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Yang S, Wang Z, Guo M, Du M, Wen X, Geng L, Yu F, Liu L, Li Y, Feng L, Zhou T. UPLC-MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Ang II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683859. [PMID: 34026879 PMCID: PMC8131677 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is caused by polygenic inheritance and the interaction of various environmental factors. Abnormal function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is closely associated with changes in blood pressure. As an essential factor in the RAAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vasoconstriction and inflammatory responses. However, the effects of overproduction of Ang II on the whole body-metabolism have been unclear. In this study, we established a hypertensive mouse model by micro-osmotic pump perfusion of Ang II, and the maximum systolic blood pressure reached 140 mmHg after 2 weeks. By ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the metabolites in the serum of hypertensive model and control mice were analyzed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in both positive and negative ionization modes showed clear separation of the two groups. Perfusion of Ang II induced perturbations of multiple metabolic pathways in mice, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed 40 metabolite markers with potential diagnostic value for hypertension. Our data indicate that non-targeted metabolomics can reveal biochemical pathways associated with Ang II-induced hypertension. Although researches about the clinical use of these metabolites as potential biomarkers in hypertension is still needed, the current study improves the understanding of systemic metabolic response to sustained release of Ang II in hypertensive mice, providing a new panel of biomarkers that may be used to predict blood pressure fluctuations in the early stages of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaying Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengfan Du
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Geng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates: phylogenetic view of structure and function. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:215-247. [PMID: 27718210 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5, and 9 of Ang I. Variations have also evolved in amino acid positions 3 and 4 in some cartilaginous fish. Angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2 homologues, have been identified molecularly or characterized pharmacologically in nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, various forms of angiotensins that bypass the traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascades or those from large peptide substrates, particularly in tissues, are present. Nonetheless, the phylogenetically important functions of RAS are to maintain blood pressure/blood volume homeostasis and ion-fluid balance via the kidney and central mechanisms. Stimulation of cell growth and vascularization, possibly via paracrine action of angiotensins, and the molecular biology of RAS and its receptors have been intensive research foci. This review provides an overview of: (1) the phylogenetic appearance, structure, and biochemistry of the RAS cascade; (2) the properties of angiotensin receptors from comparative viewpoints; and (3) the functions and regulation of the RAS in nonmammalian vertebrates. Discussions focus on the most fundamental functions of the RAS that have been conserved throughout phylogenetic advancement, as well as on their physiological implications and significance. Examining the biological history of RAS will help us analyze the complex RAS systems of mammals. Furthermore, suitable models for answering specific questions are often found in more primitive animals.
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Dietary salt loading and ion-poor water exposure provide insight into the molecular physiology of the rainbow trout gill epithelium tight junction complex. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:739-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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