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Borges FO, Sampaio E, Santos CP, Rosa R. Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1240-1265. [PMID: 37468442 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from being one of the most fascinating groups of marine organisms, cephalopods play a major role in marine food webs, both as predators and as prey, while representing key living economic assets, namely for artisanal and subsistence fisheries worldwide. Recent research suggests that cephalopods are benefitting from ongoing environmental changes and the overfishing of certain fish stocks (i.e., of their predators and/or competitors), putting forward the hypothesis that this group may be one of the few "winners" of climate change. While many meta-analyses have demonstrated negative and overwhelming consequences of ocean warming (OW), acidification (OA), and their combination for a variety of marine taxa, such a comprehensive analysis is lacking for cephalopod molluscs. In this context, the existing literature was surveyed for peer-reviewed articles featuring the sustained (≥24 h) and controlled exposure of cephalopod species (Cephalopoda class) to these factors, applying a comparative framework of mixed-model meta-analyses (784 control-treatment comparisons, from 47 suitable articles). Impacts on a wide set of biological categories at the individual level (e.g., survival, metabolism, behavior, cell stress, growth) were evaluated and contrasted across different ecological attributes (i.e., taxonomic lineages, climates, and ontogenetic stages). Contrary to what is commonly assumed, OW arises as a clear threat to cephalopods, while OA exhibited more restricted impacts. In fact, OW impacts were ubiquitous across different stages of ontogeny, taxonomical lineages (i.e., octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish). These results challenge the assumption that cephalopods benefit from novel ocean conditions, revealing an overarching negative impact of OW in this group. Importantly, we also identify lingering literature gaps, showing that most studies to date focus on OW and early life stages of mainly temperate species. Our results raise the need to consolidate experimental efforts in a wider variety of taxa, climate regions, life stages, and other key environmental stressors, such as deoxygenation and hypoxia, to better understand how cephalopods will cope with future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Borges
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Catarina P Santos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Environmental Economics Knowledge Center, Nova School of Business and Economics, New University of Lisbon, Carcavelos 2775-405, Portugal
- Sphyrna Association, Boa Vista Island, Sal Rei, Cape Verde
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa1 749-016, Portugal
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Dias AMGC, Moreira IP, Lychko I, Lopes Soares C, Nurrito A, Moura Barbosa AJ, Lutz-Bueno V, Mezzenga R, Carvalho AL, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Hierarchical self-assembly of a reflectin-derived peptide. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267563. [PMID: 37810582 PMCID: PMC10552760 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflectins are a family of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in cephalopod camouflage, making them an interesting source for bioinspired optical materials. Understanding reflectin assembly into higher-order structures by standard biophysical methods enables the rational design of new materials, but it is difficult due to their low solubility. To address this challenge, we aim to understand the molecular self-assembly mechanism of reflectin's basic unit-the protopeptide sequence YMDMSGYQ-as a means to understand reflectin's assembly phenomena. Protopeptide self-assembly was triggered by different environmental cues, yielding supramolecular hydrogels, and characterized by experimental and theoretical methods. Protopeptide films were also prepared to assess optical properties. Our results support the hypothesis for the protopeptide aggregation model at an atomistic level, led by hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions mediated by tyrosine residues. Protopeptide-derived films were optically active, presenting diffuse reflectance in the visible region of the light spectrum. Hence, these results contribute to a better understanding of the protopeptide structural assembly, crucial for the design of peptide- and reflectin-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Gonçalves Carvalho Dias
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Pimentel Moreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Iana Lychko
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cátia Lopes Soares
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Arianna Nurrito
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Arménio Jorge Moura Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília Afonso Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Kuan PL, You JY, Wu GC, Tseng YC. Temperature increases induce metabolic adjustments in the early developmental stages of bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156962. [PMID: 35779738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes, such as extreme temperature shifts, can have a direct and significant impact on animals living in the ocean system. Ectothermic animals may undergo concerted metabolic shifts in response to ambient temperature changes. The physiological and molecular adaptations in cephalopods during their early life stages are largely unknown due to the challenge of rearing them outside of a natural marine environment. To overcome this obstacle, we established a pelagic bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) culture facility, which allowed us to monitor the effects of ambient thermal elevation and fluctuation on cephalopod embryos/larvae. By carefully observing embryonic development in the breeding facility, we defined 23 stages of bigfin reef squid embryonic development, beginning at stage 12 (blastocyst; 72 h post-egg laying) and continuing through hatching (~1 month post-egg laying). Since temperature recordings from the bigfin reef squid natural habitats have shown a steady rise over the past decade, we examined energy substrate utilization and cellular/metabolic responses in developing animals under different temperature conditions. As the ambient temperature increased by 7 °C, hatching larvae favored aerobic metabolism by about 2.3-fold. Short-term environmental warming stress inhibited oxygen consumption but did not affect ammonium excretion in stage (St.) 25 larvae. Meanwhile, an aerobic metabolism-related marker (CoxI) and a cellular stress-responsive marker (HSP70) were rapidly up-regulated upon acute warming treatments. In addition, our simulations of temperature oscillations mimicking natural daily rhythms did not result in significant changes in metabolic processes in St. 25 animals. As the ambient temperature increased by 7 °C, referred to as heatwave conditions, CoxI, HSP70, and antioxidant molecule (SOD) were stimulated, indicating the importance of cellular and metabolic adjustments. As with other aquatic species with high metabolic rates, squid larvae in the tropical/sub-tropical climate zone undergo adaptive metabolic shifts to maintain physiological functions and prevent excessive oxidative stress under environmental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pou-Long Kuan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yao You
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
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Genome-wide identification of the NHE gene family in Coilia nasus and its response to salinity challenge and ammonia stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:526. [PMID: 35858854 PMCID: PMC9297642 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In aquatic environments, pH, salinity, and ammonia concentration are extremely important for aquatic animals. NHE is a two-way ion exchange carrier protein, which can transport Na+ into cells and exchange out H+, and also plays key roles in regulating intracellular pH, osmotic pressure, and ammonia concentration. Results In the present study, ten NHEs, the entire NHE gene family, were identified from Coilia nasus genome and systemically analyzed via phylogenetic, structural, and synteny analysis. Different expression patterns of C. nasus NHEs in multiple tissues indicated that expression profiles of NHE genes displayed tissue-specific. Expression patterns of C. nasus NHEs were related to ammonia excretion during multiple embryonic development stages. To explore the potential functions on salinity challenge and ammonia stress, expression levels of ten NHEs were detected in C. nasus gills under hypotonic stress, hypertonic stress, and ammonia stress. Expression levels of all NHEs were upregulated during hypotonic stress, while they were downregulated during hypertonic stress. NHE2 and NHE3 displayed higher expression levels in C. nasus larvae and juvenile gills under ammonia stress. Conclusions Our study revealed that NHE genes played distinct roles in embryonic development, salinity stress, and ammonia exposure. Syntenic analysis showed significant difference between stenohaline fish and euryhaline fishes. Our findings will provide insight into effects of C. nasus NHE gene family on ion transport and ammonia tolerance and be beneficial for healthy aquaculture of C. nasus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08761-9.
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Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. High spatial resolution mapping of the mucosal proteome of the gills of Crassostrea virginica: implication in particle processing. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.233361. [PMID: 33431594 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the oyster Crassostrea virginica, the organization of the gill allows bidirectional particle transport where a dorsal gill tract directs particles meant to be ingested while a ventral tract collects particles intended to be rejected as pseudofeces. Previous studies showed that the transport of particles in both tracts is mediated by mucus. Consequently, we hypothesized that the nature and/or the quantity of mucosal proteins present in each tract is likely to be different. Using endoscopy-aided micro-sampling of mucus from each tract followed by multidimensional protein identification technologies, and in situ hybridization, a high spatial resolution mapping of the oyster gill proteome was generated. Results showed the presence in gill mucus of a wide range of molecules involved in non-self recognition and interactions with microbes. Mucus composition was different between the two tracts, with mucus from the ventral tract shown to be rich in mucin-like proteins, providing an explanation of its high viscosity, while mucus from the dorsal tract was found to be enriched in mannose-binding proteins, known to be involved in food particle binding and selection. Overall, this study generated high-resolution proteomes for C. virginica gill mucus and demonstrated that the contrasting functions of the two pathways present on oyster gills are associated with significant differences in their protein makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
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Zakroff CJ, Mooney TA. Antagonistic Interactions and Clutch-Dependent Sensitivity Induce Variable Responses to Ocean Acidification and Warming in Squid ( Doryteuthis pealeii) Embryos and Paralarvae. Front Physiol 2020; 11:501. [PMID: 32508680 PMCID: PMC7251416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and warming seas are significant concerns for coastal systems and species. The Atlantic longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, a core component of the Northwest Atlantic trophic web, has demonstrated impacts, such as reduced growth and delayed development, under high chronic exposure to acidification (2200 ppm), but the combined effects of OA and warming have not been explored in this species. In this study, D. pealeii egg capsules were reared under a combination of several acidification levels (400, 2200, and 3500 ppm) and temperatures (20 and 27°C). Hatchlings were measured for a range of metrics [dorsal mantle length (DML), yolk sac volume (YV), malformation, and hatching success] in three trials over the 2016 breeding season (May – October). Although notable resistance to stressors was seen, highlighting variability within and between clutches, reduced DML and malformation of the embryos occurred at the highest OA exposure. Surprisingly, increased temperatures did not appear to exacerbate OA impacts, although responses were variable. Time to hatching, which increased with acidification, decreased much more drastically under warming and, further, decreased or removed delays caused by acidification. Hatching success, while variable by clutch, showed consistent patterns of greater late stage loss of embryos under acidification and greater early stage loss under warming, highlighting the potential difference in timing between these stressors for this system, i.e., that acidification stress builds up and causes impacts over time within the egg capsule as the embryos grow and respire. High OA-exposed hatchlings from the warmer conditions often showed reduced impacts compared to those reared in ambient temperatures. This may be due to the increased developmental rate and subsequently reduced OA exposure time of embryos in the higher temperature treatment. These results indicate a substantive potential plasticity to multiple stressors during the embryonic development of this species of squid, but do not predict how this species would fare under these future ocean scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Zakroff
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
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Spady BL, Munday PL, Watson SA. Elevated seawater pCO 2 affects reproduction and embryonic development in the pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104812. [PMID: 31610954 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The oceans are absorbing additional carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and projected future CO2 levels and ocean acidification could have negative implications for many marine organisms, especially during early life stages. Cephalopods are ecologically important in marine ecosystems, yet the potential effects of increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in seawater on cephalopod reproduction and embryonic development are little studied. We allowed adult two-toned pygmy squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus) to breed in ambient control (~445 μatm; ~8.05 pHT) or elevated pCO2 conditions (~940 μatm; ~7.78 pHT) and compared reproductive traits in adults and developmental characteristics of their eggs, which remained in control or elevated pCO2 treatments until hatching. Breeding pairs at elevated pCO2 produced clutches with 40% fewer eggs, vitelli that were 14% smaller directly after spawning, embryos that were 5% smaller upon hatching, and eggs with an 8% increase in late-stage egg swelling compared with pairs at control conditions. Elevated pCO2 did not affect fertility, time to hatch, or hatching success. Eggs were laid 40% closer together in elevated pCO2 compared with control conditions, indicating a possible effect of elevated pCO2 on reproductive behaviour. These results show that elevated pCO2 can adversely affect reproduction and embryonic development of the two-toned pygmy squid. As the potential for adaptation is influenced by reproductive success, testing the capacity for squid to adapt to future ocean conditions should be a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Spady
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
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Spady BL, Nay TJ, Rummer JL, Munday PL, Watson SA. Aerobic performance of two tropical cephalopod species unaltered by prolonged exposure to projected future carbon dioxide levels. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz024. [PMID: 31198560 PMCID: PMC6554595 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Squid and many other cephalopods live continuously on the threshold of their environmental oxygen limitations. If the abilities of squid to effectively take up oxygen are negatively affected by projected future carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in ways similar to those demonstrated in some fish and invertebrates, it could affect the success of squid in future oceans. While there is evidence that acute exposure to elevated CO2 has adverse effects on cephalopod respiratory performance, no studies have investigated this in an adult cephalopod after relatively prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 or determined any effects on aerobic scope. Here, we tested the effects of prolonged exposure (≥20% of lifespan) to elevated CO2 levels (~1000 μatm) on the routine and maximal oxygen uptake rates, aerobic scope and recovery time of two tropical cephalopod species, the two-toned pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus and the bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Neither species exhibited evidence of altered aerobic performance after exposure to elevated CO2 when compared to individuals held at control conditions. The recovery time of I. pygmaeus under both control and elevated CO2 conditions was less than 1 hour, whereas S. lessoniana required approximately 8 hours to recover fully following maximal aerobic performance. This difference in recovery time may be due to the more sedentary behaviours of I. pygmaeus. The ability of these two cephalopod species to cope with prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 without detriment to their aerobic performance suggests some resilience to an increasingly high CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Spady
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tiffany J Nay
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Takagi W, Kajimura M, Tanaka H, Hasegawa K, Ogawa S, Hyodo S. Distributional shift of urea production site from the extraembryonic yolk sac membrane to the embryonic liver during the development of cloudy catshark ( Scyliorhinus torazame ). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 211:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Navarro MO, Kwan GT, Batalov O, Choi CY, Pierce NT, Levin LA. Development of Embryonic Market Squid, Doryteuthis opalescens, under Chronic Exposure to Low Environmental pH and [O2]. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167461. [PMID: 27936085 PMCID: PMC5147904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The market squid, Doryteuthis opalescens, is an important forage species for the inshore ecosystems of the California Current System. Due to increased upwelling and expansion of the oxygen minimum zone in the California Current Ecosystem, the inshore environment is expected to experience lower pH and [O2] conditions in the future, potentially impacting the development of seafloor-attached encapsulated embryos. To understand the consequences of this co-occurring environmental pH and [O2] stress for D. opalescens encapsulated embryos, we performed two laboratory experiments. In Experiment 1, embryo capsules were chronically exposed to a treatment of higher (normal) pH (7.93) and [O2] (242 μM) or a treatment of low pH (7.57) and [O2] (80 μM), characteristic of upwelling events and/or La Niña conditions. The low pH and low [O2] treatment extended embryo development duration by 5-7 days; embryos remained at less developed stages more often and had 54.7% smaller statolith area at a given embryo size. Importantly, the embryos that did develop to mature embryonic stages grew to sizes that were similar (non-distinct) to those exposed to the high pH and high [O2] treatment. In Experiment 2, we exposed encapsulated embryos to a single stressor, low pH (7.56) or low [O2] (85 μM), to understand the importance of environmental pH and [O2] rising and falling together for squid embryogenesis. Embryos in the low pH only treatment had smaller yolk reserves and bigger statoliths compared to those in low [O2] only treatment. These results suggest that D. opalescens developmental duration and statolith size are impacted by exposure to environmental [O2] and pH (pCO2) and provide insight into embryo resilience to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Navarro
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Garfield T. Kwan
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olga Batalov
- Division of Biological Science, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Y. Choi
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - N. Tessa Pierce
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Nödl MT, Kerbl A, Walzl MG, Müller GB, de Couet HG. The cephalopod arm crown: appendage formation and differentiation in the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes. Front Zool 2016; 13:44. [PMID: 27708680 PMCID: PMC5041568 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cephalopods are a highly derived class of molluscs that adapted their body plan to a more active and predatory lifestyle. One intriguing adaptation is the modification of the ventral foot to form a bilaterally symmetric arm crown, which constitutes a true morphological novelty in evolution. In addition, this structure shows many diversifications within the class of cephalopods and therefore offers an interesting opportunity to study the molecular underpinnings of the emergence of phenotypic novelties and their diversification. Here we use the sepiolid Euprymna scolopes as a model to study the formation and differentiation of the decabrachian arm crown, which consists of four pairs of sessile arms and one pair of retractile tentacles. We provide a detailed description of arm crown formation in order to understand the basic morphology and the developmental dynamics of this structure. RESULTS We show that the morphological formation of the cephalopod appendages occurs during distinct phases, including outgrowth, elongation, and tissue differentiation. Early outgrowth is characterized by uniform cell proliferation, while the elongation of the appendages initiates tissue differentiation. The latter progresses in a gradient from proximal to distal, whereas cell proliferation becomes restricted to the distal-most end of the arm. Differences in the formation of arms and tentacles exist, with the tentacles showing an expedite growth rate and higher complexity at younger stages. CONCLUSION The early outgrowth and differentiation of the E. scolopes arm crown shows similarities to the related, yet derived cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. Parallels in the growth and differentiation of appendages seem to exist throughout the animal kingdom, raising the question of whether these similarities reflect a recruitment of similar molecular patterning pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Nödl
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria ; Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 413, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Alexandra Kerbl
- Marine Biology Section - Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manfred G Walzl
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd B Müller
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Gert de Couet
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 413, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
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Hu MY, Hwang PP, Tseng YC. Recent advances in understanding trans-epithelial acid-base regulation and excretion mechanisms in cephalopods. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1064196. [PMID: 26716070 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods have evolved complex sensory systems and an active lifestyle to compete with fish for similar resources in the marine environment. Their highly active lifestyle and their extensive protein metabolism has led to substantial acid-base regulatory abilities enabling these organisms to cope with CO2 induced acid-base disturbances. In convergence to teleost, cephalopods possess an ontogeny-dependent shift in ion-regulatory epithelia with epidermal ionocytes being the major site of embryonic acid-base regulation and ammonia excretion, while gill epithelia take these functions in adults. Although the basic morphology and excretory function of gill epithelia in cephalopods were outlined almost half a century ago, modern immunohistological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights to the mechanistic basis of acid-base regulation and excretion of nitrogenous waste products (e.g. NH3/NH4 (+)) across ion regulatory epithelia of cephalopods. Using cephalopods as an invertebrate model, recent findings reveal partly conserved mechanisms but also novel aspects of acid-base regulation and nitrogen excretion in these exclusively marine animals. Comparative studies using a range of marine invertebrates will create a novel and exciting research direction addressing the evolution of pH regulatory and excretory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Y Hu
- Institute of Physiology; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel ; Kiel, Germany ; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology; Academia Sinica ; Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology; Academia Sinica ; Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Department of Life Science; National Taiwan Normal University ; Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hu MY, Guh YJ, Stumpp M, Lee JR, Chen RD, Sung PH, Chen YC, Hwang PP, Tseng YC. Branchial NH4+-dependent acid–base transport mechanisms and energy metabolism of squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) affected by seawater acidification. Front Zool 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens. WATER 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/w6082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bonnaud L, Franko D, Vouillot L, Bouteau F. A study of the electrical polarization of Sepia officinalis yolk envelope, a role for Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases in osmoregulation? Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e26035. [PMID: 24505501 PMCID: PMC3913672 DOI: 10.4161/cib.26035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis mate and spawn in the intertidal zone where eggs are exposed during low tide to osmotic stress. Embryonic outer yolk sac is a putative site for osmoregulation of young S. officinalis embryos. By using electrophysiological recordings and immunostaining we showed, (i) that the chorion is only a passive barrier for ions, since large molecules could not pass through it, (ii) that a complex transepithelial potential difference occurs through the yolk epithelium, (iii) that ionocyte-like cells and Na+/K+-ATPases were localized in the yolk epithelium and (iv) that ouabain sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase activity could participate to this yolk polarization. These data warrant further study on the role of ion transport systems of this epithelium in the osmoregulation processes in S. officinalis embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bonnaud
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle DMPA; UMR BOREA MNHN-CNRS 7208-IRD 207-UPMC; Paris, France ; Univ. Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Delphine Franko
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle DMPA; UMR BOREA MNHN-CNRS 7208-IRD 207-UPMC; Paris, France ; Univ. Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Léna Vouillot
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle DMPA; UMR BOREA MNHN-CNRS 7208-IRD 207-UPMC; Paris, France
| | - François Bouteau
- Univ. Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (FRE 3597); Paris, France
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Hu MY, Lee JR, Lin LY, Shih TH, Stumpp M, Lee MF, Hwang PP, Tseng YC. Development in a naturally acidified environment: Na+/H+-exchanger 3-based proton secretion leads to CO2 tolerance in cephalopod embryos. Front Zool 2013; 10:51. [PMID: 23988184 PMCID: PMC3844404 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of pH homeostasis is a central feature of all animals to cope with acid-base disturbances caused by respiratory CO2. Although a large body of knowledge is available for vertebrate and mammalian pH regulatory systems, the mechanisms of pH regulation in marine invertebrates remain largely unexplored. RESULTS We used squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana), which are known as powerful acid-base regulators to investigate the pH regulatory machinery with a special focus on proton secretion pathways during environmental hypercapnia. We cloned a Rhesus protein (slRhP), V-type H+-ATPase (slVHA) and the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (slNHE3) from S. lessoniana, which are hypothesized to represent key players in proton secretion pathways among different animal taxa. Specifically designed antibodies for S. lessoniana demonstrated the sub-cellular localization of NKA, VHA (basolateral) and NHE3 (apical) in epidermal ionocytes of early life stages. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that slNHE3, slVHA and slRhP are up regulated in response to environmental hypercapnia (pH 7.31; 0.46 kPa pCO2) in body and yolk tissues compared to control conditions (pH 8.1; 0.045 kPa pCO2). This observation is supported by H+ selective electrode measurements, which detected increased proton gradients in CO2 treated embryos. This compensatory proton secretion is EIPA sensitive and thus confirms the central role of NHE based proton secretion in cephalopods. CONCLUSION The present work shows that in convergence to teleosts and mammalian pH regulatory systems, cephalopod early life stages have evolved a unique acid-base regulatory machinery located in epidermal ionocytes. Using cephalopod molluscs as an invertebrate model this work provides important insights regarding the unifying evolutionary principles of pH regulation in different animal taxa that enables them to cope with CO2 induced acid-base disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Y Hu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jay-Ron Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Han Shih
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meike Stumpp
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Fong Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Gonzalez-Bellido PT, Wardill TJ. Labeling and confocal imaging of neurons in thick invertebrate tissue samples. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:969-983. [PMID: 22949711 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot069625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience researchers have long sought methods to describe the neural connectivity of the circuits responsible for specific behaviors. One major obstacle is scale: Neural spines can be <1 µm in diameter, but axons can range from millimeters to centimeters (or larger) in length, making tissue imaging and neuron reconstruction a challenging task. New tissue-clearing agents and long-working-distance objectives offer improved imaging conditions, and here we present a complete protocol for invertebrate tissue that uses these advances. In this protocol, tissue-processing steps previously published in separate articles are combined with recent advances in confocal imaging to visualize invertebrate tissue samples that are >500 µm thick and contain dye-filled neurons. The steps describe dye filling, fixing, antibody labeling, clearing, whole tissue mounting, and confocal imaging with matched refractive indexes. Thus, manual sectioning or "flipping" the tissue to image the whole volume is not required. With matched refractive indexes, loss of resolution and signal is avoided. Tissue volumes are imaged in one stack and nonlinear deformations caused by tissue flipping are prevented. We apply the protocol to whole dragonfly thoracic ganglia (2 × 1 × 0.6 mm) and cephalopod skin samples (20 × 2 × 0.6 mm) with minimal tissue deformation. The resulting images will be used to develop a three-dimensional connectivity atlas of dragonfly ganglia and cephalopod skin innervation. This protocol can be applied to other invertebrate species, and has the advantage that it avoids problems with antigen specificity.
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Strobel A, Hu MY, Gutowska MA, Lieb B, Lucassen M, Melzner F, Pörtner HO, Mark FC. Influence of Temperature, Hypercapnia, and Development on the Relative Expression of Different Hemocyanin Isoforms in the Common CuttlefishSepia officinalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 317:511-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Strobel
- Integrative Ecophysiology; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Bremerhaven; Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Zoology; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Mainz; Germany
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Integrative Ecophysiology; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Bremerhaven; Germany
| | - Frank Melzner
- Biological Oceanography; Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR); Kiel; Germany
| | - Hans O. Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Bremerhaven; Germany
| | - Felix C. Mark
- Integrative Ecophysiology; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Bremerhaven; Germany
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