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Li X, Ma M, Zhang X, Deng L, Wang Y, Bian Z, Cai S, Peng B, Yang J, Chen Y. Ethanol extract of gardenia fruit alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1381-1388. [PMID: 28810600 PMCID: PMC5526097 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia fruit has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. A previous study by the present authors indicated that the ethanol extract of gardenia fruits (EEG) primarily contains eight constituents. In the present study, the potential effects of EEG on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis were observed in rats. A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each): Sham group, UUO group, and EEG group, which were administered with EEG (200 mg/kg/day) or the same volume of distilled water as a vehicle. UUO were established by ligating left ureter at two points and cut between the ligatures. All rats were sacrificed at 14 days after UUO operation. the present results demonstrated that EEG significantly elevated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and E-cadherin induced by UUO (both P<0.05), and reduced levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor and α-smooth muscle actin (all P<0.05). The present findings suggest that EEG is a potential novel renoprotective compound for renal fibrosis through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Department of Diagnostics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xianggui Zhang
- Department of Diagnostics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Shining Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Bangya Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Jiangquan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
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Qiao X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao N, Zhang R, Han W, Peng Z. Intermedin is upregulated and attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibition of oxidative stress in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 20:820-31. [PMID: 26014968 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species mediate profibrotic action of TGF-β1. Intermedin (IMD) has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress, but its role in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of IMD on renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS The expression of IMD and its receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1/2/3), in the obstructed kidney was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. To evaluate the effects of IMD on renal fibrosis, we locally overexpressed exogenous IMD in the obstructed kidney using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated delivery system. Renal fibrosis was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin was measured. Smad2/3 activation and macrophage infiltration were evaluated. We also studied oxidative stress by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of IMD increased after UUO. CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were also induced by ureteral obstruction. IMD overexpression remarkably attenuated UUO-induced tubular injury and blunted fibrotic response as shown by decreased interstitial collagen deposition and downregulation of fibronectin. Macrophage infiltration, α-SMA and CTGF upregulation caused by UUO were all relieved by IMD, whereas TGF-β1 upregulation and Smad2/3 activation were not affected. Meanwhile, we noted increased oxidative stress in obstruction, which was also attenuated by IMD gene delivery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IMD is upregulated after UUO. IMD plays a protective role in renal fibrosis via its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weixia Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Nangaku M, Rosenberger C, Heyman SN, Eckardt KU. Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor in kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:148-57. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephology and Endocrinology; The University of Tokyo School of Medicine; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Samuel N Heyman
- Department of Medicine; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Mt Scopus; Jerusalem; Israel
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
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Transient ureteral obstruction prevents against kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29876. [PMID: 22295069 PMCID: PMC3266244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the protective effect of transient ureteral obstruction (UO) prior to ischemia on subsequent renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been documented, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be understood. We showed in the current study that 24 h of UO led to renal tubular hypoxia in the ipsilateral kidney in mice, with the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, which lasted for a week after the release of UO. To address the functions of HIF-2α in UO-mediated protection of renal IRI, we utilized the Mx-Cre/loxP recombination system to knock out target genes. Inactivation of HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α blunted the renal protective effects of UO, as demonstrated by much higher serum creatinine level and severer histological damage. UO failed to prevent postischemic neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis induction in HIF-2α knockout mice, which also diminished the postobstructive up-regulation of the protective molecule, heat shock protein (HSP)-27. The renal protective effects of UO were associated with the improvement of the postischemic recovery of intra-renal microvascular blood flow, which was also dependent on the activation of HIF-2α. Our results demonstrated that UO protected the kidney via activation of HIF-2α, which reduced tubular damages via preservation of adequate renal microvascular perfusion after ischemia. Thus, preconditional HIF-2α activation might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic acute renal failure.
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Ito K, Yoshii H, Asano T, Seta K, Mizuguchi Y, Yamanaka M, Tokonabe S, Hayakawa M, Asano T. Adrenomedullin Increases Renal Nitric Oxide Production and Ameliorates Renal Injury in Mice With Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. J Urol 2010; 183:1630-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ito
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Yoshii
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Seta
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Mizuguchi
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamanaka
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tokonabe
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayakawa
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Takahashi K, Hirose T, Mori N, Morimoto R, Kohzuki M, Imai Y, Totsune K. The renin-angiotensin system, adrenomedullins and urotensin II in the kidney: possible renoprotection via the kidney peptide systems. Peptides 2009; 30:1575-85. [PMID: 19477209 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney disease, such as diabetic nephropathy, is increasing throughout the world. Many biologically active peptides play important roles in the kidney. The classical example is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II plays critical roles in the progression of chronic kidney disease through its vasoconstrictor action, stimulatory action on cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen-generating activity. A renin inhibitor, aliskiren, has recently been shown to be a clinically effective drug to reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. (Pro)renin receptor, a specific receptor for renin and prorenin, was newly identified as a member of the RAS. When bound to prorenin, (pro)renin receptor activates the angiotensin I-generating activity of prorenin in the absence of cleavage of the prosegment, and directly stimulates the pathway of mitogen-activated protein kinase independently from the RAS. The kidney peptides that antagonize the intrarenal RAS may have renoprotective actions. Adrenomedullins, potent vasodilator peptides, have been shown to have renoprotective actions. On the other hand, urotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, may promote the renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease together with the renal RAS. Thus, in addition to the renin inhibitor and (pro)renin receptor, adrenomedullins and urotensin II may be novel targets to develop therapeutic strategies against chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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