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Udhayakumar R, Rahman S, Buxi D, Macefield VG, Dawood T, Mellor N, Karmakar C. Measurement of stress-induced sympathetic nervous activity using multi-wavelength PPG. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221382. [PMID: 37650068 PMCID: PMC10465208 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The onset of stress triggers sympathetic arousal (SA), which causes detectable changes to physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, dilation of the pupils and sweat release. The objective quantification of SA has tremendous potential to prevent and manage psychological disorders. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive method to measure skin blood flow changes, has been used to estimate SA indirectly. However, the impact of various wavelengths of the PPG signal has not been investigated for estimating SA. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using various statistical and nonlinear features derived from peak-to-peak (AC) values of PPG signals of different wavelengths (green, blue, infrared and red) to estimate stress-induced changes in SA and compare their performances. The impact of two physical stressors: and Hand Grip are studied on 32 healthy individuals. Linear (Mean, s.d.) and nonlinear (Katz, Petrosian, Higuchi, SampEn, TotalSampEn) features are extracted from the PPG signal's AC amplitudes to identify the onset, continuation and recovery phases of those stressors. The results show that the nonlinear features are the most promising in detecting stress-induced sympathetic activity. TotalSampEn feature was capable of detecting stress-induced changes in SA for all wavelengths, whereas other features (Petrosian, AvgSampEn) are significant (AUC ≥ 0.8) only for IR and Red wavelengths. The outcomes of this study can be used to make device design decisions as well as develop stress detection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saifur Rahman
- School of Information Technology Deakin University, Geelong 3225, Australia
| | | | | | - Tye Dawood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Chandan Karmakar
- School of Information Technology Deakin University, Geelong 3225, Australia
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2
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Xing X, Ma Z, Xu S, Zhang M, Zhao W, Song M, Dong WF. Blood pressure assessment with in-ear photoplethysmography. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34571491 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac2a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. In this study, we aimed to estimate blood pressure (BP) from in-ear photoplethysmography (PPG). This novel implementation provided an unobtrusive and steady way of recording PPG, whereas previous PPG measurements were mostly performed at the wrist, finger, or earlobe.Methods. The time between forward and reflected PPG waves was very short at the ear site. To minimize errors introduced by feature extraction, a multi-Gaussian decomposition of in-ear PPG was performed. Both hand-crafted and whole-based features were extracted and the best combination of features was selected using a backward-search wrapper method and evaluated by the Akaike information criteria. Hemodynamic parameters such as compliance and inertance were estimated from a four-element Windkessel (WK4) model, which was used to pre-classify PPG signals and generate different BP estimation algorithms. Calibration was done by using previous measurements from the same class. To validate this novel approach, 53 subjects were recruited for a one-month follow-up study, and 17 subjects were recruited for a two-month follow-up study. Calibrated systolic BP estimation accuracy was significantly improved with inertance-based pre-classification, while diastolic BP showed less improvement.Results. With proper feature selection, pre-classification and calibration, we have achieved a mean absolute error of 5.35 mmHg for SBP estimation, compared to 6.16 mmHg if no pre-classification was carried out. The performance did not deteriorate in two months, showing a decent BP trend-tracking ability.Conclusion. The study demonstrated the feasibility of in-ear PPG to reliably measure BP, which represents an important technological advancement in terms of unobtrusiveness and steadiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science &Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Xu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science &Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyou Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Song
- Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Karavaev AS, Borovik AS, Borovkova EI, Orlova EA, Simonyan MA, Ponomarenko VI, Skazkina VV, Gridnev VI, Bezruchko BP, Prokhorov MD, Kiselev AR. Low-frequency component of photoplethysmogram reflects the autonomic control of blood pressure. Biophys J 2021; 120:2657-2664. [PMID: 34087217 PMCID: PMC8390904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how much information the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal contains on the autonomic regulation of blood pressure (BP) remains unsolved. This study aims to compare the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency components of PPG and BP and assess their correlation with oscillations in interbeat (RR) intervals at similar frequencies. The PPG signal from the distal phalanx of the right index finger recorded using a reflective PPG sensor at green light, the BP signal from the left hand recorded using a Finometer, and RR intervals were analyzed. These signals were simultaneously recorded within 15 min in a supine resting condition in 17 healthy subjects (12 males and 5 females) aged 33 ± 9 years (mean ± SD). The study revealed the high coherence of LF components of PPG and BP with the LF component of RR intervals. The high-frequency components of these signals had low coherence. The analysis of the signal instantaneous phases revealed the presence of high-phase coherence between the LF components of PPG and BP. It is shown that the LF component of PPG is determined not only by local myogenic activity but also reflects the processes of autonomic control of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly S Karavaev
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anatoly S Borovik
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Borovkova
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Eugeniya A Orlova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir I Ponomarenko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir I Gridnev
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Boris P Bezruchko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail D Prokhorov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton R Kiselev
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
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Foster M, Singh N, Kwok K, Macefield VG. Vestibular modulation of skin sympathetic nerve activity in sopite syndrome induced by low-frequency sinusoidal motion. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1551-1559. [PMID: 32965160 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00177.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sopite syndrome, centered around the drowsiness, lethargy, and irritability associated with motion sickness, can be induced by exposure to low-frequency motion. It is known that the vestibular apparatus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of motion sickness, which features several autonomic responses, and we have previously documented increased vestibular modulation of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and an increase in skin blood flow associated with nausea. Here, we assessed whether imperceptibly slow sinusoidal motion, sufficient to induce sopite syndrome but not nausea, also modulates SSNA and skin blood flow. Participants were seated upright and exposed to a randomized set of sinusoidal linear accelerations, ranging from 0.03 Hz at 0.5 mG to 0.2 Hz at 5 mG, via a motorized platform. At all frequencies vestibular modulation was greater than the cardiac modulation of SSNA, but cardiac modulation and skin blood flow were both significantly lower during the motion than at baseline. We conclude that sopite syndrome is associated with a marked modulation of sympathetic outflow to the skin and cutaneous vasoconstriction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Little is known about the autonomic consequences of sopite syndrome-the drowsiness that can be induced by low-amplitude cyclic motion. We recorded skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in seated participants exposed to slow sinusoidal linear acceleration (0.03-0.2 Hz), which preferentially activates hair cells in the utricular part of the otolithic organs, at amplitudes that generated no sensations of motion. At all frequencies, there was a clear vestibular modulation of SSNA and cutaneous vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Foster
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Singh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenny Kwok
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Fricke K, Schneider H, Biselli P, Hansel NN, Zhang ZG, Sowho MO, Grote L. Nasal high flow, but not supplemental O 2, reduces peripheral vascular sympathetic activity during sleep in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3635-3643. [PMID: 30464446 PMCID: PMC6220426 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s166093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with COPD have increased respiratory loads and altered blood gases, both of which affect vascular function and sympathetic activity. Sleep, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, is known to exacerbate hypoxia and respiratory loads. Therefore, we hypothesize that nasal high flow (NHF), which lowers ventilatory loads, reduces sympathetic activity during sleep and that this effect depends on COPD severity. Methods We performed full polysomnography in COPD patients (n=17; FEV1, 1.6±0.6 L) and in matched controls (n=8). Participants received room air (RA) at baseline and single night treatment with O2 (2 L/min) and NHF (20 L/min) in a random order. Finger pulse wave amplitude (PWA), a measure of vascular sympathetic tone, was assessed by photoplethysmography. Autonomic activation (AA) events were defined as PWA attenuation ≥30% and indexed per hour for sleep stages (AA index [AAI]) at RA, NHF, and O2). Results In COPD, sleep apnea improved following O2 (REM-apnea hypopnea index [AHI] with RA, O2, and NHF: 18.6±20.9, 12.7±18.1, and 14.4±19.8, respectively; P=0.04 for O2 and P=0.06 for NHF). REM-AAI was reduced only following NHF in COPD patients (AAI-RA, 21.5±18.4 n/h and AAI-NHF, 9.9±6.8 n/h, P=0.02) without changes following O2 (NHF-O2 difference, P=0.01). REM-AAI reduction was associated with lung function expressed as FEV1 and FVC (FEV1: r=−0.59, P=0.001; FEV1/FVC: r=−0.52 and P=0.007). Conclusion NHF but not elevated oxygenation reduces peripheral vascular sympathetic activity in COPD patients during REM sleep. Sympathetic off-loading by NHF, possibly related to improved breathing mechanics, showed a strong association with COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fricke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, .,Department for Pulmonary, Sleep, and Intensive Care Medicine, Helios Klinikum, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | - P Biselli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, .,Intensive Care Unit, Medical Division, University Hospital, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - N N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | - Z G Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, .,Department for Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M O Sowho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | - L Grote
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, .,Sleep Disorders Center, Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zuzarte I, Indic P, Sternad D, Paydarfar D. Quantifying Movement in Preterm Infants Using Photoplethysmography. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:646-658. [PMID: 30255214 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-term recordings of movement in preterm infants might reveal important clinical information. However, measurement of movement is limited because of time-consuming and subjective analysis of video or reluctance to attach additional sensors to the infant. We evaluated whether photoplethysmogram (PPG), routinely used for oximetry in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), can provide reliable long-term measurements of movement. In 18 infants [mean post-conceptional age (PCA) 31.10 weeks, range 29-34.29 weeks], we designed and tested a wavelet-based algorithm that detects movement signals from the PPG. The algorithm's performance was optimized relative to subjective assessments of movement using video and accelerometers attached to two limbs and force sensors embedded within the mattress (five infants, three raters). We then applied the optimized algorithm to infants receiving routine care in the NICU without additional sensors. The algorithm revealed a decline in brief movements (< 5 s) with increasing PCA (13 infants, r = - 0.87, p < 0.001, PCA range 27.3-33.9 weeks). Our findings suggest that quantitative relationships between motor activity and clinical outcomes in preterm infants can be studied using routine photoplethysmography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Zuzarte
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Premananda Indic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Dagmar Sternad
- Departments of Biology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Paydarfar
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas, 1701 Trinity St. Stop Z0700, Health Discovery Bldg, 5.708A, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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7
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Lin C, Lo MT, Guilleminault C. Exploring the Abnormal Modulation of the Autonomic Systems during Nasal Flow Limitation in Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome by Hilbert-Huang Transform. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:161. [PMID: 29034238 PMCID: PMC5625011 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with nasal flow limitation and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) during sleep can present with low blood pressure and disturbing symptoms associated with hypervagotony. We hypothesized that the dynamic changes of the autonomic system related to inspiratory flow limitation can be quantified by the developed analytic technique applied on beat-to-beat heart rate (RR intervals) and finger photoplethysmography (PPG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford University, Redwood, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Christian Guilleminault
- Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford University, Redwood, CA, United States
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8
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Yuan H, Poeggel S, Newe T, Lewis E, Viphavakit C, Leen G. An Experimental Study of the Effects of External Physiological Parameters on the Photoplethysmography Signals in the Context of Local Blood Pressure (Hydrostatic Pressure Changes). SENSORS 2017; 17:s17030556. [PMID: 28287428 PMCID: PMC5375842 DOI: 10.3390/s17030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the effect of a wide range of controlled human subject motion on Photoplethysmographic signals is reported. The investigation includes testing of two separate groups of 5 and 18 subjects who were asked to undertake set exercises whilst simultaneously monitoring a wide range of physiological parameters including Breathing Rate, Heart Rate and Localised Blood Pressure using commercial clinical sensing systems. The unique finger mounted PPG probe equipped with miniature three axis accelerometers for undertaking this investigation was a purpose built in-house version which is designed to facilitate reproducible application to a wide range of human subjects and the study of motion. The subjects were required to undertake several motion based exercises including standing, sitting and lying down and transitions between these states. They were also required to undertake set arm movements including arm-swinging and wrist rotation. A comprehensive set of experimental results corresponding to all motion inducing exercises have been recorded and analysed including the baseline (BL) value (DC component) and the amplitude of the oscillation of the PPG. All physiological parameters were also recorded as a simultaneous time varying waveform. The effects of the motion and specifically the localised Blood Pressure (BP) have been studied and related to possible influences of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and hemodynamic pressure variations. It is envisaged that a comprehensive study of the effect of motion and the localised pressure fluctuations will provide valuable information for the future minimisation of motion artefact effect on the PPG signals of this probe and allow the accurate assessment of total haemoglobin concentration which is the primary function of the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yuan
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Sven Poeggel
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Thomas Newe
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Elfed Lewis
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Charusluk Viphavakit
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Gabriel Leen
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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Chang CW, Wang SH, Jan MY, Wang WK. Effect of black tea consumption on radial blood pulse spectrum and cognitive health. Complement Ther Med 2017; 31:1-7. [PMID: 28434461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Black tea consumption has been proven to improve endothelial function and to lower the risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. Several effects of black tea on cardiovascular system had been surveyed. However, the black tea effect on pressure pulse spectrum remains unknown. The study was aimed to investigate the influence of black tea on radial blood pressure and Pulse Spectrum. Fourteen healthy subjects received water and single doses of black tea (0.05g/Kg) in separate weeks. The radial blood pressure and pulse wave were measured and the pressure pulses were evaluated using harmonic analysis. This report confirmed that black tea consumption (dose=0.05g/Kg) significantly increased third, fifth, (P<0.1), sixth, seventh, and eighth harmonics (p<0.05) of radial pressure wave comparing to water control. We proposed that black tea may increase cerebral blood flow (CBF), which was deduced from the results and from the conclusions of previous studies. The results also showed that the harmonic components of pressure pulse could be the vascular kinetic index that assessed the hemodynamic status in each time frame before and after consumption of black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yie Jan
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Kiselev AR, Mironov SA, Karavaev AS, Kulminskiy DD, Skazkina VV, Borovkova EI, Shvartz VA, Ponomarenko VI, Prokhorov MD. A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control using photoplethysmograms recorded from the earlobe and fingers. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:580-95. [PMID: 27027461 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/4/580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We compare the spectral indices of photoplethysmogram variability (PPGV) estimated using photoplethysmograms recorded from the earlobe and the middle fingers of the right and left hand and analyze their correlation with similar indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in 30 healthy subjects (26 men) aged 27 (25, 29) years (median with inter-quartile ranges) at rest and under the head-up tilt test. The following spectral indices of PPGV and HRV were compared: mean heart rate (HR), total spectral power (TP), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) ranges of TP in percents (HF% and LF%), LF/HF ratio, and spectral coherence. We assess also the index S of synchronization between the LF oscillations in HRV and PPGV. The constancy of blood pressure (BP) and moderate increase of HR under the tilt test indicate the presence of fast processes of cardiovascular adaptation with the increase of the sympathetic activity in studied healthy subjects. The impact of respiration on the PPGV spectrum (accessed by HF%) is less than on the HRV spectrum. It is shown that the proportion of sympathetic vascular activity (accessed by LF%) is constant in the PPGV of three analyzed PPGs during the tilt test. The PPGV for the ear PPG was less vulnerable to breathing influence accessed by HF% (independently from body position) than for PPGs from fingers. We reveal the increase of index S under the tilt test indicating the activation of interaction between the heart and distal vessels. The PPGV spectra for finger PPGs from different hands are highly coherent, but differ substantially from the PPGV spectrum for the ear PPG. We conclude that joint analysis of frequency components of PPGV (for the earlobe and finger PPGs of both hands) and HRV and assessment of their synchronization provide additional information about cardiovascular autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kiselev
- Department of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia. Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Investigation of peripheral photoplethysmographic morphology changes induced during a hand-elevation study. J Clin Monit Comput 2015; 30:727-36. [PMID: 26318315 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-015-9761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A hand-elevation study was carried out in the laboratory in order to alter peripheral blood flow with the aim of increasing understanding of factors affecting the morphology of peripheral photoplethysmographic signals. Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals were recorded from twenty healthy volunteer subjects during a hand-elevation study in which the right hand was raised and lowered relative to heart level, while the left hand remained static. Red and infrared (IR) PPG signals were obtained from the right and left index fingers using a custom-made PPG processing system. PPG features were identified using a feature-detection algorithm based on the first derivative of the PPG signal. The systolic PPG amplitude, the reflection index, crest time, pulse width at half height, and delta T were calculated from 20 s IR PPG signals from three positions of the right hand with respect to heart level (-50, 0, +50 cm) in 19 volunteers. PPG features were found to change with hand elevation. On lowering the hand to 50 cm below heart level, ac systolic PPG amplitudes from the finger decreased by 68.32 %, while raising the arm increased the systolic amplitude by 69.99 %. These changes in amplitude were attributed to changes in hydrostatic pressure and the veno-arterial reflex. Other morphological variables, such as crest time, were found to be statistically significantly different across hand positions, indicating increased vascular resistance on arm elevation than on dependency. It was hypothesized that these morphological PPG changes were influenced by changes in downstream venous resistance, rather than arterial, or arteriolar, resistance. Changes in hand position relative to heart level can significantly affect the morphology of the peripheral ac PPG waveform. These alterations are due to a combination of physical effects and physiological responses to changes in hand position, which alter vascular resistance. Care should be taken when interpreting morphological data derived from PPG signals and methods should be standardized to take these effects into account.
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12
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Using the multi-parameter variability of photoplethysmographic signals to evaluate short-term cardiovascular regulation. J Clin Monit Comput 2014; 29:605-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-014-9641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Morino M, Masaki C, Seo Y, Mukai C, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Shiiba S, Nakamoto T, Hosokawa R. Non-randomized controlled prospective study on perioperative levels of stress and dysautonomia during dental implant surgery. J Prosthodont Res 2014; 58:177-83. [PMID: 24981241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and postoperative autonomic activities and changes in salivary stress biomarkers between patients who received only local anesthesia and those who received local anesthesia together with intravenous sedation in dental implant surgery. METHODS A total of 21 patients were enrolled in this non-randomized controlled prospective study; 7 subjects underwent implant surgery under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation and 14 subjects underwent surgery under only local anesthesia. Stress was evaluated by measuring salivary levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and a spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at baseline (on a day other than the day of surgery), 1h preoperatively, and 1h postoperatively. HRV analysis yields low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components, the LF/HF ratio, and the component coefficient of variance (CCV[HF]), which provide indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulatory activity. RESULTS CgA levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) at baseline in patients who received sedation than those who did not, but CgA levels did not differ prior to surgery. Also, the values of most parameters, including LF, HF, LF/HF (L/H), and CCV(HF), did not significantly differ between groups or among the three time points. Only ΔL/H and ΔCCV(HF) were significantly lower (p<0.05) at 1h preoperatively in patients who received sedation than those who received only local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS CgA levels were high in both groups immediately before surgery, and thus CgA values immediately before surgery may not be a reliable indicator of the need for intravenous sedation. Also, spectral analysis of HRV, especially ΔL/H and ΔCCV(HF), could be useful for assessing tension and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Morino
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Seo
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Chisato Mukai
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Shunji Shiiba
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu Dental University, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Nakamoto
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan.
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Zheng Y, Leung B, Sy S, Zhang Y, Poon CCY. A clip-free eyeglasses-based wearable monitoring device for measuring photoplethysmograhic signals. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2012:5022-5. [PMID: 23367056 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6347121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An eyeglasses-based device has been developed in this work to acquire photoplethysmogram (PPG) from the nose bridge. This device is aimed to provide wearable physiological monitoring without uncomfortable clips frequently used in PPG measurement from finger and ear. Switching control is applied on the LED and photo detector for power saving. An experiment involving postural change and treadmill jogging among 10 healthy young subjects was carried out to evaluate the performance of the device. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and PPG from finger, ear and nose were simultaneously recorded, from which heart rate (HR) and pulse transit time (PTT) were calculated. The results show that PPG measured from nose and ear are more resistant to motion than signal from finger during exercise. In addition, the difference between PTT measured from ear and nose indicates that local vasomotor activities may exist on ear and/or nose channel, and suggests that PPG from different sites should be used for cuff-less PTT-based BP estimation. We conclude that this wearable device has great potential to be used in the healthcare management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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