable human in vitro liver models for understanding disease progression mechanisms and developing therapies. Results We describe here a novel method for generating 3D hepatic spheroids using HepaRG cells, vascular endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a thick layer of soft matrix in a narrow conical tube; this method improved self-organization efficiency and functional competence. We further developed a 3D hepatic steatosis model with excess glucose and palmitate, accurately recapitulating steatosis phenotypes such as neutral lipid accumulation, enhanced expression of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis markers, increased intracellular triglyceride content, and reduced glucose uptake. The expression and activity of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A), a hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis enzyme, that is highly expressed in liver tissues from NAFLD patients, was induced in our in vitro steatosis model, and inhibiting CYP4A with the selective inhibitor HET0016 or a specific siRNA ameliorated steatosis-related pathology through reduced ER stress and improved insulin signaling. Conclusions We provide here a novel 3D human cell-based hepatic model that can be easily generated and reliably simulate hepatic steatosis pathology. We have experimentally validated its potential for target validation and drug evaluation by focusing on CYP4A, which may serve as a translational platform for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Ryu
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyoung Hong
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,5Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,6Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Glutamate affects the CYP1B1- and CYP2U1-mediated hydroxylation of arachidonic acid metabolism via astrocytic mGlu5 receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Discovery of rubiarbonone C as a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 4F enzymes. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3325-3336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Neuroprotective effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Miller TM, Poloyac SM, Anderson KB, Waddell BL, Messamore E, Yao JK. A rapid UPLC-MS/MS assay for eicosanoids in human plasma: Application to evaluate niacin responsivity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:153-159. [PMID: 28111064 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), dihydroxyeicosatrienoic (DiHETrE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and prostaglandin metabolites of arachidonic acid in human plasma. Sample preparation consisted of solid phase extraction with Oasis HLB (30mg) cartridges for all metabolites. Separation of HETEs, EETs, and DiHETrEs was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 1.7µm (100×2.1mm) reversed-phase column (Waters Corp, Millford, MA) with negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. A second injection of the same extracted sample allowed for separation and assessment of prostaglandin metabolites under optimized UPLC-MS/MS conditions. Additionally, the endogenous levels of these metabolites in five different matrices were determined in order to select the optimal matrix for assay development. Human serum albumin was shown to have the least amount of endogenous metabolites, a recovery efficiency of 79-100% and a matrix effect of 71 - 100%. Linear calibration curves ranging from 0.416 to 66.67ng/ml were validated. Inter-assay and intra-assay variance was less than 15% at most concentrations. This method was successfully applied to quantify metabolite levels in plasma samples of healthy control subjects receiving niacin administration to evaluate the association between niacin administration and eicosanoid plasma level response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia M Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Samuel M Poloyac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Kacey B Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Brooke L Waddell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Erik Messamore
- Department of Psychiatry, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States; Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu K, Zhang T, Li X. Genetic role of CYP4A11 polymorphisms in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:370-381. [PMID: 30132788 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are interested in comprehensively evaluating the potential genetic influence of rs9332978 A/G, rs1126742 T/C, and rs9333025 G/A polymorphisms of CYP4A11 (cytochrome P450 family 4, subfamily A, member 11) in the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out using articles obtained from online databases and Stata/SE 12.0 software. We primarily used a P value of association test (Passociation ) and odds ratios (OR) to assess the genetic relationships. RESULTS We included 22 eligible case-control articles for our meta-analysis. For the overall meta-analysis of the rs9332978 A/G polymorphism, there was an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in cases under the models of allele G vs. A (Passociation = 0.001, OR = 1.16), AG vs. AA (Passociation < 0.001, OR = 1.22), and AG+GG vs. AA (Passociation < 0.001, OR = 1.22) compared with the controls. There were similar results in the subgroup analysis of "hypertension" (Passociation = 0.024 for the allele model; Passociation = 0.003 for the heterozygote model; and Passociation = 0.005 for the dominant model). For rs1126742, there was a significant difference between cases and controls in the overall meta-analysis and subgroup of "Caucasian," "hypertension," and "population-based (PB)" under all of the genetic models (all Passociation < 0.05, OR > 1). Furthermore, a decreased risk was detected in the overall and "PB" subgroup meta-analysis of rs9333025 under the models of A vs. G, AA vs. GG, and AA vs. GG+GA (all Passociation < 0.05, OR < 1). CONCLUSION The rs1126742 T/C polymorphism of CYP4A11 is more likely to be a genetic risk factor for the hypertension cases in the Caucasian population. Moreover, whereas the AG genotype of CYP4A11 rs9332978 may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, the AA genotype of rs9333025 may be linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiying Yu
- First Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- First Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Li
- China Medical University Hospital of Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yamaori S, Araki N, Shionoiri M, Ikehata K, Kamijo S, Ohmori S, Watanabe K. A Specific Probe Substrate for Evaluation of CYP4A11 Activity in Human Tissue Microsomes and a Highly Selective CYP4A11 Inhibitor: Luciferin-4A and Epalrestat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:446-457. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
18
|
Liu X, Davis CM, Alkayed NJ. P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:987-1007. [PMID: 28298143 PMCID: PMC5849284 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cytochrome P450 4A11 inhibition assays based on characterization of lauric acid metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:205-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
Lidington D, Kroetsch JT, Bolz SS. Cerebral artery myogenic reactivity: The next frontier in developing effective interventions for subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:17-37. [PMID: 29135346 PMCID: PMC5757446 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17742548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebral event that kills or debilitates the majority of those afflicted. The blood that spills into the subarachnoid space stimulates profound cerebral artery vasoconstriction and consequently, cerebral ischemia. Thus, once the initial bleeding in SAH is appropriately managed, the clinical focus shifts to maintaining/improving cerebral perfusion. However, current therapeutic interventions largely fail to improve clinical outcome, because they do not effectively restore normal cerebral artery function. This review discusses emerging evidence that perturbed cerebrovascular "myogenic reactivity," a crucial microvascular process that potently dictates cerebral perfusion, is the critical element underlying cerebral ischemia in SAH. In fact, the myogenic mechanism could be the reason why many therapeutic interventions, including "Triple H" therapy, fail to deliver benefit to patients. Understanding the molecular basis for myogenic reactivity changes in SAH holds the key to develop more effective therapeutic interventions; indeed, promising recent advancements fuel optimism that vascular dysfunction in SAH can be corrected to improve outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Lidington
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3 Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jamieson KL, Endo T, Darwesh AM, Samokhvalov V, Seubert JM. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids and heart function. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:47-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids play important roles in brain function and disease through their complementary actions on cell-cell communications within the neurovascular unit (NVU) and mechanisms of brain injury. Epoxy- and hydroxyeicosanoids, respectively formed by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases, play opposing roles in cerebrovascular function and in pathological processes underlying neural injury, including ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative injury. P450 eicosanoids also contribute to cerebrovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes. We summarize studies investigating the roles P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular physiology and disease to highlight the existing balance between these important lipid signaling molecules, as well as their roles in maintaining neurovascular homeostasis and in acute and chronic neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lauritzen M, Strong AJ. 'Spreading depression of Leão' and its emerging relevance to acute brain injury in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1553-1570. [PMID: 27354095 PMCID: PMC5435290 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16657092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new research field in translational neuroscience has opened as a result of the recognition since 2002 that "spreading depression of Leão" can be detected in many patients with acute brain injury, whether vascular and spontaneous, or traumatic in origin, as well as in those many individuals experiencing the visual (or sensorimotor) aura of migraine. In this review, we trace from their first description in rabbits through to their detection and study in migraine and the injured human brain, and from our personal perspectives, the evolution of understanding of the importance of spread of mass depolarisations in cerebral grey matter. Detection of spontaneous depolarisations occurring and spreading in the periphery or penumbra of experimental focal cortical ischemic lesions and of their adverse effects on the cerebral cortical microcirculation and on the tissue glucose and oxygen pools has led to clearer concepts of how ischaemic and traumatic lesions evolve in the injured human brain, and of how to seek to improve clinical management and outcome. Recognition of the likely fundamental significance of spreading depolarisations for this wide range of serious acute encephalopathies in humans provides a powerful case for a fresh examination of neuroprotection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lauritzen
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anthony J Strong
- 3 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Liang Q, Tang X, Tan H, Xiao C, Gao Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Triggered H9C2 Cell Apoptosis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:202-212. [PMID: 27829271 PMCID: PMC5340546 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity associated with DOX significantly limits its clinical application. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 could prevent DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). H9C2 cells were treated with various concentrations (− μM) of Rb1. AhR, CYP1A protein and mRNA expression were quantified with Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We also evaluated the expression levels of caspase-3 to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of Rb1. Our results showed that Rb1 attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not caspase-9 activity in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with Rb1 decreased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in the protein levels, with no effects on cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in DOX-stimulated cells. Rb1 markedly decreased the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression induced by DOX. Furthermore, transfection with AhR siRNA or pre-treatment with AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly inhibited the ability of Rb1 to decrease the induction of CYP1A, as well as caspase-3 protein levels following stimulation with DOX. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AhR plays an important role in the protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against DOX-triggered apoptosis of H9C2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiande Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cseplo P, Vamos Z, Torok O, Ivic I, Toth A, Buki A, Koller A. Hemolyzed Blood Elicits a Calcium Antagonist and High CO 2 Reversible Constriction via Elevation of [Ca 2+] i in Isolated Cerebral Arteries. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:529-534. [PMID: 27018759 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood is hemolyzed, which is followed by a significant cerebrovascular spasm resulting in a serious clinical condition. Interestingly, however, the direct vasomotor effect of perivascular hemolyzed blood (HB) has not yet been characterized, preventing the assessment of contribution of vasoconstrictor mechanisms deriving from brain tissue and/or blood and development of possible treatments. We hypothesized that perivascular HB reduces the diameter of the cerebral arteries (i.e., basilar artery [BA]; middle cerebral artery [MCA]) by elevating vascular tissue [Ca2+]i level. Vasomotor responses were measured by videomicroscopy and intracellular Ca2+ by the Fura2-AM ratiometric method. Adding HB to the vessel chamber reduced the diameter significantly (BA: from 264 ± 7 to 164 ± 11 μm; MCA: from 185 ± 15 to 155 ± 14 μm), which was reversed to control level by wash-out of HB. Potassium chloride (KCl), HB, serum, hemolyzed red blood cell (RBC), plasma, and platelet suspension (PLTs) elicited significant constrictions of isolated basilar arteries. There was a significant increase in K+ concentration in hemolyzed HB (7.02 ± 0.22 mmol/L) compared to Krebs' solution (6.20 ± 0.01 mmol/L). Before HB, acetylcholine (ACh), sodium-nitroprussid (SNP), nifedipin, and CO2 elicited substantial dilations in cerebral arteries. In contrast, in the presence of HB dilations to ACh, SNP decreased, but not to nifedipine and CO2. After washout of HB, nitric oxide-mediated dilations remained significantly reduced compared to control. HB significantly increased the ratiometric Ca signal, which returned to control level after washout. In conclusion, perivascular hemolyzed blood elicits significant-nifedipine and high CO2 reversible-constrictions of isolated BAs and MCAs, primarily by increasing intracellular Ca2+, findings that can contribute to the refinement of local treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cseplo
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,2 Department of Central Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Petz Aladar County Teaching Hospital , Gyor, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Vamos
- 3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Torok
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ivic
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Toth
- 4 Institute of Cardiology, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,7 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,5 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,8 Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary .,9 Department of Physiology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fan F, Ge Y, Lv W, Elliott MR, Muroya Y, Hirata T, Booz GW, Roman RJ. Molecular mechanisms and cell signaling of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in vascular pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1427-63. [PMID: 27100515 DOI: 10.2741/4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s enzymes catalyze the metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (HETEs). 20-HETE is a vasoconstrictor that depolarizes vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking K+ channels. EETs serve as endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors. Inhibition of the formation of 20-HETE impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow. Changes in the formation of EETs and 20-HETE have been reported in hypertension and drugs that target these pathways alter blood pressure in animal models. Sequence variants in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 that produce 20-HETE, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase involved in the biotransformation of 20-HETE and soluble epoxide hydrolase that inactivates EETs are associated with hypertension in human studies. 20-HETE contributes to the regulation of vascular hypertrophy, restenosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It also promotes endothelial dysfunction and contributes to cerebral vasospasm and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, kidney and heart. This review will focus on the role of 20-HETE in vascular dysfunction, inflammation, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and cardiac and renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Matthew R Elliott
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gebremedhin D, Zhang DX, Carver KA, Rau N, Rarick KR, Roman RJ, Harder DR. Expression of CYP 4A ω-hydroxylase and formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acid (20-HETE) in cultured rat brain astrocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 124:16-26. [PMID: 27174801 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes secrete vasodilator and vasoconstrictor factors via end feet processes, altering blood flow to meet neuronal metabolic demand. Compared to what is known about the ability of astrocytes to release factors that dilate local cerebral vasculature, very little is known regarding the source and identity of astrocyte derived constricting factors. The present study investigated if astrocytes express CYP 4A ω-hydroxylase and metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to 20-hydroxyeicotetraenoic acid (20-HETE) that regulates KCa channel activity in astrocytes and cerebral arterial myocyte contractility. Here we report that cultured astrocytes express CYP 4A2/3 ω-hydroxylase mRNA and CYP 4A protein and produce 20-HETE and the CYP epoxygenase metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) when incubated with AA. The production of 20-HETE and EETs was enhanced following stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) on the astrocytes. Exogenous application of 20-HETE attenuated, whereas inhibition of 20-HETE production with HET-0016 increased the open state probabilities (NPo) of 71pS and 161pS KCa single-channel currents recorded from astrocytes. Exposure of isolated cerebral arterial myocytes to conditioned media from cultured astrocytes caused shortening of the length of freshly isolated cerebral arterial myocytes that was not evident following inhibition of astrocyte 20-HETE synthesis and action. These findings suggest that astrocytes not only release vasodilator EETs in response to mGluR stimulation but also synthetize and release the cerebral arterial myocyte constrictor 20-HETE that also functions as an endogenous inhibitor of the activity of two types of KCa channel currents found in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debebe Gebremedhin
- Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - David X Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Koryn A Carver
- Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Nicole Rau
- Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Kevin R Rarick
- Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - David R Harder
- Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Clement Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang H, Al-Shabrawey M, Wang MH. Cyclooxygenase- and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:45-53. [PMID: 26747234 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into eicosanoids, which are involved in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Evidence has demonstrated the important functions of these eicosanoids in regulating cerebral vascular tone, cerebral blood flow, and autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Although COX-2 inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for stroke, adverse events, including an increased risk of stroke, occur following long-term use of coxibs. It is important to note that prolonged treatment with rofecoxib increased circulating levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), and 20-HETE blockade is a possible strategy to prevent coxib-induced stroke events. It appears that 20-HETE has detrimental effects in the brain, and that its blockade exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There is clear evidence that activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke. Several elegant studies have contributed to defining the importance of stabilizing the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by inhibiting or deleting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in stroke research. These reports support the notion that sEH blockade is cerebroprotective against ischemic stroke and SAH. Here, we summarize recent findings implicating these eicosanoid pathways in cerebral vascular function and stroke. We also discuss the development of animal models with targeted gene deletion and specific enzymatic inhibitors in each pathway to identify potential targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke and SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ayata C, Lauritzen M. Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:953-93. [PMID: 26133935 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as action potentials and synaptic transmission. Seventy years after its discovery by Leão, the mechanisms of SD and its profound metabolic and hemodynamic effects are still debated. What we did learn of consequence, however, is that SD plays a central role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including migraine, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. An intriguing overlap among them is that they are all neurovascular disorders. Therefore, the interplay between neurons and vascular elements is critical for our understanding of the impact of this homeostatic breakdown in patients. The challenges of translating experimental data into human pathophysiology notwithstanding, this review provides a detailed account of bidirectional interactions between brain parenchyma and the cerebral vasculature during SD and puts this in the context of neurovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, and Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Johnson AL, Edson KZ, Totah RA, Rettie AE. Cytochrome P450 ω-Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:223-62. [PMID: 26233909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent ω-hydroxylation is a prototypic metabolic reaction of CYP4 family members that is important for the elimination and bioactivation of not only therapeutic drugs, but also endogenous compounds, principally fatty acids. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, are key substrates in the latter category. Human CYP4 enzymes, mainly CYP4A11, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3B, hydroxylate arachidonic acid at the omega position to form 20-HETE, which has important effects in tumor progression and on angiogenesis and blood pressure regulation in the vasculature and kidney. CYP4F3A in myeloid tissue catalyzes the ω-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 to 20-hydroxy leukotriene B4, an inactivation process that is critical for the regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we review the enzymology, tissue distribution, and substrate selectivity of human CYP4 ω-hydroxylases and their roles as catalysts for the formation and termination of the biological effects of key eicosanoid metabolites in inflammation and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu J, Wang B, Lee JH, Armstrong JS, Kulikowicz E, Bhalala US, Martin LJ, Koehler RC, Yang ZJ. Additive Neuroprotection of a 20-HETE Inhibitor with Delayed Therapeutic Hypothermia after Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Piglets. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:376-89. [PMID: 25721266 DOI: 10.1159/000369007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and the delay in initiating therapeutic hypothermia limit the efficacy of hypothermia. After hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal piglets, the arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been found to contribute to oxidative stress at 3 h of reoxygenation and to eventual neurodegeneration. We tested whether early administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor after reoxygenation augments neuroprotection with 3-hour delayed hypothermia. In two hypothermic groups, whole body cooling from 38.5 to 34°C was initiated 3 h after hypoxia-ischemia. Rewarming occurred from 20 to 24 h; then anesthesia was discontinued. One hypothermic group received a 20-HETE inhibitor at 5 min after reoxygenation. A sham-operated group and another hypoxia-ischemia group remained normothermic. At 10 days of recovery, resuscitated piglets with delayed hypothermia alone had significantly greater viable neuronal density in the putamen, caudate nucleus, sensorimotor cortex, CA3 hippocampus, and thalamus than did piglets with normothermic recovery, but the values remained less than those in the sham-operated group. In piglets administered the 20-HETE inhibitor before hypothermia, the density of viable neurons in the putamen, cortex and thalamus was significantly greater than in the group with hypothermia alone. Cytochrome P450 4A, which can synthesize 20-HETE, was expressed in piglet neurons in these regions. We conclude that early treatment with a 20-HETE inhibitor enhances the therapeutic benefit of delayed hypothermia in protecting neurons in brain regions known to be particularly vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia in term newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH. Hyperbaric oxygen for cerebral vasospasm and brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 2:316-27. [PMID: 23060945 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of acute brain injury and delayed neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm (CVS) are major determinants of outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) had been used to treat patients with SAH, the supporting evidence and underlying mechanisms have not been systematically reviewed. In the present paper, the overview of studies of HBO for cerebral vasospasm is followed by a discussion of HBO molecular mechanisms involved in the protection against SAH-induced brain injury and even, as hypothesized, in attenuating vascular spasm alone. Faced with the paucity of information as to what degree HBO is capable of antagonizing vasospasm after SAH, the authors postulate that the major beneficial effects of HBO in SAH include a reduction of acute brain injury and combating brain damage caused by CVS. Consequently, authors reviewed the effects of HBO on SAH-induced hypoxic signaling and other mechanisms of neurovascular injury. Moreover, authors hypothesize that HBO administered after SAH may "precondition" the brain against the detrimental sequelae of vasospasm. In conclusion, the existing evidence speaks in favor of administering HBO in both acute and delayed phase after SAH; however, further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to establish the optimal regimen of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Friedrich V, Bederson JB, Sehba FA. Gender influences the initial impact of subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental investigation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80101. [PMID: 24250830 PMCID: PMC3826711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high early patient mortality. More women than men suffer from SAH and the average age of female SAH survivors is greater than that of male survivors; however, the overall mortality and neurological outcomes are not better in males despite their younger age. This pattern suggests the possibility of gender differences in the severity of initial impact and/or in subsequent pathophysiology. We explored gender differences in survival and pathophysiology following subarachnoid hemorrhage induced in age-matched male and female rats by endovascular puncture. Intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood pressure (BP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded at and after induction of SAH. Animals were sacrificed 3 hours after lesion and studied for subarachnoid hematoma size, vascular pathology (collagen and endothelium immunostaining), inflammation (platelet and neutrophil immunostaining), and cell death (TUNEL assay). In a second cohort, 24-hour survival was determined. Subarachnoid hematoma, post-hemorrhage ICP peak, BP elevation, reduction in CPP, intraluminal platelet aggregation and neutrophil accumulation, loss of vascular collagen, and neuronal and non-neuronal cell death were greater in male than in female rats. Hematoma size did not correlate with the number of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregates or neutrophil. The ICP peak correlated with hematoma size and with number of apoptotic cells but not with platelet aggregates and neutrophil number. This suggests that the intensity of ICP rise at SAH influences the severity of apoptosis but not of inflammation. Mortality was markedly greater in males than females. Our data demonstrate that in rats gender influences the initial impact of SAH causing greater bleed and early injury in males as compared to females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Friedrich
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Bederson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fatima A. Sehba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Acute effects of red wine on cytochrome P450 eicosanoids and blood pressure in men. J Hypertens 2013; 31:2195-202; discussion 2202. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328364a27f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
35
|
Roman RJ, Renic M, Dunn KMJ, Takeuchi K, Hacein-Bey L. Evidence that 20-HETE contributes to the development of acute and delayed cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 2013; 28:738-49. [PMID: 17164037 DOI: 10.1179/016164106x152016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) enzymes in cerebral arteries to produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and that this compound has effects on cerebral vascular tone that mimic those seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this regard, 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of cerebral arteries that decreases the open state probability of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels through activation of protein kinase C (PKC). It increases the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+) by activating PKC and rho kinase. The formation of 20-HETE is stimulated by angiotensin II (AII), endothelin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and serotonin, and inhibited by NO, CO and superoxide radicals. Inhibitors of the formation of 20-HETE block the myogenic response of cerebral arterioles to elevations in transmural pressure in vitro and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo. 20-HETE also plays an important role in modulating the cerebral vascular responses to vasodilators (NO and CO) and vasoconstrictors (AII, endothelin, serotonin). Recent studies have indicated that the levels of 20-HETE in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increase in rats, dogs and human patients following SAH and that inhibitors of the synthesis of 20-HETE prevent the acute fall in CBF in rats and reverse delayed vasospasm in both dogs and rats. This review examines the evidence that an elevation in the production of 20-HETE contributes to the initial fall in CBF following SAH and the later development of delayed vasospasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Roman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Increased 20-HETE synthesis explains reduced cerebral blood flow but not impaired neurovascular coupling after cortical spreading depression in rat cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 2013; 33:2562-70. [PMID: 23392684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2308-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is associated with release of arachidonic acid, impaired neurovascular coupling, and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), caused by cortical vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that the released arachidonic acid is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme to produce the vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), and that this mechanism explains cortical vasoconstriction and vascular dysfunction after CSD. CSD was induced in the frontal cortex of rats and the cortical electrical activity and local field potentials recorded by glass microelectrodes, CBF by laser Doppler flowmetry, and tissue oxygen tension (tpO(2)) using polarographic microelectrodes. 20-HETE synthesis was measured in parallel experiments in cortical brain slices exposed to CSD. We used the specific inhibitor HET0016 (N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine) to block 20-HETE synthesis. CSD increased 20-HETE synthesis in brain slices for 120 min, and the time course of the increase in 20-HETE paralleled the reduction in CBF after CSD in vivo. HET0016 blocked the CSD-induced increase in 20-HETE synthesis and ameliorated the persistent reduction in CBF, but not the impaired neurovascular coupling after CSD. These findings suggest that CSD-induced increments in 20-HETE cause the reduction in CBF after CSD and that the attenuation of stimulation-induced CBF responses after CSD has a different mechanism. We suggest that blockade of 20-HETE synthesis may be clinically relevant to ameliorate reduced CBF in patients with migraine and acute brain cortex injuries.
Collapse
|
37
|
Edson KZ, Rettie AE. CYP4 enzymes as potential drug targets: focus on enzyme multiplicity, inducers and inhibitors, and therapeutic modulation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthase and fatty acid ω-hydroxylase activities. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 13:1429-40. [PMID: 23688133 PMCID: PMC4245146 DOI: 10.2174/15680266113139990110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cytochrome P450 4 (CYP4) family of enzymes in humans is comprised of thirteen isozymes that typically catalyze the ω-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and eicosanoids. Several CYP4 enzymes can biosynthesize 20- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, or 20-HETE, an important signaling eicosanoid involved in regulation of vascular tone and kidney reabsorption. Additionally, accumulation of certain fatty acids is a hallmark of the rare genetic disorders, Refsum disease and X-ALD. Therefore, modulation of CYP4 enzyme activity, either by inhibition or induction, is a potential strategy for drug discovery. Here we review the substrate specificities, sites of expression, genetic regulation, and inhibition by exogenous chemicals of the human CYP4 enzymes, and discuss the targeting of CYP4 enzymes in the development of new treatments for hypertension, stroke, certain cancers and the fatty acid-linked orphan diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne Z. Edson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Allan E. Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, Phone: 206-685-0615, Fax: 206-685-3252
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
How Large Is the Typical Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? A Review of Current Neurosurgical Knowledge. World Neurosurg 2012; 77:686-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2011.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
39
|
Singh TU, Choudhury S, Parida S, Maruti BS, Mishra SK. Arachidonic acid inhibits Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase via cytochrome P-450, lipoxygenase and protein kinase C-dependent pathways in sheep pulmonary artery. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 56:84-90. [PMID: 22155164 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine whether arachidonic acid inhibits vascular Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in pulmonary vasculature and if so, what are the mechanisms involved. Functional Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was studied in terms of K(+)-induced relaxation in sheep pulmonary arterial rings contracted with K(+)-free solution and 5-HT. Arachidonic acid (10-100 μM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of KCl-induced relaxations and also increased basal arterial tone. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) completely reversed the arachidonic acid (30 μM)-induced inhibition of KCl relaxation. Further, in the presence of HET0016, a selective blocker of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), arachidonic acid-induced inhibition of KCl relaxation was not evident. Accordingly, 20-HETE, a cytochrome P-450 metabolite of arachidonic acid, also significantly attenuated KCl-induced relaxations. Norhydihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, however, partially restored the relaxation to K(+), impaired in the presence of arachidonic acid (30 μM). On the other hand, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on KCl-induced relaxation. Staurosporin, a protein kinase C inhibitor, completely reversed the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid and 20-HETE on K(+)-induced relaxation. In conclusion, the results suggest that 20-HETE, a cytochrome P-450 metabolite of arachidonic acid has a predominant role in the inhibition of functional Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the sheep pulmonary artery, while the lipooxygenase pathway has a secondary role. It is also evident that protein kinase C is involved in the inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase by arachidonic acid/20-HETE in sheep pulmonary artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bao Y, Wang X, Li W, Huo D, Shen X, Han Y, Tan J, Zeng Q, Sun C. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial-dependent pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 57:625-9. [PMID: 21266918 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182073c78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a [omega]-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by cytochrome P450 4A, may play a role in the cardiovascular system. It is well known that cytochrome P450 [omega]-hydroxylase inhibitors markedly reduced the cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the direct effect of 20-HETE on cardiomyocytes is still poorly investigated. Here, we studied the effect of 20-HETE on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the apoptosis-associated signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated annexin V/propidium iodide double staining cytometry, indicating that the percentage of early apoptotic cells increased from 15.6% +/- 2.6% to 25.5% +/- 2.5% in control and 20-HETE-treated cells, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) was measured by detecting the ratio of JC-1 green/red emission intensity. A significant decrease in the ratio was observed after treatment with 20-HETE for 24 hours in comparison with control group, suggesting the disruptive effect of 20-HETE on mitochondrial [DELTA][PSI]m. In addition, 20-HETE stimulated caspase-3 activity and Bax mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, the Bcl-2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 20-HETE treatment. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 20-HETE induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activation of several intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The 20-HETE-induced apoptosis could contribute to the cytochrome P450 [omega]-hydroxylase-dependent cardiac injure during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Bao
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Crago EA, Thampatty BP, Sherwood PR, Kuo CWJ, Bender C, Balzer J, Horowitz M, Poloyac SM. Cerebrospinal fluid 20-HETE is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2011; 42:1872-7. [PMID: 21617146 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.605816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); it is manifested by changes in cerebral blood flow accompanied by neurological decline, and it results in long-term functional and neuropsychological impairment. Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that the arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), affects cerebral microvascular tone and cerebral blood flow after aSAH. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid 20-HETE levels were associated with DCI and long-term neuropsychological outcomes in aSAH patients. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected twice daily through 14 days after hemorrhage on 108 acute, adult, aSAH patients. Samples were analyzed for 20-HETE via HPLC MSQ single quadrupole mass spectrometry. DCI was defined as the presence of impaired cerebral blood flow (angiographic vasospasm, elevated transcranial Dopplers, abnormal computed tomography or magnetic resonance perfusion scans) accompanied by neurological deterioration. Outcomes, including death and neuropsychological testing, were completed at 3 months after hemorrhage. RESULTS Detectable 20-HETE levels were observed in 31% of patient samples and were associated with severity of hemorrhage (Hunt & Hess [HH], P=0.04; Fisher, P=0.05). Detection of 20-HETE was not associated with angiographic vasospasm (P=0.34); however, detectable 20-HETE was significantly associated with DCI (P=0.016). Our data also suggest that detectable 20-HETE was associated with decreased performance in 5 neuropsychological domains. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first clinical evidence that cerebrospinal fluid 20-HETE concentrations are associated with DCI and poor outcomes, and this provides impetus for future studies to elucidate the clinical utility of inhibiting 20-HETE formation as a novel therapeutic intervention in patients with aSAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Crago
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 807 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yamaura Y, Yoshinari K, Yamazoe Y. Predicting Oxidation Sites with Order of Occurrence among Multiple Sites for CYP4A-mediated Reactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 26:351-63. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Metabolic profiling of murine plasma reveals an unexpected biomarker in rofecoxib-mediated cardiovascular events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17017-22. [PMID: 20837537 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011278107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic administration of high levels of selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs), particularly rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and parecoxib, increases risk for cardiovascular disease. Understanding the possibly multiple mechanisms underlying these adverse cardiovascular events is critical for evaluating the risks and benefits of coxibs and for development of safer coxibs. The current understanding of these mechanisms is likely incomplete. Using a metabolomics approach, we demonstrate that oral administration of rofecoxib for 3 mo results in a greater than 120-fold higher blood level of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which correlates with a significantly shorter tail bleeding time in a murine model. We tested the hypothesis that this dramatic increase in 20-HETE is attributable to inhibition of its metabolism and that the shortened bleeding time following rofecoxib administration is attributable, in part, to this increase. The s.c. infusion of 20-HETE shortened the tail bleeding time dramatically. Neither 20-HETE biosynthesis nor cytochrome P4A-like immune reactivity was increased by rofecoxib administration, but 20-HETE production increased in vitro with the addition of coxib. 20-HETE is significantly more potent than its COX-mediated metabolites in shortening clotting time in vitro. Furthermore, 20-HETE but not rofecoxib significantly increases rat platelet aggregation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest 20-HETE as a marker of rofecoxib exposure and that inhibition of 20-HETE's degradation by rofecoxib is a partial explanation for its dramatic increase, the shortened bleeding time, and, possibly, the adverse cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib.
Collapse
|
44
|
Association of common variants of CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 with stroke in the Han Chinese population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2010; 20:187-94. [PMID: 20130494 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328336eefe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid has been shown to play an important role in cerebral vascular function. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in genes encoding 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesizing enzymes might confer susceptibility to stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis, haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and potential functional polymorphisms of CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 genes were genotyped in 558 ischemic stroke patients, 221 hemorrhagic stroke patients and 557 controls. The association analyses were performed at both single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype levels. We further verified our findings in an independent cohort of 551 ischemic stroke cases and 48 hemorrhagic stroke cases and 694 unaffected controls. We identified CYP4A11 C-296T and CYP4F2 V433M were associated with significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke (CT+TT vs. CC, adjusted odds ratio: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.93, Pcombined=0.001, Pcorr=0.008; V/M+M/M vs. V/V, odds ratio: 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-1.65, Pcombined=5.6x10, Pcorr=0.005, respectively). Interestingly, the effects of CYP4F2 V433M on ischemic stroke in our study was only evident in male individuals. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that genetic variation in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 alters susceptibility to stroke in the Han Chinese population.
Collapse
|
45
|
Miller TM, Donnelly MK, Crago EA, Roman DM, Sherwood PR, Horowitz MB, Poloyac SM. Rapid, simultaneous quantitation of mono and dioxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid in human CSF and rat brain. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3991-4000. [PMID: 19892608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are few biomarkers to predict the risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SV) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Mono and dioxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites, involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, may serve as indicators of SV. This study developed a quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method to simultaneously measure hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DiHETrE), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites of arachidonic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of SAH patients. Additionally, we determined the recovery of these metabolites from polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags used for CSF collection. Linear calibration curves ranging from 0.208 to 33.3 ng/ml were validated. The inter-day and intra-day variance was less than 15% at most concentrations with extraction efficiency greater than 73%. The matrix did not affect the reproducibility and reliability of the assay. In CSF samples, peak concentrations of 8,9-DiHETrE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, and 12-HETE ranged from 0.293 to 24.9 ng/ml. In rat brain cortical tissue samples, concentrations of 20-, 15-, 12-HETE, 8,9-EET, and 14,15-, 11,12-DiHETrE ranged from 0.57 to 23.99 pmol/g wet tissue. In rat cortical microsomal incubates, all 10 metabolites were measured with formation rates ranging from 0.03 to 7.77 pmol/mg/min. Furthermore, 12-HETE and EET metabolites were significantly altered by contact with PVC bags at all time points evaluated. These data demonstrate that the simultaneous measurement of these compounds in human CSF and rat brain can be achieved with a UPLC-MS/MS system and that this method is necessary for evaluation of these metabolites as potential quantitative biomarkers in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia M Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu JHY, Hodgson JM, Clarke MW, Indrawan AP, Barden AE, Puddey IB, Croft KD. Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis using specific plant lignans: in vitro and human studies. Hypertension 2009; 54:1151-8. [PMID: 19786646 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.139352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin, the major lignan found in sesame, has been shown to increase vitamin E levels by inhibiting its metabolism via the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP4F2. CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 are the predominant human isoforms that synthesize 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid. Considerable evidence suggests that 20-HETE may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We hypothesized that sesamin could be an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis. This study investigated the effects of sesamin on 20-HETE synthesis in vitro and the effect of sesame supplementation on plasma and urinary 20-HETE concentrations in humans. Human microsomes were used to investigate the potency and selectivity of sesamin inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis. Sesamin inhibited human renal and liver microsome 20-HETE synthesis with IC50 <20 micromol/L. It was selective toward CYP4F2 (IC50: 1.9 micromol/L) and had reduced activity toward CYP4A11 (IC50: >150 micromol/L), as well as cytochrome P epoxygenation of arachidonic acid (IC50: >50 micromol/L). In a randomized, controlled crossover trial, overweight men and women (n=33) consumed 25 g/d of sesame (approximately 50 mg/d of sesame lignan) or an isocaloric matched control for 5 weeks each. Relative to control, sesame supplementation resulted in a 28% decrease in plasma and a 32% decrease in urinary 20-HETE (P<0.001). Urinary sodium, potassium, and blood pressure were not affected. This study demonstrates for the first time that sesame supplementation in humans reduces the plasma and urinary levels of 20-HETE, likely via inhibition of CYP4F2 by sesame lignans. These results suggest that sesame lignans could be used for the investigation of potential roles of 20-HETE in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Y Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yousif MHM, Benter IF, Dunn KMJ, Dahly-Vernon AJ, Akhtar S, Roman RJ. Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in altering vascular reactivity in diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:1-12. [PMID: 19302551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2009.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1 This study examined the role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) in altering vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. 2 The expression of CYP4A protein and the formation of 20-HETE were elevated in the kidney, but not in the renal or mesenteric vasculature, of diabetic animals. The vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine (NE), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and angiotensin II (Ang II) were significantly enhanced in the isolated perfused mesenteric vascular bed and renal artery segments of diabetic rats. Chronic treatment of the diabetic rats with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 50 mg kg(-1) alt(-1) diem) or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016, 2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) attenuated the responses to these vasoconstrictors in both vascular beds. 3 The synthesis of 20-HETE in renal microsomes was reduced by >80% confirming that the doses of ABT and HET0016 were sufficient to achieve system blockade. Addition of HET0016 (1 microM) in vitro also normalized the enhanced vascular responsiveness of renal and mesenteric vessels obtained from diabetic animals to NE and inhibited the formation of 20-HETE by >90% while having no effect on the formation of epoxides. Vasodilator responses to carbachol and histamine were reduced in the mesenteric vasculature, but not in renal arteries, of diabetic rats. Treatment of the diabetic animals with HET0016 improved vasodilator responses in both vascular beds. Vascular sensitivity to exogenous 20-HETE was elevated in the mesenteric bed of diabetic animals compared to controls. 4 These results suggest that 20-HETE contributes to the elevation in vascular reactivity in diabetic animals. This effect is not due to increased vascular expression of CYP4A but may be related to either enhanced agonist-induced release of substrate (arachidonic acid) by the CaMKII/Ras-GTPase system and/or elevated vascular responsiveness to 20-HETE by the CaMKII/Ras-GTPase system and/or elevated vascular responsiveness to 20-HETE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H M Yousif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Effect of 20-HETE inhibition on infarct volume and cerebral blood flow after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29:629-39. [PMID: 19107134 PMCID: PMC2821901 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of an inhibitor of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthesis, N-(3-chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl)phenyl-N'-hydroxyimido formamide (TS-011), on infarct volume, volume at risk, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) eicosanoids in the brain after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (t-MCAO) in rats. TS-011 (0.1 mg/kg, iv) reduced cortical infarct volume by approximately 70% and total infarct volume by 55%. TS-011 had no effect on the volume at risk or CBF during or up to 30 mins after the ischemic period. TS-011 reduced the delayed fall in CBF seen 2 h after reperfusion. The levels of CYP450 eicosanoids were similar in the ischemic and contralateral hemispheres after t-MCAO. TS-011 reduced 20-HETE levels in cerebral tissue by 80% but had no effect on the levels of EETs. Administration of another 20-HETE inhibitor, HET0016 (0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg, iv) or a 20-HETE antagonist 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (10 mg/kg, iv) also reduced infarct size. These results indicate that inhibitors of the synthesis or vasoconstrictor effects of 20-HETE reduce infarct size in rats after cerebral ischemia. The effects of TS-011 are not associated with changes in the area at risk or CBF and may be because of a potential protective effect in neurons subjected to ischemic stress.
Collapse
|
49
|
Dunn KM, Renic M, Flasch AK, Harder DR, Falck J, Roman RJ. Elevated production of 20-HETE in the cerebral vasculature contributes to severity of ischemic stroke and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H2455-65. [PMID: 18952718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00512.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, but the factors that contribute to the increased incidence and severity of ischemic stroke in hypertension remain to be determined. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been reported to be a potent constrictor of cerebral arteries, and inhibitors of 20-HETE formation reduce infarct size following cerebral ischemia. The present study examined whether elevated production of 20-HETE in the cerebral vasculature could contribute to the larger infarct size previously reported after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in hypertensive strains of rat [spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP)]. The synthesis of 20-HETE in the cerebral vasculature of SHRSP measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was about twice that seen in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. This was associated with the elevated expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)4A protein and CYP4A1 and CYP4A8 mRNA. Infarct volume after transient MCAO was greater in SHRSP (36+/-4% of hemisphere volume) than in SHR (19+/-5%) or WKY rats (5+/-2%). This was associated with a significantly greater reduction in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in SHR and SHRSP than in WKY rats during the ischemic period (78% vs. 62%). In WKY rats, rCBF returned to 75% of control following reperfusion. In contrast, SHR and SHRSP exhibited a large (166+/-18% of baseline) and sustained (1 h) postischemic hyperperfusion. Acute blockade of the synthesis of 20-HETE with N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016; 1 mg/kg) reduced infarct size by 59% in SHR and 87% in SHRSP. HET0016 had no effect on the fall in rCBF during MCAO but eliminated the hyperemic response. HET0016 also attenuated vascular O2*- formation and restored endothelium-dependent dilation in cerebral arteries of SHRSP. These results indicate the production of 20-HETE is elevated in the cerebral vasculature of SHRSP and contributes to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the enhanced sensitivity to ischemic stroke in this hypertensive model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Dunn
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu X, Li C, Falck JR, Roman RJ, Harder DR, Koehler RC. Interaction of nitric oxide, 20-HETE, and EETs during functional hyperemia in whisker barrel cortex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H619-31. [PMID: 18502903 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01211.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) modulates vasodilation in cerebral cortex during sensory activation. NO is known to inhibit the synthesis of 20-HETE, which has been implicated in arteriolar constriction during astrocyte activation in brain slices. We tested the hypothesis that the attenuated cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to whisker stimulation seen after NO synthase (NOS) inhibition requires 20-HETE synthesis and that the ability of an epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) antagonist to reduce the CBF response is blunted after NOS inhibition but restored with simultaneous blockade of 20-HETE synthesis. In anesthetized rats, the increase in CBF during whisker stimulation was attenuated after the blockade of neuronal NOS with 7-nitroindazole. Subsequent administration of the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine (HET0016) restored the CBF response to control levels. After the administration of 7-nitroindazole, the inhibitory effect of an EETs antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE) on the CBF response was lost, whereas the simultaneous administration of 7-nitroindazole and HET0016 restored the inhibitory effect of 14,15-EEZE. The administration of HET0016 alone had only a small effect on the evoked CBF response in rats. Furthermore, in neuronal NOS(+/+) and NOS(-/-) mice, HET0016 administration did not increase the CBF response to whisker stimulation. In neuronal NOS(+/+) mice, HET0016 also blocked the reduction in the response seen with acute NOS inhibition. These results indicate that 20-HETE synthesis normally does not substantially restrict functional hyperemia. Increased NO production during functional activation may act dynamically to suppress 20-HETE synthesis or downstream signaling and permit EETs-dependent vasodilation. With the chronic loss of neuronal NOS in mice, other mechanisms apparently suppress 20-HETE synthesis or signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe St./Blalock 1404, Baltimore, MD 21287-4961, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|