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Azurmendi PJ, Toro AR, Celía AF, Guevara D, Solerno MR, Di Ciano LA, Toledo JE, Ibarra FR, Arrizurieta EE, Oddo EM. Behavior of the renal kallikrein in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Influence of sexual hormones and aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron ion channels. Peptides 2023; 160:170925. [PMID: 36549423 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The renal kallikrein-kinin system (RKKS) has been related to blood pressure control and sodium and water balance. We have previously shown that female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have high urinary kallikrein activity (UKa) and lower blood pressure (BP) than males whereas ovariectomy stimulates UKa and diminishes BP. We also showed that high K+ intake and prepuberal gonadectomy (Gx) diminish BP with a concomitant increase in UKa and plasma aldosterone levels. Since kallikrein co-localize in the same distal nephron segments of aldosterone effectors, we explored the effect of pharmacological blockage of aldosterone receptor, epithelial Na+ (ENaC) and the rectifying outer medulla K+ (ROMK) channels in different gonad contexts on the gene expression, renal tissue content and urine release of kallikrein. Klk1 gene expression was determined by real-time PCR and enzymatic activity of kallikrein by the amidolytic method. We found that the inhibition of the aldosterone receptor by spironolactone increases kallikrein renal tissue storage and decreases its urinary activity, especially in Gx rats. Moreover, ENaC blockade by benzamil increases the renal content of kallikrein without affecting synthesis or excretion, especially in females and Gx animals, while the inhibition of ROMK by glibenclamide increases the synthesis and renal content of kallikrein only in intact male animals. We concluded that RKKS regulation showed sexual dimorphism and seemed to be modulated by sex hormones throughout a process involving aldosterone and the aldosterone-sensitive ion channels..
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Javier Azurmendi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ayelén Rayen Toro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Fabián Celía
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Guevara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Rogelio Solerno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Alberto Di Ciano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Eduardo Toledo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Raúl Ibarra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elvira Emilia Arrizurieta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisabet Mónica Oddo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Averyanova M, Vishnyakova P, Yureneva S, Yakushevskaya O, Fatkhudinov T, Elchaninov A, Sukhikh G. Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal hormone therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928171. [PMID: 35983046 PMCID: PMC9379861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatal outcomes of COVID-19 are related to the high reactivity of the innate wing of immunity. Estrogens could exert anti-inflammatory effects during SARS-CoV-2 infection at different stages: from increasing the antiviral resistance of individual cells to counteracting the pro-inflammatory cytokine production. A complex relationship between sex hormones and immune system implies that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has pleiotropic effects on immunity in peri- and postmenopausal patients. The definite immunological benefits of perimenopausal MHT confirm the important role of estrogens in regulation of immune functionalities. In this review, we attempt to explore how sex hormones and MHT affect immunological parameters of the organism at different level (in vitro, in vivo) and what mechanisms are involved in their protective response to the new coronavirus infection. The correlation of sex steroid levels with severity and lethality of the disease indicates the potential of using hormone therapy to modulate the immune response and increase the resilience to adverse outcomes. The overall success of MHT is based on decades of experience in clinical trials. According to the current standards, MHT should not be discontinued in COVID-19 with the exception of critical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Averyanova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Polina Vishnyakova,
| | - Svetlana Yureneva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Yakushevskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute, Moscow, Russia
- A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Growth and Development, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Y It Matters—Sex Differences in Fetal Lung Development. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030437. [PMID: 35327629 PMCID: PMC8946560 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Within this review, sex-specific differences in alveolar epithelial functions are discussed with special focus on preterm infants and the respiratory disorders associated with premature birth. First, a short overview about fetal lung development, the challenges the lung faces during perinatal lung transition to air breathing and respiratory distress in preterm infants is given. Next, clinical observations concerning sex-specific differences in pulmonary morbidity of human preterm infants are noted. The second part discusses potential sex-specific causes of pulmonary complications, including pulmonary steroid receptors and local lung steroid metabolism. With regard to pulmonary steroid metabolism, it is important to highlight which steroidogenic enzymes are expressed at which stage during fetal lung development. Thereafter, we review the knowledge concerning sex-specific aspects of lung growth and maturation. Special focus is given to alveolar epithelial Na+ transport as a driver of perinatal lung transition and the sex differences that were noted in this process.
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Su Z, Lin L, Fan X, Jia C, Shi B, Huang X, Wei J, Cui Q, Wu F. Increased Risk for Respiratory Complications in Male Extremely Preterm Infants: A Propensity Score Matching Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:823707. [PMID: 35634508 PMCID: PMC9134850 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.823707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors can affect the clinical outcome of extremely premature infants (EPIs), but the effect of sex is paradoxical. This study used propensity score matching to adjust baseline information to reassess the clinical outcome of EPIs based on sex. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on EPIs admitted in the Department of Neonatology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2011 to 2020. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to adjust the confounding factors including gestational age, birth weight, 1-minute Apgar score ≤ 3, withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment(WWLST), mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, the mother with advanced age (≥35 years old), complete-course antenatal steroid therapy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The survival rate at discharge and the incidence of major complications were evaluated between the male and female groups. RESULTS A total of 439 EPIs were included, and 240 (54.7%) infants were males. After matching the nine confounding factors, 148 pairs of infants were finally enrolled. There was no significant difference in the survival rate at discharge, as well as the mortality of activating treatment or WWLST between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and moderate to severe BPD in the male group was significantly increased (all P<0.01), especially at birth weight between 750 and 999 grams. CONCLUSIONS The male EPIs have a higher risk of respiratory complications than females, particularly at 750 to 999 grams of birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijun Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiliang Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiliang Cui, ; Fan Wu,
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiliang Cui, ; Fan Wu,
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Laube M, Pietsch S, Pannicke T, Thome UH, Fabian C. Development and Functional Characterization of Fetal Lung Organoids. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:678438. [PMID: 34552939 PMCID: PMC8450364 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.678438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants frequently suffer from pulmonary complications due to a physiological and structural lung immaturity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Novel in vitro and in vivo models are required to study the underlying mechanisms of late lung maturation and to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Organoids recapitulate essential aspects of structural organization and possibly organ function, and can be used to model developmental and disease processes. We aimed at generating fetal lung organoids (LOs) and to functionally characterize this in vitro model in comparison to primary lung epithelial cells and lung explants ex vivo. LOs were generated with alveolar and endothelial cells from fetal rat lung tissue, using a Matrigel-gradient and air-liquid-interface culture conditions. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the LOs consisted of polarized epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive cells with the apical membrane compartment facing the organoid lumen. Expression of the alveolar type 2 cell marker, RT2-70, and the Club cell marker, CC-10, were observed. Na+ transporter and surfactant protein mRNA expression were detected in the LOs. First time patch clamp analyses demonstrated the presence of several ion channels with specific electrophysiological properties, comparable to vital lung slices. Furthermore, the responsiveness of LOs to glucocorticoids was demonstrated. Finally, maturation of LOs induced by mesenchymal stem cells confirmed the convenience of the model to test and establish novel therapeutic strategies. The results showed that fetal LOs replicate key biological lung functions essential for lung maturation and therefore constitute a suitable in vitro model system to study lung development and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Laube
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Center for Paediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soeren Pietsch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Center for Paediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Center for Paediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Thome
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Center for Paediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Fabian
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Laube M, Dornis D, Wenzel F, Thome UH. Epidermal growth factor strongly affects epithelial Na + transport and barrier function in fetal alveolar cells, with minor sex-specific effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15951. [PMID: 34354180 PMCID: PMC8342687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sex remains an independent risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. Insufficient Na+ transport-mediated alveolar fluid clearance contributes to RDS development and we previously demonstrated sex-specific differences in Na+ transport. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) is important during fetal lung development with possible influence on Na+ transport. Sex-specific effects of EGF during surfactant synthesis were shown. We thus determined whether EGF exerts sex-specific effects on Na+ transport in fetal alveolar cells. We analyzed sex-specific fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells exposed to EGF and related ligands with Ussing chambers, RT-qPCR and Western blots. EGF strongly reduced the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) mRNA levels in both male and female FDLE cells. This was corroborated by a markedly reduced ENaC activity, while amiloride-insensitive pathways as well as barrier function were raised by EGF. In contrast to chronic effects, acute effects of EGF were sex-specific, because Na+ transport was reduced only in males. AKT phosphorylation was elevated only in female cells, while pERK1/2 was increased in both male and female cells. EGF showed certain sex- and time-dependent effects in FDLE cells. Nevertheless, the results suggest that EGF is an unlikely cause for the sex-specific differences in Na+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Laube
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Diana Dornis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fine Wenzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Thome
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Glucocorticoids Equally Stimulate Epithelial Na + Transport in Male and Female Fetal Alveolar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010057. [PMID: 31861781 PMCID: PMC6982285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants frequently suffer from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), possibly due to lower expression of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC). RDS incidence is sex-specific, affecting males almost twice as often. Despite the use of antenatal glucocorticoids (GCs), the sex difference persists. It is still controversial whether both sexes benefit equally from GCs. We previously showed that Na+ transport is higher in female compared with male fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells. Since GCs increase Na+ transport, we hypothesized that their stimulating effect might be sex-specific. We analyzed FDLE cells with Ussing chambers and RT-qPCR in the presence or absence of fetal serum. In serum-free medium, GCs increased the ENaC activity and mRNA expression, independent of sex. In contrast, GCs did not increase the Na+ transport in serum-supplemented media and abolished the otherwise observed sex difference. Inhibition of the GC receptor in the presence of serum did not equalize Na+ transport between male and female cells. The GC-induced surfactant protein mRNA expression was concentration and sex-specific. In conclusion, female and male FDLE cells exhibit no sex difference in response to GCs with regard to Na+ transport, and GR activity does not contribute to the higher Na+ transport in females.
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