1
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Garrett EJ, Prasad SK, Schweizer RM, McClelland GB, Scott GR. Evolved changes in phenotype across skeletal muscles in deer mice native to high altitude. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R297-R310. [PMID: 38372126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The cold and hypoxic conditions at high altitude necessitate high metabolic O2 demands to support thermogenesis while hypoxia reduces O2 availability. Skeletal muscles play key roles in thermogenesis, but our appreciation of muscle plasticity and adaptation at high altitude has been hindered by past emphasis on only a small number of muscles. We examined this issue in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Mice derived from both high-altitude and low-altitude populations were born and raised in captivity and then acclimated as adults to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (12 kPa O2 for 6-8 wk). Maximal activities of citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 20 muscles involved in shivering, locomotion, body posture, ventilation, and mastication. Principal components analysis revealed an overall difference in muscle phenotype between populations but no effect of hypoxia acclimation. High-altitude mice had greater activities of mitochondrial enzymes and/or lower activities of PK or LDH across many (but not all) respiratory, limb, core and mastication muscles compared with low-altitude mice. In contrast, chronic hypoxia had very few effects across muscles. Further examination of CS in the gastrocnemius showed that population differences in enzyme activity stemmed from differences in protein abundance and mRNA expression but not from population differences in CS amino acid sequence. Overall, our results suggest that evolved increases in oxidative capacity across many skeletal muscles, at least partially driven by differences in transcriptional regulation, may contribute to high-altitude adaptation in deer mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Most previous studies of muscle plasticity and adaptation in high-altitude environments have focused on a very limited number of skeletal muscles. Comparing high-altitude versus low-altitude populations of deer mice, we show that a large number of muscles involved in shivering, locomotion, body posture, ventilation, and mastication exhibit greater mitochondrial enzyme activities in the high-altitude population. Therefore, evolved increases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity across skeletal muscles contribute to high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Garrett
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srikripa K Prasad
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rena M Schweizer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States
| | | | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Seebacher F, Bamford SM, Le Roy A. Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity: developmental temperatures of mothers and fathers have different effects on sons and daughters. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245798. [PMID: 37293931 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Each parent can influence offspring phenotype via provisioning of the zygote or sex-specific DNA methylation. Transgenerational plasticity may therefore depend on the environmental conditions experienced by each parent. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a fully factorial experiment across three generations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), determining the effects of warm (28°C) and cold (21°C) thermal backgrounds of mothers and fathers on mass and length, and thermal performance (sustained and sprint swimming speeds, citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activities; 18, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C test temperatures) of sons and daughters. Offspring sex was significant for all traits except for sprint speed. Warmer mothers produced sons and daughters with reduced mass and length, and warmer fathers produced shorter sons. Sustained swimming speed (Ucrit) of male offspring was greatest when both parents were raised at 28°C, and warmer fathers produced daughters with greater Ucrit. Similarly, warmer fathers produced sons and daughters with greater metabolic capacity. We show that the thermal variation experienced by parents can modify offspring phenotype, and that predicting the impacts of environmental change on populations would require knowledge of the thermal background of each mother and father, particularly where sexes are spatially segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Bamford
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amelie Le Roy
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Del Vecchio G, Galindo-Sánchez CE, Tripp-Valdez MA, López-Landavery EA, Rosas C, Mascaró M. Transcriptomic response in thermally challenged seahorses Hippocampus erectus: The effect of magnitude and rate of temperature change. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110771. [PMID: 35691555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus erectus inhabiting the shallow coastal waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico are naturally exposed to marked temperature variations occurring in different temporal scales. Under such heterogeneous conditions, a series of physiological and biochemical adjustments take place to restore and maintain homeostasis. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of H. erectus to increased temperature using transcriptome analysis based on RNA-Seq technology. Data was obtained from seahorses after 0.5-h exposure to combinations of different target temperatures (26 °C: control, and increased to 30 and 33 °C) and rates of thermal increase (abrupt: < 5 min; gradual: 1-1.5 °C every 3 h). The transcriptome of seahorses was assembled de novo using Trinity software to obtain 29,211 genes and 30,479 transcripts comprising 27,520,965 assembled bases. Seahorse exposure to both 30 and 33 °C triggered characteristic processes of the cellular stress response, regardless of the rate of thermal change. The transcriptomic profiles of H. erectus suggest an arrest of muscle development processes, the activation of heat shock proteins, and a switch to anaerobic metabolism within the first 0.5 h of exposure to target temperatures to ensure energy supply. Interestingly, apoptotic processes involving caspase were activated principally in gradual treatments, suggesting that prolonged exposure to even sublethal temperatures results in the accumulation of deleterious effects that may eventually terminate in cellular death. Results herein validate 30 °C and 33 °C as potential upper limits of thermal tolerance for H. erectus at the southernmost boundary of its geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Del Vecchio
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C E Galindo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. https://twitter.com/ClaraGalindo3
| | - M A Tripp-Valdez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. https://twitter.com/MiguelTripp
| | - E A López-Landavery
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. https://twitter.com/EdgarLo30205255
| | - C Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico. https://twitter.com/DrCarlosRosasV
| | - M Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
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4
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Niu J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Hu J, Cai L, Zhang R, Zhang H. Complete mitochondrial genome of the wild Diptychus maculatus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracinae) from Yeken River using next generation sequencing and the phylogenetic relationship of Cyprinidae species. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:742-743. [PMID: 33366729 PMCID: PMC7748880 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1715288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the wild Diptychus maculatus collected from Yeken River was determined using next generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,765 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB, and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed that D. maculatus clustered into one separate branch which is close to genus Gymnodiptychus from the same subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Niu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangwei Hu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingang Cai
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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5
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Niu J, Zhang T, Liu H, Hu J, Zhang R, Zhang H. Complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Gymnodiptychus dybowskii (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracinae) from Ili River by high-throughput sequencing and the phylogenetic relationship of Schizothoracinae species. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:509-510. [PMID: 33366624 PMCID: PMC7748778 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1704663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Gymnodiptychus dybowskii collected from Ili River was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,657bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed that G. dybowskii clustered into one branch with the species from the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Niu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiangwei Hu
- Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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6
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Dumesic PA, Egan DF, Gut P, Tran MT, Parisi A, Chatterjee N, Jedrychowski M, Paschini M, Kazak L, Wilensky SE, Dou F, Bogoslavski D, Cartier JA, Perrimon N, Kajimura S, Parikh SM, Spiegelman BM. An Evolutionarily Conserved uORF Regulates PGC1α and Oxidative Metabolism in Mice, Flies, and Bluefin Tuna. Cell Metab 2019; 30:190-200.e6. [PMID: 31105043 PMCID: PMC6620024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abundance and function are tightly controlled during metabolic adaptation but dysregulated in pathological states such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, and kidney disease. We show here that translation of PGC1α, a key governor of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, is negatively regulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5' untranslated region of its gene (PPARGC1A). We find that uORF-mediated translational repression is a feature of PPARGC1A orthologs from human to fly. Strikingly, whereas multiple inhibitory uORFs are broadly present in fish PPARGC1A orthologs, they are completely absent in the Atlantic bluefin tuna, an animal with exceptionally high mitochondrial content. In mice, an engineered mutation disrupting the PPARGC1A uORF increases PGC1α protein levels and oxidative metabolism and confers protection from acute kidney injury. These studies identify a translational regulatory element governing oxidative metabolism and highlight its potential contribution to the evolution of organismal mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Dumesic
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel F Egan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philipp Gut
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mei T Tran
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alice Parisi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nirmalya Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Mark Jedrychowski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Florence Dou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Zak MA, Manzon RG. Expression and activity of lipid and oxidative metabolism enzymes following elevated temperature exposure and thyroid hormone manipulation in juvenile lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 275:51-64. [PMID: 30721659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature has unequivocal effects on several aspects of fish physiology, but the full extent of its interaction with key endocrine signaling systems to influence metabolic function remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to assess the individual and combined effects of elevated temperature and hyperthyroidism on hepatic metabolism in juvenile lake whitefish by quantifying mRNA abundance and activity of key metabolic enzymes. Fish were exposed to 13 (control), 17 or 21 °C for 0, 4, 8 or 24 days in the presence or absence of low-T4 (1 µg × g body weight-1) or high-T4 (10 µg × g body weight-1) treatment. Our results demonstrate moderate sensitivity to elevated temperature in this species, characterized by short-term changes in mRNA abundance of several metabolic enzymes and long-term declines in citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities. T4-induced hyperthyroidism also had several short-term effects on mRNA abundance of metabolic transcripts, including depressions in acetyl-coA carboxylase β (accβ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (cpt1β), and stabilization of cs mRNA levels; however, these effects were primarily limited to elevated temperature groups, indicating temperature-dependent effects of exogenous T4 treatment in this species. In contrast, maximal CS and COX activities were not altered by hyperthyroidism at any temperature. Collectively, our data suggest that temperature has the potential to manipulate thyroid hormone physiology in juvenile lake whitefish and, under warm-conditions, hyperthyroidism may suppress certain elements of the β-oxidation pathway without substantial impacts on overall cellular oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Zak
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Richard G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
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8
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Twort VG, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. New Zealand Tree and Giant Wētā (Orthoptera) Transcriptomics Reveal Divergent Selection Patterns in Metabolic Loci. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1293-1306. [PMID: 30957857 PMCID: PMC6486805 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low temperatures requires an organism to overcome physiological challenges. New Zealand wētā belonging to the genera Hemideina and Deinacrida are found across a wide range of thermal environments and therefore subject to varying selective pressures. Here we assess the selection pressures across the wētā phylogeny, with a particular emphasis on identifying genes under positive or diversifying selection. We used RNA-seq to generate transcriptomes for all 18 Deinacrida and Hemideina species. A total of 755 orthologous genes were identified using a bidirectional best-hit approach, with the resulting gene set encompassing a diverse range of functional classes. Analysis of ortholog ratios of synonymous to nonsynonymous amino acid changes found 83 genes that are under positive selection for at least one codon. A wide variety of Gene Ontology terms, enzymes, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways are represented among these genes. In particular, enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, melanin synthesis, and free-radical scavenging are represented, consistent with physiological and metabolic changes that are associated with adaptation to alpine environments. Structural alignment of the transcripts with the most codons under positive selection revealed that the majority of sites are surface residues, and therefore have the potential to influence the thermostability of the enzyme, with the exception of prophenoloxidase where two residues near the active site are under selection. These proteins provide interesting candidates for further analysis of protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Twort
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas R Buckley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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9
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Dalziel AC, Laporte M, Guderley H, Bernatchez L. Do differences in the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes between Lake Whitefish ecotypes match predictions from transcriptomic studies? Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The spatial density of mitochondria was studied by thin-section electron microscopy in
smooth muscles of bladder, iris and gut in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and sheep. Morphometric
data included areas of muscle cell profiles (~6,000 muscle cells were measured) and areas
of their mitochondria (more than three times as many). The visual method delivers accurate
estimates of the extent of the chondrioma (the ensemble of mitochondria in a cell),
measuring all and only the mitochondria in each muscle cell and no other cells. The
digital records obtained can be used again for checks and new searches. Spatial density of
mitochondria varies between about 2 and 10% in different muscles in different species. In
contrast, there is consistency of mitochondrial density within a given muscle in a given
species. For each muscle in each species there is a characteristic mitochondrial density
with modest variation between experiments. On the basis of data from serial sections in
the rat detrusor muscle, mitochondrial density varies very little between the muscle
cells, each cell having a value close to that for the whole muscle. Mitochondrial density
is different in a given muscle, e.g., ileal circular muscle, from the four mammalian
species, with highest values in mouse and lowest in sheep; in mice the mitochondrial
density is nearly three time higher that in sheep. In a given species there are
characteristic variations between different muscles. For example, the bladder detrusor
muscle has markedly fewer mitochondria than the ileum, and the iris has markedly more.
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11
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Zhang H, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the larval Bombay duck Harpodon nehereus (Aulopiformes, Synodontidae) from Yangtze estuary and the phylogenetic relationship of Synodontidae species. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:657-658. [PMID: 33490528 PMCID: PMC7800370 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1476070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Harpodon nehereus collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,536 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most marine bony fishes. The NJ tree showed that H. nehereus clustered in a branch close to the species from the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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12
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Zhang H, Xian W. Complete mitochondrial genome of the larval Syngnathus schlegeli (Gasterosteiformes, Syngnathidae) from Yangtze estuary and the phylogenetic relationship of genus Syngnathus. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:655-656. [PMID: 33474273 PMCID: PMC7800065 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1476069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larval Syngnathus schlegeli collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,465 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most marine bony fishes. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed that S. schlegeli clustered in a branch close to the species from the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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13
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Le Roy A, Seebacher F. Transgenerational effects and acclimation affect dispersal in guppies. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Le Roy
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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14
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Zhang H, Wang W, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of Anguilla japonica (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae) collected from Yangtze estuary and the phylogenetic relationship in genus Anguilla. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4421-4422. [PMID: 26486487 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1089553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Anguilla japonica collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16 715 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes. The phylogenetic tree in the genus Anguilla showed that A. japonica clustered in a separate branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Wen Wang
- b Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China , and.,c Shandong Technological Center of Oceanographic Instrumentation , Qingdao , China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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15
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Li Y, Chen C, Yu H, Peng S, Sun S, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Y, Kong X. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:3921-3922. [PMID: 25489781 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.987266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii collected from Sea of Japan was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,529 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Li
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China.,b College of Fisheries and Science, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Chen
- c Fisheries college, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China , and
| | - Hong Yu
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Shiming Peng
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Shuguang Sun
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Lu Wang
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | | | - Ying Huang
- d Meiji Fisheries Company , Sansha , China
| | - Xiangdi Kong
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China.,b College of Fisheries and Science, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China
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Zhang H, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Salanx ariakensis (Osmeriformes, Salangidae) from Yangtze estuary. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:1902-3. [PMID: 25329270 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.971278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Salanx ariakensis collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,588 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , P.R. China
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17
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Schmitt S, Schulz S, Schropp EM, Eberhagen C, Simmons A, Beisker W, Aichler M, Zischka H. Why to compare absolute numbers of mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:113-23. [PMID: 24969531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by pronounced structural differences between rat liver and rat hepatocellular carcinoma mitochondria, we suspected these mitochondrial populations to differ massively in their molecular composition. Aiming to reveal these mitochondrial differences, we came across the issue on how to normalize such comparisons and decided to focus on the absolute number of mitochondria. To this end, fluorescently stained mitochondria were quantified by flow cytometry. For rat liver mitochondria, this approach resulted in mitochondrial protein contents comparable to earlier reports using alternative methods. We determined similar protein contents for rat liver, heart and kidney mitochondria. In contrast, however, lower protein contents were determined for rat brain mitochondria and for mitochondria from the rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line McA 7777. This result challenges mitochondrial comparisons that rely on equal protein amounts as a typical normalization method. Exemplarily, we therefore compared the activity and susceptibility toward inhibition of complex II of rat liver and hepatocellular carcinoma mitochondria and obtained significant discrepancies by either normalizing to protein amount or to absolute mitochondrial number. Importantly, the latter normalization, in contrast to the former, demonstrated a lower complex II activity and higher susceptibility toward inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma mitochondria compared to liver mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that solely normalizing to protein amount may obscure essential molecular differences between mitochondrial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schropp
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alisha Simmons
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Beisker
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology-Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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18
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Zhang H, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Osbeck's grenadier anchovy Coilia mystus (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) from Yangtze estuary. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:966-7. [PMID: 24938101 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.926508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Osbeck's grenadier anchovy Coilia mystus collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 17,125 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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19
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Zhang H, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) from Yangtze estuary. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:852-3. [PMID: 24866033 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.919473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,828 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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20
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Li Y, Chen C, Yu H, Peng S, Sun S, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Y, Kong X. The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (Perciformes, Scombridae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:96-7. [PMID: 24438291 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.873920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus collected from Sea of Japan was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,529 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Li
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China .,b College of Fisheries and Science, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Chen
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China .,b College of Fisheries and Science, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China .,c Fisheries College, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China , and
| | - Hong Yu
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Shiming Peng
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Shuguang Sun
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Lu Wang
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | | | - Ying Huang
- d Meiji Fisheries Company , Sansha , China
| | - Xiangdi Kong
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China .,b College of Fisheries and Science, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China
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21
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Chen C, Li Y, Yu H, Peng S, Sun S, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Y, Kong X. The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Pacific bluefin tunaThunnus orientalis(Perciformes, Scombridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 27:71-2. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.873905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Xian W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2014; 26:935-6. [PMID: 24409870 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.863297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the larvae Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus collected from Yangtze estuary was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule16,675 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The TAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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23
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Sun D, Zhang H, Yanagimoto T, Yin L, Gao T. The complete mitochondrial genome of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus (Scorpaeniformes, Scorpaenidae) from Japan. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2014; 26:771-772. [PMID: 24409893 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus collected from Japan was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 17,301 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The ETAS, central CSB and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianrong Sun
- a Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Takashi Yanagimoto
- c National Research Institute of Fisheries Science , Yokohama , Japan , and
| | - Lina Yin
- d Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- d Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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24
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Miller AD, Good RT, Coleman RA, Lancaster ML, Weeks AR. Microsatellite loci and the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence characterized through next generation sequencing and de novo genome assembly for the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot, Neophema chrysogaster. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:35-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Fish muscle responds to aerobic exercise training and cold acclimation with a more aerobic muscle phenotype than mammalian muscle but through both conserved and distinct molecular events. Differences from mammals in exercise metabolism and diversity in protein isoforms suggest that the regulation of muscle fuel use is more complex in fish. This review considers fish as powerful models for exercise and muscle physiology.
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26
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Evans ML, Bernatchez L. Oxidative phosphorylation gene transcription in whitefish species pairs reveals patterns of parallel and nonparallel physiological divergence. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1823-34. [PMID: 22830417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Across multiple lakes in North America, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) have independently evolved 'dwarf' and 'normal' sympatric species pairs that exhibit pronounced phenotypic and genetic divergence. In particular, traits associated with metabolism have been shown to be highly differentiated between whitefish species. Here, we examine the transcription of genes associated with the five mitochondrial and nuclear genome-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, the primary physiological mechanism responsible for the production of ATP, in whitefish species pairs from Cliff Lake and Webster Lake in Maine, USA. We observed OXPHOS gene transcription divergence between dwarf and normal whitefish in each of the two lakes, with the former exhibiting transcription upregulation for genes associated with each of the OXPHOS complexes. We also observed a significant influence of lake on transcription levels for some of the genes, indicating that inter-lake ecological or genetic differences are contributing to variation in OXPHOS gene transcription levels. Together, our results support the hypothesis that metabolic divergence is a critical adaptation involved in whitefish speciation and implicate OXPHOS gene upregulation as a factor involved in meeting the enhanced energetic demands of dwarf whitefish. Further studies are now needed to evaluate the contribution of genetically vs. plasticity driven variation in transcription associated with this critical physiological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Evans
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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27
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Kocha KM, Genge CE, Moyes CD. Origins of interspecies variation in mammalian muscle metabolic enzymes. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:873-83. [PMID: 21586671 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Do the transcriptional mechanisms that control an individual's mitochondrial content, PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α) and NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor-1), also cause differences between species? We explored the determinants of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities in muscles from 12 rodents differing 1,000-fold in mass. Hindlimb muscles differed in scaling patterns from isometric (soleus, gastrocnemius) to allometric (tibialis anterior, scaling coefficient = -0.16). Consideration of myonuclear domain reduced the differences within species, but interspecies differences remained. For tibialis anterior, there was no significant scaling relationship in mRNA/g for COX4-1, PGC1α, or NRF1, yet COX4-1 mRNA/g was a good predictor of COX activity (r(2) = 0.55), PGC1α and NRF1 mRNA correlated with each other (r(2) = 0.42), and both could predict COX4-1 mRNA (r(2) = 0.48 and 0.52) and COX activity (r(2) = 0.55 and 0.49). This paradox was resolved by multivariate analysis, which explained 90% of interspecies variation, about equally partitioned between mass effects and PGC1α (or NRF1) mRNA levels, independent of mass. To explore the determinants of PGC1α mRNA, we analyzed 52 mammalian PGC1α proximal promoters and found no size dependence in regulatory element distribution. Likewise, the activity of PGC1α promoter reporter genes from 30 mammals showed no significant relationship with body mass. Collectively, these studies suggest that not all muscles scale equivalently, but for those that show allometric scaling, transcriptional regulation of the master regulators, PGC1α and NRF1, does not account for scaling patterns, though it does contribute to interspecies differences in COX activities independent of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kocha
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Seebacher F, Brand MD, Else PL, Guderley H, Hulbert AJ, Moyes CD. Plasticity of oxidative metabolism in variable climates: molecular mechanisms. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:721-32. [PMID: 20586603 DOI: 10.1086/649964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Converting food to chemical energy (ATP) that is usable by cells is a principal requirement to sustain life. The rate of ATP production has to be sufficient for housekeeping functions, such as protein synthesis and maintaining membrane potentials, as well as for growth and locomotion. Energy metabolism is temperature sensitive, and animals respond to environmental variability at different temporal levels, from within-individual to evolutionary timescales. Here we review principal molecular mechanisms that underlie control of oxidative ATP production in response to climate variability. Nuclear transcription factors and coactivators control expression of mitochondrial proteins and abundance of mitochondria. Fatty acid and phospholipid concentrations of membranes influence the activity of membrane-bound proteins as well as the passive leak of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. Passive proton leak as well as protein-mediated proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane determine the efficacy of ATP production but are also instrumental in endothermic heat production and as a defense against reactive oxygen species. Both transcriptional mechanisms and membrane composition interact with environmental temperature and diet, and this interaction between diet and temperature in determining mitochondrial function links the two major environmental variables that are affected by changing climates. The limits to metabolic plasticity could be set by the production of reactive oxygen species leading to cellular damage, limits to substrate availability in mitochondria, and a disproportionally large increase in proton leak over ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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29
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Ratkevicius A, Carroll AM, Kilikevicius A, Venckunas T, McDermott KT, Gray SR, Wackerhage H, Lionikas A. H55N polymorphism as a likely cause of variation in citrate synthase activity of mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42A:96-102. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS) is an enzyme of the Krebs cycle that plays a key role in mitochondrial metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying low activity of citrate synthase (CS) in A/J mice compared with other inbred strains of mice. Enzyme activity, protein content, and mRNA levels of CS were studied in the quadriceps muscles of A/J, BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, and PWD/PhJ strains of mice. Cytochrome c protein content was also measured. The results of the study indicate that A/J mice have a 50–65% reduction in CS activity compared with other strains despite similar levels of Cs mRNA and lack of differences in CS and cytochrome c protein content. CS from A/J mice also showed lower Michaelis constant ( Km) for both acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate compared with the other strains of mice. In silico analysis of the genomic sequence identified a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs29358506, H55N) in Cs gene occurring near the site of the protein interacting with acetyl CoA. Allelic variants of the polymorphism segregated with the catalytic properties of CS enzyme among the strains. In summary, H55N polymorphism in Cs could be the underlying cause of low CS activity and its high affinity for substrates in A/J mice compared with other strains. This SNP might also play a role in resistance to obesity of A/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aivaras Ratkevicius
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew M. Carroll
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Audrius Kilikevicius
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiotherapy, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiotherapy, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kevin T. McDermott
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
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30
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O'Dowd C, Mothersill CE, Cairns MT, Austin B, Lyng FM, McClean B, Talbot A, Murphy JEJ. Gene expression and enzyme activity of mitochondrial proteins in irradiated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) tissues in vitro. Radiat Res 2009; 171:464-73. [PMID: 19397447 DOI: 10.1667/rr1484.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years ethical, legislative and economic pressures have created a renewed interest in the development of alternatives to in vivo animal experiments. In vitro studies, particularly those using cell cultures, have been used increasingly as tools to assess the degree of toxicity associated with or present in particular environments. While cell cultures are useful to give relative toxicity values, genotypic and phenotypic integrity may be compromised in the continuous artificial environment they experience. In addition, cell cultures lack the complexity of functional organs and thus do not truly represent the effects that toxins exert on organ and organism functionality. In this study, ex vivo tissue cultures of rainbow trout gill, skin and spleen samples were analyzed for variation of expression in genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation after exposure to ionizing radiation. Significant radiation-induced changes in gene expression and enzyme activity associated with the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process were identified. The tissues examined in this study demonstrated an exposure threshold at which radiation dose stimulates an alteration in the regulatory activity of mitochondrial-associated genes. Spleen tissues exposed to low levels of radiation (0.1 Gy) appeared most sensitive whereas skin tissues proved least sensitive, reacting only to higher doses (>1 Gy). We propose this investigative approach as an innovative alternative to in vivo studies because it identifies toxic exposure in vitro and could significantly reduce the number of live-animal toxicity tests required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm O'Dowd
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, Focas Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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31
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Masculinization Events and Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA: A Model for Understanding the Evolutionary Dynamics of Gender-Associated mtDNA in Mussels. Evol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00952-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Lucassen M, Koschnick N, Eckerle LG, Pörtner HO. Mitochondrial mechanisms of cold adaptation in cod (Gadus morhua L.) populations from different climatic zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 209:2462-71. [PMID: 16788029 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adjustments in mitochondrial properties and capacities are crucial in acclimatization to seasonal cold as well as in evolutionary cold adaptation of marine ectotherms. To examine whether gene expression mechanisms contribute to different settings of aerobic capacities in populations of cod (Gadus morhua) along a latitudinal cline, maximum activities of key enzymes of mitochondrial metabolism and their respective mRNA levels were compared in white muscle and liver of cold (4 degrees C) and warm (10 degrees C) acclimated individuals from cod populations of the North Sea and the Barents Sea, respectively. In white muscle, cold acclimation caused a parallel increase in citrate synthase (CS) and in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities, but with a much larger effect in the cold eurythermal Arctic population. In liver, cold acclimation was accompanied by increments in CS activities, but differences between populations were minor. Overall COX activities in liver were not affected by cold acclimation, but were higher in the cold adapted population. In both populations increments in muscle CS capacities were tightly correlated with elevated mRNA levels, suggesting transcriptional control of citrate synthase levels in muscle. In liver, CS mRNA levels differed between populations but were not affected by cold acclimation, so that post-transcriptional control may contribute to elevated functional levels in this tissue. Mitochondrial-encoded COX2 mRNA levels were not limiting for functional activities in both tissues, in favour of post-transcriptional control or limitations by other transcripts of the COX complex. Altogether, the differentiation in gene expression between both populations was more strongly expressed at 4 degrees C. The comparison of functional levels and transcript levels may reflect genetic differentiation at functional sites, in line with genetic differences between the two populations previously established by non-coding genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lucassen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Physiology of Marine Animals, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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33
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Dalziel AC, Moyes CD, Fredriksson E, Lougheed SC. Molecular Evolution of Cytochrome c Oxidase in High-Performance Fish (Teleostei: Scombroidei). J Mol Evol 2006; 62:319-31. [PMID: 16477525 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-005-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 13 peptides encoded by vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are essential subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes. These genes normally experience purifying selection and also coevolve with nuclear-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes. However, the role of positive selection on mtDNA evolution is still unclear, as most examples of intergenomic coevolution appear to be the result of compensation by nuclear-encoded genes for mildly deleterious mtDNA mutations, and not simultaneous positive selection in both genomes. Organisms that have experienced strong selective pressures to increase aerobic capacity or adapt to changes in thermal environment may be better candidates in which to examine the impact of positively selected changes on mtDNA evolution. The tuna (suborder Scombroidei, family Scombridae) and billfish (suborder Scombroidei, families Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae) are highly aerobic fish with multiple specializations in muscle energetics, including a high mitochondrial content and regional endothermy. We examined the role of positively selected mtDNA substitutions in the production of these unique phenotypes. Focusing on a catalytic subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (COX II), we found that the rate ratio of nonsynonymous (d(N); amino acid changing)-to-synonymous (d(S); silent) substitutions was not increased in lineages leading to the tuna but was significantly increased in the lineage preceding the billfish. Furthermore, there are a number of individual positively selected sites that, when mapped onto the COX crystal structure, appear to interact with other COX subunits and may affect OXPHOS function and regulation in billfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Dalziel
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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St-Pierre J. MASTER OF MITOCHONDRIAL NUMBER. J Exp Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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