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Granic A, Suetterlin K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds M, Sayer A. Hallmarks of ageing in human skeletal muscle and implications for understanding the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in women and men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1721-1751. [PMID: 37986616 PMCID: PMC10665130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nine classic, interdependent hallmarks of ageing have been proposed involving genetic and biochemical pathways that collectively influence ageing trajectories and susceptibility to pathology in humans. Ageing skeletal muscle undergoes profound morphological and physiological changes associated with loss of strength, mass, and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. The aetiology of sarcopenia is complex and whilst research in this area is growing rapidly, there is a relative paucity of human studies, particularly in older women. Here, we evaluate how the nine classic hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication contribute to skeletal muscle ageing and the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We also highlight five novel hallmarks of particular significance to skeletal muscle ageing: inflammation, neural dysfunction, extracellular matrix dysfunction, reduced vascular perfusion, and ionic dyshomeostasis, and discuss how the classic and novel hallmarks are interconnected. Their clinical relevance and translational potential are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Karen Suetterlin
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
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2
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Romero MA, Mumford PW, Roberson PA, Osburn SC, Young KC, Sedivy JM, Roberts MD. Translational Significance of the LINE-1 Jumping Gene in Skeletal Muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:185-193. [PMID: 35749745 PMCID: PMC9651911 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Retrotransposons are gene segments that proliferate in the genome, and the Long INterspersed Element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposon is active in humans. Although older mammals show enhanced skeletal muscle L1 expression, exercise generally reverses this trend. We hypothesize skeletal muscle L1 expression influences muscle physiology, and additional innovative investigations are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Petey W. Mumford
- Department of Exercise Science, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri USA
| | - Paul A. Roberson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Kaelin C. Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John M. Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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3
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Rigal J, Martin Anduaga A, Bitman E, Rivellese E, Kadener S, Marr MT. Artificially stimulating retrotransposon activity increases mortality and accelerates a subset of aging phenotypes in Drosophila. eLife 2022; 11:80169. [PMID: 35980024 PMCID: PMC9427105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile sequences of DNA that can become transcriptionally active as an animal ages. Whether TE activity is simply a by-product of heterochromatin breakdown or can contribute toward the aging process is not known. Here, we place the TE gypsy under the control of the UAS GAL4 system to model TE activation during aging. We find that increased TE activity shortens the life span of male Drosophila melanogaster. The effect is only apparent in middle-aged animals. The increase in mortality is not seen in young animals. An intact reverse transcriptase is necessary for the decrease in life span, implicating a DNA-mediated process in the effect. The decline in life span in the active gypsy flies is accompanied by the acceleration of a subset of aging phenotypes. TE activity increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and promotes a decline in circadian rhythmicity. The overexpression of the Forkhead-box O family (FOXO) stress response transcription factor can partially rescue the detrimental effects of increased TE activity on life span. Our results provide evidence that active TEs can behave as effectors in the aging process and suggest a potential novel role for dFOXO in its promotion of longevity in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Rigal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | | | - Elena Bitman
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Emma Rivellese
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | | | - Michael T Marr
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
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4
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Osburn SC, Mesquita P, Neal FK, Rumbley M, Holmes MT, Ruple BA, Mobley CB, Brown MD, McCullough DJ, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD. Long-term voluntary wheel running effects on markers of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain tissue of female rats. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C907-C919. [PMID: 35938680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the effects of long-term voluntary wheel running on markers of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (L1) in skeletal muscle, liver, and the hippocampus of female rats. Additionally, markers of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway that results in inflammation were interrogated. Female Lewis rats (n=34) were separated into one of three groups including a 6-month-old group to serve as a young comparator group (CTL, n=10), a group that had access to a running wheel for voluntary wheel running (EX, n=12), and an age-matched group that did not (SED, n=12). Both SED and EX groups were carried out from 6 months to 15 months of age. There were no significant differences in L1 mRNA expression for any of the tissues between groups. Methylation of the L1 promoter in the soleus and hippocampus was significantly higher in SED and EX compared to CTL (p<0.05). ORF1p expression was higher in older SED and EX rats compared to CTL for every tissue (p<0.05). There were no differences between groups for L1 mRNA or cGAS-STING pathway markers. Our results suggest there is an increased ORF1 protein expression across tissues with aging that is not mitigated by voluntary wheel running. Additionally, while previous data imply that L1 methylation changes may play a role in acute exercise for L1 RNA expression, this does not seem to occur during extended periods of voluntary wheel running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Paulo Mesquita
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Frances K Neal
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Melissa Rumbley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew T Holmes
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Bradley A Ruple
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael D Brown
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Danielle J McCullough
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
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5
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Osburn SC, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Mumford PW, Wiggins DA, McAdam JS, Drummer DJ, Bridges SL, Bamman MM, Roberts MD. Effects of end-stage osteoarthritis on markers of skeletal muscle Long INterspersed Element-1 activity. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:245. [PMID: 35799274 PMCID: PMC9264706 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Long INterspersed Element-1 (L1) is an autonomous transposable element in the genome. L1 transcripts that are not reverse transcribed back into the genome can accumulate in the cytoplasm and activate an inflammatory response via the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAS)-STING pathway. We examined skeletal muscle L1 markers as well as STING protein levels in 10 older individuals (63 ± 11 y, BMI = 30.2 ± 6.8 kg/m2) with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total hip (THA, n = 4) or knee (TKA, n = 6) arthroplasty versus 10 young, healthy comparators (Y, 22 ± 2 y, BMI = 23.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2). For OA, muscle was collected from surgical (SX) and contralateral (CTL) sides whereas single vastus lateralis samples were collected from Y. Results L1 mRNA was higher in CTL and SX compared to Y (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Protein expression was higher in SX versus Y for ORF1p (p = 0.002) and STING (p = 0.022). While these data are preliminary due to limited n-sizes and the lack of a BMI-matched younger control group, higher L1 mRNA expression, ORF1p and STING protein are evident in older versus younger adults. More research is needed to determine whether cGAS-STING signaling contributes to heightened muscle inflammation during aging and/or OA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06113-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 260, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthew A Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Roberson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Petey W Mumford
- School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO, USA
| | - Derek A Wiggins
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy S McAdam
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Devin J Drummer
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 260, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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6
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Yang N, Srivastav SP, Rahman R, Ma Q, Dayama G, Li S, Chinen M, Lei EP, Rosbash M, Lau NC. Transposable element landscapes in aging Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010024. [PMID: 35239675 PMCID: PMC8893327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms that repress transposable elements (TEs) in young animals decline during aging, as reflected by increased TE expression in aged animals. Does increased TE expression during aging lead to more genomic TE copies in older animals? To address this question, we quantified TE Landscapes (TLs) via whole genome sequencing of young and aged Drosophila strains of wild-type and mutant backgrounds. We quantified TLs in whole flies and dissected brains and validated the feasibility of our approach in detecting new TE insertions in aging Drosophila genomes when small RNA and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are compromised. We also describe improved sequencing methods to quantify extra-chromosomal DNA circles (eccDNAs) in Drosophila as an additional source of TE copies that accumulate during aging. Lastly, to combat the natural progression of aging-associated TE expression, we show that knocking down PAF1, a conserved transcription elongation factor that antagonizes RNAi pathways, may bolster suppression of TEs during aging and extend lifespan. Our study suggests that in addition to a possible influence by different genetic backgrounds, small RNA and RNAi mechanisms may mitigate genomic TL expansion despite the increase in TE transcripts during aging. Transposable elements, also called transposons, are genetic parasites found in all animal genomes. Normally, transposons are compacted away in silent chromatin in young animals. But, as animals age and transposon-silencing defense mechanisms break down, transposon RNAs accumulate to significant levels in old animals like fruit flies. An open question is whether the increased levels of transposon RNAs in older animals also correspond to increased genomic copies of transposons. This study approached this question by sequencing the whole genomes of young and old wild-type and mutant flies lacking a functional RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, which naturally silences transposon RNAs. Although the wild-type flies with intact RNAi activity had little new accumulation of transposon copies, the sequencing approach was able to detect several transposon accumulation occurrences in some RNAi mutants. In addition, we found that some fly transposon families can also accumulate as extra-chromosomal circular DNA copies. Lastly, we showed that genetically augmenting the expression of RNAi factors can counteract the rising transposon RNA levels in aging and promote longevity. This study improves our understanding of the animal host genome relationship with transposons during natural aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachen Yang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satyam P. Srivastav
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reazur Rahman
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qicheng Ma
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sizheng Li
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madoka Chinen
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elissa P. Lei
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston University Genome Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Roberts MD, Young KC, Fox CD, Vann CG, Roberson PA, Osburn SC, Moore JH, Mumford PW, Romero MA, Beck DT, Haun CT, Badisa VLD, Mwashote BM, Ibeanusi V, Kavazis AN. An optimized procedure for isolation of rodent and human skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. J Biol Methods 2020; 7:e127. [PMID: 32201709 PMCID: PMC7081056 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2020.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several published protocols exist for isolating contractile or myofibrillar (MF) proteins from skeletal muscle, however, achieving complete resuspension of the myofibril pellet can be technically challenging. We performed several previously published MF isolation methods with the intent of determining which method was most suitable for MF protein isolation and solubilization. Here, we provide an optimized protocol to isolate sarcoplasmic and solubilized MF protein fractions from mammalian skeletal muscle suitable for several downstream assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Paul A Roberson
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Petey W Mumford
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Darren T Beck
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Veera L D Badisa
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Benjamin M Mwashote
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Victor Ibeanusi
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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8
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Romero MA, Mumford PW, Roberson PA, Osburn SC, Parry HA, Kavazis AN, Gladden LB, Schwartz TS, Baker BA, Toedebusch RG, Childs TE, Booth FW, Roberts MD. Five months of voluntary wheel running downregulates skeletal muscle LINE-1 gene expression in rats. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1313-C1323. [PMID: 31618076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00301.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA and constitute approximately half of the human genome. LINE-1 (L1) is the only active autonomous TE in the mammalian genome and has been implicated in a number of diseases as well as aging. We have previously reported that skeletal muscle L1 expression is lower following acute and chronic exercise training in humans. Herein, we used a rodent model of voluntary wheel running to determine whether long-term exercise training affects markers of skeletal muscle L1 regulation. Selectively bred high-running female Wistar rats (n = 11 per group) were either given access to a running wheel (EX) or not (SED) at 5 wk of age, and these conditions were maintained until 27 wk of age. Thereafter, mixed gastrocnemius tissue was harvested and analyzed for L1 mRNA expression and DNA content along with other L1 regulation markers. We observed significantly (P < 0.05) lower L1 mRNA expression, higher L1 DNA methylation, and less L1 DNA in accessible chromatin regions in EX versus SED rats. We followed these experiments with 3-h in vitro drug treatments in L6 myotubes to mimic transient exercise-specific signaling events. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR; 4 mM) significantly decreased L1 mRNA expression in L6 myotubes. However, this effect was not facilitated through increased L1 DNA methylation. Collectively, these data suggest that long-term voluntary wheel running downregulates skeletal muscle L1 mRNA, and this may occur through chromatin modifications. Enhanced AMPK signaling with repetitive exercise bouts may also decrease L1 mRNA expression, although the mechanism of action remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hailey A Parry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | | | - Tonia S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Brent A Baker
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ryan G Toedebusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas E Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, Alabama
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