1
|
Gehring J, Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Gaudichon C, Even PC. Protein-carbohydrate interaction effects on energy balance, FGF21, IGF-1, and hypothalamic gene expression in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E621-E635. [PMID: 34569272 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00246.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are involved in energy homeostasis, just as are carbohydrates and lipids. Therefore, mechanisms controlling protein intake should operate independently and in combination with systems controlling overall energy intake to coordinate appropriate metabolic and behavioral responses. The objective of this study was to quantify the respective roles of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on energy balance, plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, and hypothalamic neurotransmitters (POMC, NPY, AgRP, and CART). In a simplified geometric framework, 7-wk-old male Wistar rats were fed 12 diets containing 3%-30% protein for 3 wk, in which carbohydrates accounted for 30%-75% of the carbohydrate and fat part of the diet. As a result of this study, most of the studied parameters (body composition, energy expenditure, plasma FGF21 and IGF-1 concentrations, and Pomc/Agrp ratio) responded mainly to the protein content and to a lesser extent to the carbohydrate content in the diet.NEW & NOTEWORTHY As mechanisms controlling protein intake can operate independently and in combination with those controlling energy intakes, we investigated the metabolic and behavioral effects of the protein-carbohydrate interaction. With a simplified geometric framework, we showed that body composition, energy balance, plasma FGF21 and IGF-1 concentrations, and hypothalamic Pomc/Agrp ratio were primarily responsive to protein content and, to a lesser extent, to carbohydrate content of the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Gehring
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julien Piedcoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gehring J, Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Gaudichon C, Even PC. Rats Self-Select a Constant Protein-to-Carbohydrate Ratio Rather Than a Constant Protein-to-Energy Ratio and Have Low Plasma FGF21 Concentrations. J Nutr 2021; 151:1921-1936. [PMID: 33830241 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under dietary self-selection (DSS), rats ingest 25-30% of energy as protein. This high level appears to be explained by metabolic benefits related to reduced carbohydrate dependence and associated pathologies. However, the mechanisms underlying these choices remain largely misunderstood. OBJECTIVES The aim was to test the hypothesis that in a DSS model, rats select a protein-to-energy (PE) ratio to maintain the protein-to-carbohydrate (PC) ratio constant and that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in this response. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used in 3 experiments. The first was to determine whether the PE ratio was influenced by changes in carbohydrate content. The second was to test whether the PE ratio was defended with a modified DSS model. The third was to determine whether the selected PE ratio was of metabolic interest compared with a standard 15% protein diet. Food intake, body weight, and energy expenditure were measured. After 3 wk, plasma was sampled and rats were killed to determine body composition and gene expression. Statistical analyses were mainly done by ANOVA tests and correlation tests. RESULTS The selected PE ratio increased from 20% to 35% when the carbohydrate content of the protein-free diet increased from 30% to 75% (R2 = 0.56; P < 10-6). Consequently, the PC ratio was constant (70%) in all groups (P = 0.18). In self-selecting rats, plasma FGF21 concentrations were 3 times lower than in rats fed the 5% protein diet (P < 10-4) and similar to those in rats fed a 30% diet. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that self-selecting rats established PE ratios larger than those considered sufficient to achieve optimal growth in adult rats (10-15%), and the ratios were highly dependent on carbohydrates, apparently with the aim of maintaining a constant and high PC ratio. This was associated with a minimization of plasma FGF21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Gehring
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julien Piedcoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chaumontet C, Azzout-Marniche D, Blais A, Piedcoq J, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Even PC. Low-protein and methionine, high-starch diets increase energy intake and expenditure, increase FGF21, decrease IGF-1, and have little effect on adiposity in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R486-R501. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-protein diets most often induce increased energy intake in an attempt to increase protein intake to meet protein needs with a risk of accumulation as fat of the excess energy intake. In female adult BALB/c mice, a decrease in dietary casein from 20% to 6% and 3% increased energy intake and slightly increased adiposity, and this response was exacerbated with soy proteins with low methionine content. The effect on fat mass was however limited because total energy expenditure increased to the same extent as energy intake. Lean body mass was preserved in all 6% fed mice and reduced only in 3% casein-fed animals. Insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test was reduced in soy-fed mice and in low-protein-fed mice. Low-protein diets did not affect uncoupling protein 1 and increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in brown adipose tissue and increased FGF21, fatty acid synthase, and cluster of differentiation 36 in the liver. In the hypothalamus, neuropeptide Y was increased and proopiomelanocortin was decreased only in 3% casein-fed mice. In plasma, when protein was decreased, insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased and FGF21 increased and plasma FGF21 was best described by using a combination of dietary protein level, protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and protein-to-methionine ratio in the diet. In conclusion, reducing dietary protein and protein quality increases energy intake but also energy expenditure resulting in an only slight increase in adiposity. In this process, FGF21 is probably an important signal that responds to a complex combination of protein restriction, protein quality, and carbohydrate content of the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C. Even
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Khodorova N, Fromentin G, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Even PC. High Pancreatic Amylase Expression Promotes Adiposity in Obesity-Prone Carbohydrate-Sensitive Rats. J Nutr 2019; 149:270-279. [PMID: 30753533 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported large differences in adiposity (fat mass/body weight) gain between rats fed a low-fat, high-starch diet, leading to their classification into carbohydrate "sensitive" and "resistant" rats. In sensitive animals, fat accumulates in visceral adipose tissues, leading to the suggestion that this form of obesity could be responsible for rapid development of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether increased amylase secretion by the pancreas and accelerated starch degradation in the intestine could be responsible for this phenotype. METHOD Thirty-two male Wistar rats (7-wk-old) were fed a purified low-fat (10%), high-carbohydrate diet for 6 wk, in which most of the carbohydrate (64% by energy) was provided as corn starch. Meal tolerance tests of the Starch diet were performed to measure glucose and insulin responses to meal ingestion. Indirect calorimetry combined with use of 13C-labelled dietary starch was used to assess meal-induced changes in whole body and starch-derived glucose oxidation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess mRNA expression in pancreas, liver, white and brown adipose tissues, and intestine. Amylase activity was measured in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum contents. ANOVA and regression analyses were used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS "Resistant" and "sensitive" rats were separated according to adiposity gain during the study (1.73% ± 0.20% compared with 4.35% ± 0.36%). Breath recovery of 13CO2 from 13C-labelled dietary starch was higher in "sensitive" rats, indicating a larger increase in whole body glucose oxidation and, conversely, a larger decrease in lipid oxidation. Amylase mRNA expression in pancreas, and amylase activity in jejunum, were also higher in sensitive rats. CONCLUSION Differences in digestion of starch can promote visceral fat accumulation in rats when fed a low-fat, high-starch diet. This mechanism may have important implications in human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sousa RML, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, Sanches JR, da Silva MU, Coêlho CFF, França LM, de Figueiredo Neto JA, Paes AMDA. Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:53. [PMID: 30061916 PMCID: PMC6057058 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of added sugars has been considered a worldwide public health concern by its association with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. Meanwhile, current studies have suggested high-protein diets to promote weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) intake on high-sucrose-fed rats. Methods Weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: rats fed a standard chow (CT/CT, 10% sucrose) or rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) for a 20-week observational period. Subsequently, HS/HS animals were randomized into 3 new groups: rats maintained on HSD diet (HS/HS); rats submitted to HSD replacement by standard chow (HS/CT); and those with HSD replaced by HPD (HS/HP). All groups were followed up for 12 weeks during which we investigated the effects of HPD on body weight, energy intake, obesity development, glicemic/lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, tissue weight (adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles), lipolytic activity, liver lipoperoxidation and histology, as well as serum markers of hepatic function. Results Post-weaning exposure to HSD led to metabolic syndrome phenotype at adulthood, herein characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Only HPD feeding was able to revert weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as restore adipose tissue lipolytic response to sympathetic stimulus. On the other hand, either HPD or withdrawal from HSD promoted very similar metabolic outcomes upon 12-week nutritional intervention. HS/HP and HS/CT rats showed reduced fasting serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, which were correlated with the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, as inferred from kITT and TyG Index values. Both nutritional interventions restored liver morphofunctional patterns, but only HPD restored lipid peroxidation. Conclusions Our data showed that 12-week intake of an isocaloric moderately high-protein diet consistently restored high-sucrose-induced central adiposity and obesity in addition to the attenuation of other important metabolic outcomes, such as improvement of glucolipid homeostasis associated to increased insulin sensitivity and reversal of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, simple withdrawal from high-sucrose consumption also promoted the abovementioned metabolic outcomes with no impact on body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Maria Lopes Sousa
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Jonas Rodrigues Sanches
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Mariana Uchôa da Silva
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto
- 2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil.,3Department of Medicine I, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azzout-Marniche D, Chalvon-Demersay T, Pimentel G, Chaumontet C, Nadkarni NA, Piedcoq J, Fromentin G, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Even PC. Obesity-prone high-fat-fed rats reduce caloric intake and adiposity and gain more fat-free mass when allowed to self-select protein from carbohydrate:fat intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1169-76. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that, for rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a prioritization of maintaining protein intake may increase energy consumption and hence result in obesity, particularly for individuals prone to obesity (“fat sensitive,” FS, vs. “fat resistant,” FR). Male Wistar rats ( n = 80) first received 3 wk of HFD (protein 15%, fat 42%, carbohydrate 42%), under which they were characterized as being FS ( n = 18) or FR ( n = 20) based on body weight gain. They then continued on the same HFD but in which protein (100%) was available separately from the carbohydrate:fat (50:50%) mixture. Under this second regimen, all rats maintained their previous protein intake, whereas intake of fat and carbohydrate was reduced by 50%. This increased protein intake to 26% and decreased fat intake to 37%. Adiposity gain was prevented in both FR and FS rats, and gain in fat-free mass was increased only in FS rats. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a protein meal, and their tissues and organs were collected for analysis of body composition and measurement of mRNA levels in the liver, adipose tissue, arcuate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens. FS rats had a higher expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue. These results show that FS rats strongly reduced food intake and adiposity gain through macronutrient selection, despite maintenance of a relatively high-fat intake and overexpression of genes favoring lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Chalvon-Demersay
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nachiket A. Nadkarni
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C. Even
- UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Intermittent access to a sucrose solution impairs metabolism in obesity-prone but not obesity-resistant mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Allerton TD, Primeaux SD. High-fat diet differentially regulates metabolic parameters in obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats and obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:206-215. [PMID: 26641537 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current experiment tested the hypothesis that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) would differentially affect metabolic parameters in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel (OM) and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl (S5B) rats. In OM rats consuming a HFD, an increase in HFD intake, body mass, and percent fat mass, and a HFD-induced decrease in metabolic rate and energy expenditure were demonstrated. In S5B rats consuming a HFD, no change in percent body fat or HFD intake was demonstrated and HFD increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure. To assess whether HFD differentially altered skeletal muscle markers of metabolism in OM and S5B rats, the expression of the transporters, CD36 and GLUT4, and the energy sensors, AMPK and PPARγ, in the gastrocnemius muscle was measured. Oxidation and lipid accumulation in the gastrocnemius muscle was histologically determined. Consumption of a HFD decreased phosphorylated AMPK and PPARγ expression in the skeletal muscle of obesity-prone OM rats. Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in OM rats fed a HFD. Overall, these data suggest that the differential response to HFD on metabolic rate, energy expenditure, and phosphorylated AMPK and PPARγ in OM and S5B rats, may partially account for differences in the susceptibility to develop obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Allerton
- a Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- a Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,b Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaumontet C, Azzout-Marniche D, Blais A, Chalvon-Dermersay T, Nadkarni NA, Piedcoq J, Fromentin G, Tomé D, Even PC. Rats Prone to Obesity Under a High-Carbohydrate Diet have Increased Post-Meal CCK mRNA Expression and Characteristics of Rats Fed a High-Glycemic Index Diet. Front Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26217667 PMCID: PMC4497311 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that rats prone to obesity exhibit an exaggerated increase in glucose oxidation and an exaggerated decline in lipid oxidation under a low-fat high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in these metabolic dysregulations. After a 1-week adaptation to laboratory conditions, 48 male Wistar rats were fed a LF/HC diet for 3 weeks. During weeks 2 and 3, glucose tolerance tests (GTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and meal tolerance tests (MTT) were performed to evaluate blood glucose, plasma, and insulin. Glucose and lipid oxidation were also assayed during the GTT. At the end of the study, body composition was measured in all the rats, and they were classified as carbohydrate resistant (CR) or carbohydrate sensitive (CS) according to their adiposity. Before sacrifice, 24 of the 48 rats received a calibrated LF/HC meal. Liver, muscle, and intestine tissue samples were taken to measure mRNA expression of key genes involved in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. ITT, GTT, and MTT showed that CS rats were neither insulin resistant nor glucose intolerant, but mRNA expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum was higher and that of CPT1, PPARα, and PGC1α in liver were lower than in CR rats. From these results, we make the hypothesis that in CS rats, CCK increased pancreatic secretion, which may favor a quicker absorption of carbohydrates and consequently induces an enhanced inhibition of lipid oxidation in the liver, leading to a progressive accumulation of fat preferentially in visceral deposits. Such a mechanism may explain why CS rats share many characteristics observed in rats fed a high-glycemic index diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, INRA, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, INRA, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | | | - Nachiket A Nadkarni
- Chaire Aliment, Nutrition, Comportement Alimentaire (ANCA), AgroParisTech , Paris , France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, INRA, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, INRA, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR914, CRNH-IdF, INRA, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soto M, Chaumontet C, Even PC, Nadkarni N, Piedcoq J, Darcel N, Tomé D, Fromentin G. Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 140:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Wang HF, Lin PP, Chen CH, Yeh YL, Huang CC, Huang CY, Tsai CC. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on cardiac apoptosis are mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT survival-signalling pathway in rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:460-70. [PMID: 25484003 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a high-fat diet, obesity leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis. In addition, there is no evidence that probiotics have potential health effects associated with cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. The present study aimed to explore the effects of probiotics on obesity and cardiac apoptosis in rats fed a high-fat diet (HF). Eight‑week‑old male Wistar rats were separated randomly into five equally sized experimental groups: Normal diet (NC) and high-fat diet (HFC) groups, and high-fat diet supplemented with low (HFL), medium (HFM) or high (HFH) doses of multi‑strain probiotics groups. The rats were subsequently studied for 8 weeks. Food intake and body weights were recorded following sacrifice, and food utilization rates, body fat and serum cholesterol levels were analysed. The myocardial architecture of the left ventricle was evaluated by hematoxylin‑eosin staining, and key apoptotic‑related pathway molecules were analysed by western blotting. Rat weights and triglyceride levels were decreased with oral administration of high doses of probiotics (HFH) compared to the HFC group. Abnormal myocardial architecture and enlarged interstitial spaces were observed in HFC hearts, but were significantly decreased in groups that were provided multi‑strain probiotics compared with NC hearts. Western blot analysis demonstrated that key components of the Fas receptor‑ and mitochondrial‑dependent apoptotic pathways were significantly suppressed in multi‑strain probiotic treated groups compared to the HF group. Additionally, cardiac insulin, such as the insulin‑like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR)‑dependent survival signalling components, were highly induced in left ventricles from rats administered probiotics. Together, these findings strongly suggest that oral administration of probiotics may attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activation of the phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase/AKT survival‑signalling pathway in obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Pei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Chih Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|