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Fortunati E, Kazemier KM, Grutters JC, Koenderman L, Van den Bosch VJMM. Human neutrophils switch to an activated phenotype after homing to the lung irrespective of inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 155:559-66. [PMID: 19077082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can be investigated by changes in expression profiles of neutrophil receptors. Application of this technology for analysis of neutrophil phenotypes in diseased tissues is hampered by the absence of information regarding the modulation of neutrophil phenotypes after extravasation to tissues under non-inflammatory conditions. To fill this gap we measured the expression of neutrophil receptors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, which included both smokers and non-smokers. Blood and BALF neutrophils were identified by CD16(bright)/CD45(dim) cells, and triple-stained with antibodies directed against integrins, chemokine- and Fc gamma-receptors. BALF neutrophils of healthy volunteers showed an activated phenotype characterized by Mac-1 (CD11b)(bright), L-selectin (CD62L)(dim), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (CD54)(bright), Fc gamma RII (CD32)(bright), C5a receptor (CD88)(bright) and CD66b(bright). A similar phenotype was observed for BALF neutrophils of patients affected by sarcoidosis. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a modulated expression of C5a receptor (CD88) and ICAM-1 (CD54) in neutrophils of sarcoidosis patients. In conclusion, our data indicate that neutrophils found in the lung exhibit an activated phenotype under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fortunati
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tasaka S, Koh H, Yamada W, Shimizu M, Ogawa Y, Hasegawa N, Yamaguchi K, Ishii Y, Richer SE, Doerschuk CM, Ishizaka A. Attenuation of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 32:504-10. [PMID: 15778497 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0009oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A small GTPase, Rho, plays key roles in cell adhesion, motility, and contraction after stimulation. Among Rho effectors isolated, the family of Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinases (ROCK) is implicated in Rho-mediated cell adhesion and smooth muscle contraction. The effect of a specific inhibitor of ROCK, Y-27632, was evaluated in a murine model of acute lung injury induced by intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). Lung edema was evaluated by measuring extravascular leakage of radio-labeled serum albumin, and neutrophil emigration into the lung parenchyma by morphometric observation and measuring myeloperoxidase activity. Pretreatment with Y-27632 attenuated both lung edema and neutrophil emigration after LPS. We also measured albumin transfer through cultured endothelial cell monolayers on a porous filter. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha significantly increased albumin transfer, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Y-27632. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that morphologic changes in endothelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha were inhibited by Y-27632. In contrast, the increased fraction of neutrophils with polymerized actin after formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was not altered by Y-27632. These data suggest that ROCK may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced lung injury and that ROCK inhibition could attenuate cytoskeletal rearrangement of endothelial cells, leading to decreased neutrophil emigration into the lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadatomo Tasaka
- Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Soethout EC, Müller KE, van den Belt AJM, Rutten VPMG. Identification and phenotyping of leukocytes in bovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:795-8. [PMID: 15242961 PMCID: PMC440617 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.4.795-798.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method is proposed to identify leukocyte subpopulations in bovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by dual-laser flow cytometry. The technique uses several parameters, i.e., exclusion of highly autofluorescent alveolar macrophages and inclusion of leukocytes on the basis of labeling by specific antibodies and light scatter characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Soethout
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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van den Blink B, Branger J, Weijer S, Gupta A, van Deventer SJH, Peppelenbosch MP, van der Poll T. P38 mitogen activated protein kinase is involved in the downregulation of granulocyte CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 during human endotoxemia. J Clin Immunol 2004; 24:37-41. [PMID: 14997032 DOI: 10.1023/b:joci.0000018061.58504.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors CXC receptor (CXCR) 1 and 2, and their ligands interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-related oncogene alpha (GRO alpha), are principal regulators of neutrophil activation and migration. To investigate the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the regulation of CXCR expression during an inflammatory response in vivo, 24 healthy volunteers received an intravenous injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preceded (-3 hr) by a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (BIRB 796 BS) at a high dose (600 mg) or a low dose (50 mg) or a placebo. The LPS-induced reduction of neutrophil CXCR 1 and 2 expression, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, was inhibited in volunteers receiving the high dose of the p38 MAPK inhibitor. The kinase inhibitor also dose dependently diminished the LPS-induced rises in plasma IL-8 and GRO alpha levels. These results indicate a principal role for p38 MAPK in regulating factors essential for neutrophil activation and chemotaxis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernt van den Blink
- Laboratory for Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Seely AJE, Pascual JL, Christou NV. Science review: Cell membrane expression (connectivity) regulates neutrophil delivery, function and clearance. Crit Care 2003; 7:291-307. [PMID: 12930553 PMCID: PMC270693 DOI: 10.1186/cc1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the principal cellular component of the inflammatory host defense and contributor to host injury after severe physiologic insult, the neutrophil is inherently coupled to patient outcome in both health and disease. Extensive research has focused on the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil delivery, function, and clearance from the inflammatory microenvironment. The neutrophil cell membrane mediates the interaction of the neutrophil with the extracellular environment; it expresses a complex array of adhesion molecules and receptors for various ligands, including mediators, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and membrane molecules on other cells. This article presents a review and analysis of the evidence that the neutrophil membrane plays a central role in regulating neutrophil delivery (production, rolling, adhesion, diapedesis, and chemotaxis), function (priming and activation, microbicidal activity, and neutrophil-mediated host injury), and clearance (apoptosis and necrosis). In addition, we review how change in neutrophil membrane expression is synonymous with change in neutrophil function in vivo. Employing a complementary analysis of the neutrophil as a complex system, neutrophil membrane expression may be regarded as a measure of neutrophil connectivity, with altered patterns of connectivity representing functionally distinct neutrophil states. Thus, not only does the neutrophil membrane mediate the processes that characterize the neutrophil lifecycle, but characterization of neutrophil membrane expression represents a technology with which to evaluate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J E Seely
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. andrew@
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Seely AJE, Naud JF, Campisi G, Giannias B, Liu S, DiCarlo A, Ferri LE, Pascual JL, Tchervenkov J, Christou NV. Alteration of chemoattractant receptor expression regulates human neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. Ann Surg 2002; 235:550-9. [PMID: 11923612 PMCID: PMC1422471 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200204000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate human neutrophil delivery in vivo, as well as the mechanisms that lead to observed reduction in polymorphonuclear (PMN) delivery to remote sites in septic patients. METHODS Alterations in human PMN chemoattractant receptor expression and chemotactic function in vivo were evaluated in two distinct experiments: exudate PMNs (PMNs that have undergone transmigration to skin window blisters in controls) and septic PMNs (circulating PMNs from septic patients in the intensive care unit) were both separately compared with control circulating PMNs. RESULTS Exudate PMNs displayed increased C5a receptors and C5a chemotaxis, and reduced interleukin-8 receptors (both IL-8 RA and IL-8 RB) and IL-8 chemotaxis. Septic PMNs displayed reduced C5a and IL-8 receptors and decreased C5a chemotaxis but no change in IL-8 chemotaxis. IL-8 but not C5a receptor gene expression decreased in parallel to receptor alteration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that change in PMN chemoattractant receptor expression serves to regulate PMN chemotaxis in vivo; that exudate PMN chemotaxis depends more on C5a than IL-8; and that diminished chemoattractant receptors and chemotaxis in septic PMNs may explain decreased PMN delivery in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J E Seely
- Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cummings CJ, Martin TR, Frevert CW, Quan JM, Wong VA, Mongovin SM, Hagen TR, Steinberg KP, Goodman RB. Expression and Function of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 in Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PMN) and a redundant system of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis. PMN express two cell surface receptors for the CXC chemokines, CXCR1 and CXCR2. We investigated the expression and function of these receptors in patients with severe sepsis. Compared with normal donors, CXCR2 surface expression was down-regulated by 50% on PMN from septic patients (p < 0.005), while CXCR1 expression persisted. In vitro migratory responses to the CXCR1 ligand, IL-8, were similar in PMN from septic patients and normal donors. By contrast, the migratory response to the CXCR2 ligands, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activator (ENA-78) and the growth-related oncogene proteins, was markedly suppressed in PMN from septic patients (p < 0.05). Ab specific for CXCR1 blocked in vitro migration of PMN from septic patients to IL-8 (p < 0.05), but not to FMLP. Thus, functionally significant down-regulation of CXCR2 occurs on PMN in septic patients. We conclude that in a complex milieu of multiple CXC chemokines, CXCR1 functions as the single dominant CXC chemokine receptor in patients with sepsis. These observations offer a potential strategy for attenuating adverse inflammation in sepsis while preserving host defenses mediated by bacteria-derived peptides such as FMLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. James Cummings
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Thomas R. Martin
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Joanne M. Quan
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Venus A. Wong
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Steven M. Mongovin
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Tonja R. Hagen
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kenneth P. Steinberg
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Richard B. Goodman
- Medical Research Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs and Harborview Medical Centers, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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