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Kotsopoulou I, Vyas AK, Cory MJ, Chan CS, Jagarapu J, Gill S, Mudduluru M, Angelis D. Developmental changes of the fetal and neonatal thyroid gland and functional consequences on the cardiovascular system. J Perinatol 2022; 42:1576-1586. [PMID: 36376450 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and function of the cardiac myocyte. Dysregulation of the thyroid hormone milieu affects the fetal cardiac cells via complex molecular mechanisms, either by altering gene expression or directly by affecting post-translational processes. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the effects of thyroid hormones on the developing cardiovascular system and its adaptation. Furthermore, we will highlight the gaps in knowledge and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kotsopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arpita K Vyas
- Division of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Melinda J Cory
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina S Chan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jawahar Jagarapu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shamaila Gill
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manjula Mudduluru
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dimitrios Angelis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Chaulin AM, Grigorieva JV, Suvorova GN, Duplyakov DV. Experimental Modeling Of Hypothyroidism: Principles, Methods, Several Advanced Research Directions In Cardiology. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is one of the most common pathological conditions in modern clinical practice. Due to the fact that the targets of thyroid hormones are virtually all organs and tissues, the morphological and clinical manifestations arising with a deficiency of thyroid hormones are quite diverse. Experimental models of hypothyroidism in laboratory animals are widely used for preclinical study of the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypothyroidism, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of treatment-and-prophylactic effects. Currently, several groups of effective models of hypothyroidism have been developed: dietary, surgical, medicamentous, genetic, radioactive and immunological. Each of the specified models is based on different principles, has advantages and disadvantages, and can be used depending on the goals and objectives of the experiment. In this review, we will consistently consider hypothyroidism modeling methods and indicate some promising areas of their use in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey M. Chaulin
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia; Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Samara, Russia
| | | | | | - Dmitry V. Duplyakov
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia; Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Samara, Russia
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Simeoni M, Cerantonio A, Pastore I, Liguori R, Greco M, Foti D, Gulletta E, Brunetti A, Fuiano G. The correct renal function evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunction. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:495-507. [PMID: 26511999 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction induces several renal derangements involving all nephron portions. Furthermore, dysthyroidism is a recognized risk factor associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. Current data, in fact, demonstrate that either subclinical or overt thyroid disease is associated with significant changes in creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, measured glomerular filtration rate and Cystatin C. Herein, we systematically reviewed several relevant studies aiming at the identification of the most sensitive and specific parameter for the correct renal function evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunction, that are usually treated as outpatients. Our systematic review indicates that estimated glomerular filtration rate, preferably with CKD-EPI equation, appears to be the most reliable and wieldy renal function parameter. Instead, Cystatin C should be better used in the grading of thyroid dysfunction severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy.
- University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa-Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Cerantonio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Endocrinology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Rossella Liguori
- Endocrinology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Elio Gulletta
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Castrop H, Höcherl K, Kurtz A, Schweda F, Todorov V, Wagner C. Physiology of Kidney Renin. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:607-73. [PMID: 20393195 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protease renin is the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, which is relevant under both physiological and pathophysiological settings. The kidney is the only organ capable of releasing enzymatically active renin. Although the characteristic juxtaglomerular position is the best known site of renin generation, renin-producing cells in the kidney can vary in number and localization. (Pro)renin gene transcription in these cells is controlled by a number of transcription factors, among which CREB is the best characterized. Pro-renin is stored in vesicles, activated to renin, and then released upon demand. The release of renin is under the control of the cAMP (stimulatory) and Ca2+(inhibitory) signaling pathways. Meanwhile, a great number of intrarenally generated or systemically acting factors have been identified that control the renin secretion directly at the level of renin-producing cells, by activating either of the signaling pathways mentioned above. The broad spectrum of biological actions of (pro)renin is mediated by receptors for (pro)renin, angiotensin II and angiotensin-( 1 – 7 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Höcherl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Todorov
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Barreto-Chaves MLM, Carrillo-Sepúlveda MA, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Gomes DA, Diniz GP. The crosstalk between thyroid hormones and the Renin-Angiotensin System. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 52:166-70. [PMID: 19857605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) exert multiple effects on the heart and vascular system. As a consequence, altered cardiovascular function observed in the thyroid diseases corresponds to one of the most important and clinically relevant aspects found in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Besides THs' direct effects on the heart and vascular system, in the last three decades several studies have implicated the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in some of the cardiovascular effects of THs, with this interaction suggesting that RAS may be an important mediator of THs actions. In the present review, we discuss the alterations in the circulating RAS, as well as modifications in cardiac and vascular RAS which are involved in the cardiovascular alterations found during the modulation of TH levels. In addition, considering the important role that both systems present during fetal and neonatal periods, we also review the interaction between THs and the RAS in the development of cardiovascular system. A greater understanding of the role of the RAS in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, during early or adult life will presumably facilitate the evolution of newer, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza M Barreto-Chaves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carey LC, Valego NK, Kai Chen, Rose JC. Thyroid Hormone Regulates Renocortical COX-2 and PGE2 Expression in the Late Gestation Fetal Sheep. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:598-603. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719108316910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Carey
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,
| | - Nancy K. Valego
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kai Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James C. Rose
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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