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Tampakakis E, Mahmoud AI. The role of hormones and neurons in cardiomyocyte maturation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:136-143. [PMID: 33931308 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart undergoes profound morphological and functional changes as it continues to mature postnatally. However, this phase of cardiac development remains understudied. More recently, cardiac maturation research has attracted a lot of interest due to the need for more mature stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug screening and heart regeneration. Additionally, neonatal heart injury models have been utilized to study heart regeneration, and factors regulating postnatal heart development have been associated with adult cardiac disease. Critical components of cardiac maturation are systemic and local biochemical cues. Specifically, cardiac innervation and the concentration of various metabolic hormones appear to increase perinatally and they have striking effects on cardiomyocytes. Here, we first report some of the key parameters of mature cardiomyocytes and then discuss the specific effects of neurons and hormonal cues on cardiomyocyte maturation. We focus primarily on the structural, electrophysiologic, metabolic, hypertrophic and hyperplastic effects of each factor. This review highlights the significance of underappreciated regulators of cardiac maturation and underscores the need for further research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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2
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Lehtoranta L, Haapsamo M, Vuolteenaho O, Palo P, Ekholm E, Räsänen J. Fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics in type 1 diabetic pregnancies at near-term gestation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 100:263-271. [PMID: 32880890 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor glycemic control in maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy can affect fetal cardiac and placental function. However, studies concerning fetal central hemodynamics have revealed conflicting results. We hypothesized that in pregnancies complicated by maternal type 1 diabetes, fetal cardiovascular and placental hemodynamics are comparable to the control fetuses at near-term gestation. In addition, we investigated the relation between newborn serum biomarkers of cardiac function and fetal cardiovascular and placental hemodynamics. Furthermore, we studied whether maternal diabetes is associated with placental inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective case-control study, fetal central and peripheral hemodynamics were assessed by ultrasonography in 33 women with type 1 diabetes and in 67 controls with singleton pregnancies between 34+2 and 40+2 gestational weeks. Newborn umbilical cord serum was collected to analyze cardiac natriuretic peptides (atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides) and troponin T concentrations. Placental tissue samples were obtained for cytokine analyses. RESULTS Fetal ventricular wall thicknesses were greater and weight-adjusted stroke volumes and cardiac outputs were lower in the type 1 diabetes group than in the control group. Pulsatility in the aortic isthmus and inferior vena cava blood flow velocity waveforms was greater in the type 1 diabetes group fetuses than in the controls. A positive correlation was found between branch pulmonary artery and aortic isthmus pulsatility index values. Umbilical artery pulsatility indices were comparable between the groups. Umbilical cord serum natriuretic peptide and troponin T concentrations were elevated in the type 1 diabetes fetuses. These cardiac biomarkers correlated significantly with cardiovascular hemodynamics. Placental cytokine levels were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In maternal type 1 diabetes pregnancies, fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics is impaired. Maternal type 1 diabetes does not seem to alter placental vascular impedance or induce placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lehtoranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,The Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Haapsamo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Palo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva Ekholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Räsänen
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Karamlou T, Giraud GD, McKeogh D, Jonker SS, Shen I, Ungerleider RM, Thornburg KL. Right ventricular remodeling in response to volume overload in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H985-H991. [PMID: 30707615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fetal myocardium is known to be sensitive to hemodynamic load, responding to systolic overload with cellular hypertrophy, proliferation, and accelerated maturation. However, the fetal cardiac growth response to primary volume overload is unknown. We hypothesized that increased venous return would stimulate fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation, particularly in the right ventricle (RV). Vascular catheters and pulmonary artery flow probes were implanted in 16 late-gestation fetal sheep: a right carotid artery-jugular vein (AV) fistula was surgically created in nine fetuses, and sham operations were performed on seven fetuses. Instrumented fetuses were studied for 1 wk before hearts were dissected for component analysis or cardiomyocyte dispersion for cellular measurements. Within 1 day of AV fistula creation, RV output was 20% higher in experimental than sham fetuses ( P < 0.0001). Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide levels were elevated fivefold in fetuses with an AV fistula ( P < 0.002). On the terminal day, RV-to-body weight ratios were 35% higher in the AV fistula group ( P < 0.05). Both left ventricular and RV cardiomyocytes grew longer in fetuses with an AV fistula ( P < 0.02). Cell cycle activity was depressed by >50% [significant in left ventricle ( P < 0.02), but not RV ( P < 0.054)]. Rates of terminal differentiation were unchanged. Based on these studies, we speculate that atrial natriuretic peptide suppressed fetal cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. Unlike systolic overload, fetal diastolic load appears to drive myocyte enlargement, but not cardiomyocyte proliferation or maturation. These changes could predispose to RV dysfunction later in life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adaptation of the fetal heart to changes in cardiac load allows the fetus to maintain adequate blood flow to its systemic and placental circulations, which is necessary for the well-being of the fetus. Addition of arterial-venous fistula flow to existing venous return increased right ventricular stroke volume and output. The fetal heart compensated by cardiomyocyte elongation without accelerated cellular maturation, while cardiomyocyte proliferation decreased. Even transient volume overload in utero alters myocardial structure and cardiomyocyte endowment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Karamlou
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - George D Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Donogh McKeogh
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Irving Shen
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Ross M Ungerleider
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Wilburn AN, Giraud GD, Louey S, Morgan T, Gandhi N, Jonker SS. Systemic arterial hypertension but not IGF-I treatment stimulates cardiomyocyte enlargement in neonatal lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1038-R1048. [PMID: 30480483 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00198.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation is nearly complete at birth in sheep, as in humans, very limited postnatal expansion of myocyte number may occur. The capacity of newborn cardiomyocytes to respond to growth stimulation by proliferation is poorly understood. Our objective was to test this growth response in newborn lambs with two stimuli shown to be potent inducers of cardiomyocyte growth in fetuses and adults: increased systolic load (Load) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Vascular catheters and an inflatable aortic occluder were implanted in lambs. Hearts were collected for analysis at 18 days of age after a 7-day experiment and compared with control hearts. Load hearts, but not IGF-I hearts, were heavier ( P = 0.001) because of increased mass of the left ventricle (LV), septum, and left atrium (40-50%, P = 0.004). Terminal differentiation and cell cycle activity were not different between groups. Myocyte length was 7% greater in Load lamb hearts ( P < 0.05), and binucleated myocytes, which comprise ~90% of LV cells, were 25% larger in volume ( P = 0.03). Myocyte number per gram of myocardium was decreased in all ventricles of Load lambs ( P = 0.01). Cells from the IGF-I group were not different by any comparison. These results suggest that the newborn sheep LV responds to systolic stress with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, not proliferation. Furthermore, IGF-I is ineffective at stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation at this age (despite effectiveness when administered before birth). Thus, to expand cardiomyocyte number in the newborn heart, therapies other than systolic pressure load and IGF-I treatment need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne N Wilburn
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Pacific University , Forest Grove, Oregon
| | - George D Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Department of Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Nainesh Gandhi
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Ribeiro NE, Cabral EV, Aires RS, Vieira-Filho LD, Ribeiro VS, Gonçalves DRM, Borges LPNC, Melo IMF, Ferreira CGM, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Teixeira ÁAC, Soares AF, Paixão AD. Maternal Na+intake induces renal function injury in rats prevented by a short-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:275-284. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Ribeiro
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Edjair V Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Regina S Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valdilene S Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Daianna RM Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Luis PNC Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ismaela MF Melo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Cintia GM Ferreira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valeria Wanderley-Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Álvaro AC Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Anísio F Soares
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ana D Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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Ding Y, Chen J, Cui G, Wei Y, Lu C, Wang L, Diao H. Pathophysiological role of osteopontin and angiotensin II in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:5-9. [PMID: 26828266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
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Jonker SS, Louey S. Endocrine and other physiologic modulators of perinatal cardiomyocyte endowment. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R1-18. [PMID: 26432905 PMCID: PMC4677998 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase cell number, establishing cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Developmental changes in cellular maturation, size and attrition further contribute to cardiac anatomy. These physiological processes occur concomitant with a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. There are complex interactions between endocrine, hemodynamic and nutritional regulators of cardiac development. Birth has been long assumed to be the trigger for major differences between the fetal and postnatal cardiomyocyte growth patterns, but investigations in normally growing sheep and rodents suggest this may not be entirely true; in sheep, these differences are initiated before birth, while in rodents they occur after birth. The aim of this review is to draw together our understanding of the temporal regulation of these signals and cardiomyocyte responses relative to birth. Further, we consider how these dynamics are altered in stressed and suboptimal intrauterine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Jonker
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Center for Developmental HealthOregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - S Louey
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Center for Developmental HealthOregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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