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Xu L, Li W, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu G, Luo W, Cao G, Wang S. Metformin Regulates Cardiac Ferroptosis to Reduce Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-05038-7. [PMID: 39106027 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with cardiac dysfunction. Recent research studies have indicated a potential association between MetS and ferroptosis. Furthermore, metformin can alleviate MetS-induced cardiac ferroptosis. Metformin is a classic biguanide anti-diabetic drug that has protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, which extend beyond its indirect glycemic control. This study aimed to assess whether MetS mediates cardiac ferroptosis, thereby causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results revealed that metformin can mitigate cardiac reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, thereby preserving cardiac function. Mechanistic analysis revealed that metformin upregulates the expression of cardiac Nrf2. Moreover, Nrf2 downregulation compromises the cardio-protective effects of metformin. In summary, this study indicated that MetS promotes cardiac ferroptosis, and metformin plays a preventive and therapeutic role, partially through modulation of Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weihuan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanyi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, No.120 Suzhi Street, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang M, Wen W, Chen Y, Yishajiang S, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang X. TRPC5 channel participates in myocardial injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100368. [PMID: 38703717 PMCID: PMC11087918 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to develop an animal model of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and investigate the role of the TRPC5 channel in cardiac damage in OSAHS rats. METHODS Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the CIH group and the Normoxic Control (NC) group. Changes in structure, function, and pathology of heart tissue were observed through echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, HE-staining, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The Interventricular Septum thickness at diastole (IVSd) and End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) of rats in the CIH group significantly increased, whereas the LV ejection fraction and LV fraction shortening significantly decreased. TEM showed that the myofilaments in the CIH group were loosely arranged, the sarcomere length varied, the cell matrix dissolved, the mitochondrial cristae were partly flocculent, the mitochondrial outer membrane dissolved and disappeared, and some mitochondria were swollen and vacuolated. The histopathological examination showed that the cardiomyocytes in the CIH group were swollen with granular degeneration, some of the myocardial fibers were broken and disorganized, and most of the nuclei were vacuolar and hypochromic. CONCLUSION CIH promoted oxidative stress, the influx of Ca2+, and the activation of the CaN/NFATc signaling pathway, which led to pathological changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes, the increase of myocardial apoptosis, and the decrease of myocardial contractility. These changes may be associated with the upregulation of TRPC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China.
| | - Sharezati Yishajiang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Yu Li
- Second Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
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Arnaud C, Billoir E, de Melo Junior AF, Pereira SA, O'Halloran KD, Monteiro EC. Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction: from adaptation to maladaptation. J Physiol 2023; 601:5553-5577. [PMID: 37882783 DOI: 10.1113/jp284166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the dominant pathological feature of human obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which is highly prevalent and associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases. CIH causes hypertension, centred on sympathetic nervous overactivity, which persists following removal of the CIH stimulus. Molecular mechanisms contributing to CIH-induced hypertension have been carefully delineated. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the efficacy of interventions to ameliorate high blood pressure in established disease. CIH causes endothelial dysfunction, aberrant structural remodelling of vessels and accelerates atherosclerotic processes. Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways converge on disrupted nitric oxide signalling driving vascular dysfunction. In addition, CIH has adverse effects on the myocardium, manifesting atrial fibrillation, and cardiac remodelling progressing to contractile dysfunction. Sympatho-vagal imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated HIF-1α transcriptional responses and resultant pro-apoptotic ER stress, calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction conspire to drive myocardial injury and failure. CIH elaborates direct and indirect effects in the kidney that initially contribute to the development of hypertension and later to chronic kidney disease. CIH-induced morphological damage of the kidney is dependent on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and associated pyroptosis. Emerging potential therapies related to the gut-kidney axis and blockade of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are promising. Cardiorenal outcomes in response to intermittent hypoxia present along a continuum from adaptation to maladaptation and are dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure to intermittent hypoxia. This heterogeneity of OSA is relevant to therapeutic treatment options and we argue the need for better stratification of OSA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Arnaud
- Université Grenoble-Alpes INSERM U1300, Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Emma Billoir
- Université Grenoble-Alpes INSERM U1300, Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sofia A Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Yang K, Hou R, Zhao J, Wang X, Wei J, Pan X, Zhu X. Lifestyle effects on aging and CVD: A spotlight on the nutrient-sensing network. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102121. [PMID: 37944707 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is widespread worldwide and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mechanisms underlying aging have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Remarkably, aging and CVD overlap in numerous ways, with deregulated nutrient sensing as a common mechanism and lifestyle as a communal modifier. Interestingly, lifestyle triggers or suppresses multiple nutrient-related signaling pathways. In this review, we first present the composition of the nutrient-sensing network (NSN) and its metabolic impact on aging and CVD. Secondly, we review how risk factors closely associated with CVD, including adverse life states such as sedentary behavior, sleep disorders, high-fat diet, and psychosocial stress, contribute to aging and CVD, with a focus on the bridging role of the NSN. Finally, we focus on the positive effects of beneficial dietary interventions, specifically dietary restriction and the Mediterranean diet, on the regulation of nutrient metabolism and the delayed effects of aging and CVD that depend on the balance of the NSN. In summary, we expound on the interaction between lifestyle, NSN, aging, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Lin CC, Wang YP, Sun YK, Chiu CH, Lin MW, Tzeng IS. Mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104066. [PMID: 37080370 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in the upper airways of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Twenty subjects with mild and 40 with moderate to severe OSA requiring uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were included. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in uvula specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and their mRNA and protein expression was examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The mitochondrial to nuclear DNA (Mt/N) ratio in the blood, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and uvula was measured using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. TFAM and PGC-1α protein concentrations in the plasma and EBC were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All tested parameters were higher in the OSA group than in the control. Three months later, 21 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty-responsive patients with OSA showed decreased TFAM and PGC-1α concentrations and EBC Mt/N ratio while these remained high in 19 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty-unresponsive patients. The OSA group showed severe inflammation, increased mitochondrial replication and transcription-related signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the uvula. Successful OSA treatment using uvulopalatopharyngoplasty restored the TFAM and PGC-1α levels and EBC Mt/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Piao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chiu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Wei Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Liu Q, Hao T, Li L, Huang D, Lin Z, Fang Y, Wang D, Zhang X. Construction of a mitochondrial dysfunction related signature of diagnosed model to obstructive sleep apnea. Front Genet 2022; 13. [PMID: 36468038 PMCID: PMC9714559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its comorbidities may involve mitochondrial dysfunction. However, very little is known about the relationships between mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes and OSA. Methods: Mitochondrial dysfunction-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OSA and control adipose tissue samples were identified using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and information on mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes from the GeneCards database. A mitochondrial dysfunction-related signature of diagnostic model was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and then verified. Additionally, consensus clustering algorithms were used to conduct an unsupervised cluster analysis. A protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs between the mitochondrial dysfunction-related clusters was constructed using STRING database and the hub genes were identified. Functional analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA), were conducted to explore the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in OSA. Immune cell infiltration analyses were conducted using CIBERSORT and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Results: we established mitochondrial dysfunction related four-gene signature of diagnostic model consisted of NPR3, PDIA3, SLPI, ERAP2, and which could easily distinguish between OSA patients and controls. In addition, based on mitochondrial dysfunction-related gene expression, we identified two clusters among all the samples and three clusters among the OSA samples. A total of 10 hub genes were selected from the PPI network of DEGs between the two mitochondrial dysfunction-related clusters. There were correlations between the 10 hub genes and the 4 diagnostic genes. Enrichment analyses suggested that autophagy, inflammation pathways, and immune pathways are crucial in mitochondrial dysfunction in OSA. Plasma cells and M0 and M1 macrophages were significantly different between the OSA and control samples, while several immune cell types, especially T cells (γ/δ T cells, natural killer T cells, regulatory T cells, and type 17 T helper cells), were significantly different among mitochondrial dysfunction-related clusters of OSA samples. Conclusion: A novel mitochondrial dysfunction-related four-gen signature of diagnostic model was built. The genes are potential biomarkers for OSA and may play important roles in the development of OSA complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Daqi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yipeng Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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