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Temporal Expression Profiles Reveal Potential Targets during Postembryonic Development of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050453. [PMID: 35621788 PMCID: PMC9143129 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) is a species of medical and forensic importance. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism during postembryonic development and identify specific genes that may serve as potential targets, transcriptome analysis was used to investigate its gene expression dynamics from the larval to pupal stages, based on our previous de novo-assembled genome of S. peregrina. Totals of 2457, 3656, 3764, and 2554 differentially expressed genes were identified. The specific genes encoding the structural constituent of cuticle were significantly differentially expressed, suggesting that degradation and synthesis of cuticle-related proteins might actively occur during metamorphosis. Molting (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) and juvenile (JH) hormone pathways were significantly enriched, and gene expression levels changed in a dynamic pattern during the developmental stages. In addition, the genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were significantly expressed at a high level during the larval stage, and down-regulated from the wandering to pupal stages. Weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) further demonstrated the potential regulation mechanism of tyrosine metabolism in the process of puparium tanning. Moreover, 10 consistently up-regulated genes were further validated by qRT-PCR. The utility of the models was then examined in a blind study, indicating the ability to predict larval development. The developmental, stage-specific gene profiles suggest novel molecular markers for age prediction of forensically important flies.
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Steffen JBM, Haider F, Sokolov EP, Bock C, Sokolova IM. Mitochondrial capacity and reactive oxygen species production during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272605. [PMID: 34697625 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen fluctuations are common in marine waters, and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) stress can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism. The long-lived ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is known for its hypoxia tolerance associated with metabolic rate depression, yet the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial function during oxygen fluctuations are not well understood. We used top-down metabolic control analysis (MCA) to determine aerobic capacity and control over oxygen flux in the mitochondria of quahogs exposed to short-term hypoxia (24 h <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h 21% O2) compared with normoxic control animals (21% O2). We demonstrated that flux capacity of the substrate oxidation and proton leak subsystems were not affected by hypoxia, while the capacity of the phosphorylation subsystem was enhanced during hypoxia associated with a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Reoxygenation decreased the oxygen flux capacity of all three mitochondrial subsystems. Control over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) respiration was mostly exerted by substrate oxidation regardless of H-R stress, whereas control by the proton leak subsystem of LEAK respiration increased during hypoxia and returned to normoxic levels during reoxygenation. During hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux was elevated in the LEAK state, whereas it was suppressed in the OXPHOS state. Mitochondrial ROS efflux returned to normoxic control levels during reoxygenation. Thus, mitochondria of A. islandica appear robust to hypoxia by maintaining stable substrate oxidation and upregulating phosphorylation capacity, but remain sensitive to reoxygenation. This mitochondrial phenotype might reflect adaptation of A. islandica to environments with unpredictable oxygen fluctuations and its behavioural preference for low oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B M Steffen
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fouzia Haider
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Sokolova I. Bioenergetics in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance of aquatic ectotherms: linking physiology and ecology in a multi-stressor landscape. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb236802. [PMID: 33627464 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism (encompassing energy assimilation, conversion and utilization) plays a central role in all life processes and serves as a link between the organismal physiology, behavior and ecology. Metabolic rates define the physiological and life-history performance of an organism, have direct implications for Darwinian fitness, and affect ecologically relevant traits such as the trophic relationships, productivity and ecosystem engineering functions. Natural environmental variability and anthropogenic changes expose aquatic ectotherms to multiple stressors that can strongly affect their energy metabolism and thereby modify the energy fluxes within an organism and in the ecosystem. This Review focuses on the role of bioenergetic disturbances and metabolic adjustments in responses to multiple stressors (especially the general cellular stress response), provides examples of the effects of multiple stressors on energy intake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, and discusses the conceptual and quantitative approaches to identify and mechanistically explain the energy trade-offs in multiple stressor scenarios, and link the cellular and organismal bioenergetics with fitness, productivity and/or ecological functions of aquatic ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sokolova
- Marine Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany .,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Cremonez PSG, Matsumoto JF, Andrello AC, Roggia S, Pinheiro DO, Neves PMOJ. Macro-elements in the hemolymph of adult Euschistus heros (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) treated with pyriproxyfen. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:47-51. [PMID: 30825637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Euschistus heros is an important pest in many crops in Brazil, and different control strategies, mainly involving chemicals, have been evaluated; however, the side effects of these chemicals on the balance of inorganic element levels in the hemolymph are unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the concentration of inorganic elements (focusing on macro-elements) in the hemolymph of female and male E. heros adults, after applying pyriproxyfen at a sublethal concentration (LC30 = 6.68 mL L-1 diluted in distilled water) to 4th instar nymphs, which were kept in controlled conditions. The hemolymph pool was removed 48 h after adult emergence, centrifuged and placed on an acrylic disk added with Gallium as internal standard for the analysis of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elements in the control treatment did not differ between females and males. However, following insecticide application to females and males, respectively, there was a significant increase in sulfur (19 and 51%), chlorine (33 and 137%) and calcium (47 and 82%) in the hemolymph. The significantly higher increase in macro-elements in males' hemolymph indicates that the action of pyriproxyfen may be sex-specific. Phosphorus and potassium concentrations also differed between females and males in the control and treated groups. The observed variation in inorganic elements in the insect's hemolymph may be related to the unknown effects of pyriproxyfen, mainly on immune and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S G Cremonez
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Janaina F Matsumoto
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Avacir C Andrello
- Department of Physics, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Roggia
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Soja, Rod. Carlos João Strass, PR-545, s/n, Acesso Orlando Amaral, Mailbox: 23, Warta, 86001-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
| | - Daniela O Pinheiro
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Pedro M O J Neves
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
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Ivanina AV, Nesmelova I, Leamy L, Sokolov EP, Sokolova IM. Intermittent hypoxia leads to functional reorganization of mitochondria and affects cellular bioenergetics in marine molluscs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:1659-74. [PMID: 27252455 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuations in oxygen (O2) concentrations represent a major challenge to aerobic organisms and can be extremely damaging to their mitochondria. Marine intertidal molluscs are well-adapted to frequent O2 fluctuations, yet it remains unknown how their mitochondrial functions are regulated to sustain energy metabolism and prevent cellular damage during hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). We used metabolic control analysis to investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial responses to H/R stress (18 h at <0.1% O2 followed by 1 h of reoxygenation) using hypoxia-tolerant intertidal clams Mercenaria mercenaria and hypoxia-sensitive subtidal scallops Argopecten irradians as models. We also assessed H/R-induced changes in cellular energy balance, oxidative damage and unfolded protein response to determine the potential links between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular injury. Mitochondrial responses to H/R in scallops strongly resembled those in other hypoxia-sensitive organisms. Exposure to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation led to a strong decrease in the substrate oxidation (SOX) and phosphorylation (PHOS) capacities as well as partial depolarization of mitochondria of scallops. Elevated mRNA expression of a reactive oxygen species-sensitive enzyme aconitase and Lon protease (responsible for degradation of oxidized mitochondrial proteins) during H/R stress was consistent with elevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria of scallops. In hypoxia-tolerant clams, mitochondrial SOX capacity was enhanced during hypoxia and continued rising during the first hour of reoxygenation. In both species, the mitochondrial PHOS capacity was suppressed during hypoxia, likely to prevent ATP wastage by the reverse action of FO,F1-ATPase. The PHOS capacity recovered after 1 h of reoxygenation in clams but not in scallops. Compared with scallops, clams showed a greater suppression of energy-consuming processes (such as protein turnover and ion transport) during hypoxia, indicated by inactivation of the translation initiation factor EIF-2α, suppression of 26S proteasome activity and a dramatic decrease in the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. The steady-state levels of adenylates were preserved during H/R exposure and AMP-dependent protein kinase was not activated in either species, indicating that the H/R exposure did not lead to severe energy deficiency. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial reorganizations sustaining high oxidative phosphorylation flux during recovery, combined with the ability to suppress ATP-demanding cellular functions during hypoxia, may contribute to high resilience of clams to H/R stress and help maintain energy homeostasis during frequent H/R cycles in the intertidal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Ivanina
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Irina Nesmelova
- Department of Physics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Larry Leamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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VenkatRao V, Chaitanya RK, Naresh Kumar D, Bramhaiah M, Dutta-Gupta A. Developmental and hormone-induced changes of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activities during the last instar larval development of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:32-39. [PMID: 26709029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The energy demand for structural remodelling in holometabolous insects is met by cellular mitochondria. Developmental and hormone-induced changes in the mitochondrial respiratory activity during insect metamorphosis are not well documented. The present study investigates activities of enzymes of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) namely, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I, Succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex II, Ubiquinol:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III, cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV and F1F0ATPase (ATPase), during Chilo partellus development. Further, the effect of juvenile hormone (JH) analog, methoprene, and brain and corpora-allata-corpora-cardiaca (CC-CA) homogenates that represent neurohormones, on the ETC enzyme activities was monitored. The enzymatic activities increased from penultimate to last larval stage and thereafter declined during pupal development with an exception of ATPase which showed high enzyme activity during last larval and pupal stages compared to the penultimate stage. JH analog, methoprene differentially modulated ETC enzyme activities. It stimulated complex I and IV enzyme activities, but did not alter the activities of complex II, III and ATPase. On the other hand, brain homogenate declined the ATPase activity while the injected CC-CA homogenate stimulated complex I and IV enzyme activities. Cumulatively, the present study is the first to show that mitochondrial ETC enzyme system is under hormone control, particularly of JH and neurohormones during insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V VenkatRao
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - R K Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - D Naresh Kumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - M Bramhaiah
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - A Dutta-Gupta
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Hu D, Luo W, Fan LF, Liu FL, Gu J, Deng HM, Zhang C, Huang LH, Feng QL. Dynamics and regulation of glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid metabolism in the midgut of Spodoptera litura during metamorphosis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:153-162. [PMID: 26683413 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes usually take place in the internal metabolism of insects during metamorphosis. The glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid (glycolysis-TCA) pathway is important for energy metabolism. To elucidate its dynamics, the mRNA levels of genes involved in this pathway were examined in the midgut of Spodoptera litura during metamorphosis, and the pyruvate content was quantified. The expression patterns of these genes in response to starvation were examined, and the interaction between protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) was studied. The results revealed that the expression or activities of most glycolytic enzymes was down-regulated in prepupae and then recovered in some degree in pupae, and all TCA-related genes were remarkably suppressed in both the prepupae and pupae. Pyruvate was enriched in the pupal midgut. Taken together, these results suggest that insects decrease both glycolysis and TCA in prepupae to save energy and then up-regulate glycolysis but down-regulate TCA in pupae to increase the supply of intermediates for construction of new organs. The expression of all these genes were down-regulated by starvation, indicating that non-feeding during metamorphosis may be a regulator of glycolysis-TCA pathway in the midgut. Importantly, interaction between PP1 and PFK was identified and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L F Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F L Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L H Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q L Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Akbar SMD, Sreeramulu K, Sharma HC. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching as a binding assay to monitor protein conformation changes in the membrane of intact mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:241-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pandey PK, Jamal F. Bio-potency of a 21 kDa Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus indica seeds on the developmental physiology of H. armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:94-102. [PMID: 25454525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor purified from the seeds of Tamarindus indica by Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sepharose and Trypsin-Sepharose CL-4B columns was studied for its antifeedant, larvicidal, pupicidal and growth inhibitory activities against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Tamarindus trypsin inhibitor (TTI) exhibited inhibitory activity towards total gut proteolytic enzymes of H. armigera (~87%) and bovine trypsin (~84%). Lethal doses which caused mortality and weight reduction by 50% were 1% w/w and 0.50% w/w, respectively. IC50 of TTI against Helicoverpa midgut proteases and bovine trypsin were ~2.10 µg/ml and 1.68 µg/ml respectively. In larval feeding studies the 21 kDa Kunitz-type protein was found to retard growth and development, prolonged the larval-pupal development durations along with adversely affecting the fertility and fecundity of H. armigera. In artificial diet at 0.5% w/w TTI, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food as well as of digested food, relative growth rate, growth index declined whereas approximate digestibility, metabolic cost, relative consumption rate, consumption index and total developmental period enhanced for H. armigera larvae. These results suggest that TTI has toxic and adverse effect on the developmental physiology of H. armigera and could be useful in controlling the pest H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry [DST-FIST UGC-SAP Supported], Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry [DST-FIST UGC-SAP Supported], Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India.
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Wang TH, Jian CH, Hsieh YK, Wang FN, Wang CF. Spatial distributions of inorganic elements in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and possible relationships to dietary habits and surrounding environmental pollutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5009-5015. [PMID: 23646931 DOI: 10.1021/jf400695w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was adopted to determine the distribution of inorganic elements, including Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, S, P, Pb, and Zn, in honeybees (Apis melifera L.). Two features are particularly noteworthy. First, it was found there is a significant amount of Fe located at the fringe of the abdomen in worker bees; ultrasonic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that it arose from magnetic Fe-bearing nanoparticles (NPs) having an average diameter of approximately 40 nm. Interestingly, only worker bees contained these magnetic Fe-bearing NPs; no similar features appeared in larvae, pupae, wasps, or drones. Second, a detectable amount of Pb accumulated particularly in the alimentary canals of worker bees. Again, no detectable amounts of Pb in larvae, pupae, drones, or wasps, yet a level of 0.24 ± 0.05 mg/kg of Pb in pollen; therefore, the diet appears to be the primary pathway for environmental pollutants entering the honeybees' food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsing-Hai Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Environment Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
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Evidence for Involvement of Uncoupling Proteins in Cerebral Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency of Rats Exposed to 5,000 m High Altitude. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:282-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Interaction of plant cell signaling molecules, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, with the mitochondria of Helicoverpa armigera. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:233-41. [PMID: 22286372 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous pest in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean Europe. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the cell signaling molecules produced in response to insect attack in plants. The effect of these signaling molecules was investigated on the oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress of H. armigera. SA significantly inhibited the state III and state IV respiration, respiratory control index (RCI), respiratory complexes I and II, induced mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release in vitro. Under in vivo conditions, SA induced state IV respiration as well as oxidative stress in time- and dose-dependent manner, and also inhibited the larval growth. In contrast, JA did not affect the mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress. SA affected the growth and development of H. armigera, in addition to its function as signaling molecules involved in both local defense reactions at feeding sites and the induction of systemic acquired resistance in plants.
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Kurochkin IO, Etzkorn M, Buchwalter D, Leamy L, Sokolova IM. Top-down control analysis of the cadmium effects on molluscan mitochondria and the mechanisms of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R21-31. [PMID: 20844261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00279.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and an important environmental pollutant that can strongly affect mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in animals. We investigated the mechanisms of Cd action on mitochondrial function of a marine mollusk (the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica) by performing a top-down control analysis of the three major mitochondrial subsystems (substrate oxidation, proton leak, and phosphorylation). Our results showed that the substrate oxidation and proton leak subsystems are the main targets for Cd toxicity in oyster mitochondria. Exposure to 12.5 μM Cd strongly inhibited the substrate oxidation subsystem and stimulated the proton conductance across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Proton conductance was also elevated and substrate oxidation inhibited by Cd in the presence of a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, MitoVitE, indicating that Cd effects on these subsystems were to a large extent ROS independent. Cd did not affect the kinetics of the phosphorylation system, indicating that it has negligible effects on F₁, F(O) ATP synthase and/or the adenine nucleotide transporter in oyster mitochondria. Cd exposure altered the patterns of control over mitochondrial respiration, increasing the degree of control conferred by the substrate oxidation subsystem, especially in resting (state 4) mitochondria. Taken together, these data suggest that Cd-induced decrease of mitochondrial efficiency and ATP production are predominantly driven by the high sensitivity of substrate oxidation and proton leak subsystems to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya O Kurochkin
- Dept. of Biology, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA
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Pinheiro D, Zucchi T, Zucchi O, Nascimento Filho V, Almeida E, Cônsoli F. Inorganic elements in the fat bodies of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae parasitized by Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 156:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chamberlin ME. Changes in mitochondrial electron transport chain activity during insect metamorphosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R1016-22. [PMID: 17008455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00553.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) is a highly aerobic tissue that is destroyed by programmed cell death during larval-pupal metamorphosis. The death of the epithelium begins after commitment to pupation, and the oxygen consumption of isolated midgut mitochondria decreases soon after commitment. To assess the role of the electron transport chain in this decline in mitochondrial function, the maximal activities of complexes I-IV of the respiratory chain were measured in isolated midgut mitochondria. Whereas there were no developmental changes in the activity of complex I or III, activities of complexes II and IV [cytochrome c oxidase (COX)] were higher in mitochondria from precommitment than postcommitment larvae. This finding is consistent with a higher rate of succinate oxidation in mitochondria isolated from precommitment larvae and reveals that the metamorphic decline in mitochondrial respiration is due to the targeted destruction or inactivation of specific sites within the mitochondria, rather than the indiscriminate destruction of the organelles. The COX turnover number (e- x s(-1) x cytochrome aa3(-1)) was greater for the enzyme from precommitment than postcommitment larvae, indicating a change in the enzyme structure and/or its lipid environment during the early stages of metamorphosis. The turnover number of COX in the intact mitochondria (in organello COX) was also lower in postcommitment larvae. In addition to changes in the protein or membrane phospholipids, the metamorphic decline in this rate constant may be a result of the observed loss of endogenous cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Chamberlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Chamberlin ME. Top-down control analysis of the effect of temperature on ectotherm oxidative phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R794-800. [PMID: 15191905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Top-down control and elasticity analysis was conducted on mitochondria isolated from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta) to assess how temperature affects oxidative phosphorylation in a eurythermic ectotherm. Oxygen consumption and protonmotive force (measured as membrane potential in the presence of nigericin) were monitored at 15, 25, and 35°C. State 4 respiration displayed a Q10of 2.4–2.7 when measured over two temperature ranges (15–25°C and 25–35°C). In state 3, the Q10s for respiration were 2.0 and 1.7 for the lower and higher temperature ranges, respectively. The kinetic responses (oxygen consumption) of the substrate oxidation system, proton leak, and phosphorylation system increased as temperature rose, although the proton leak and substrate oxidation system showed the greatest thermal sensitivity. Whereas there were temperature-induced changes in the activities of the oxidative phosphorylation subsystems, there was no change in the state 4 membrane potential and little change in the state 3 membrane potential. Top-down control analysis revealed that control over respiration did not change with temperature. In state 4, control of respiration was shared nearly equally by the proton leak and the substrate oxidation system, whereas in state 3 the substrate oxidation system exerted over 90% of the control over respiration. The proton leak and phosphorylation system account for <10% of the temperature-induced change in the state 3 respiration rate. Therefore, when the temperature is changed, the state 3 respiration rate is altered primarily because of temperature's effect on the substrate oxidation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Chamberlin
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Suarez RK. Control analysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics and programmed cell death: the Krogh principle in practice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R276. [PMID: 15271678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00270.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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