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Katayama Y, Tsukada T, Hyodo S, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T. Behavioural osmoregulation during land invasion in fish: Prandial drinking and wetting of the dry skin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277968. [PMID: 36477197 PMCID: PMC9728915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulatory behaviours should have evolutionarily modified for terrestrialisation of vertebrates. In mammals, sensations of buccal food and drying have immediate effects on postprandial thirst to prevent future systemic dehydration, and is thereby considered to be 'anticipatory thirst'. However, it remains unclear whether such an anticipatory response has been acquired in the non-tetrapod lineage. Using the mudskipper goby (Periophthalmus modestus) as a semi-terrestrial ray-finned fish, we herein investigated postprandial drinking and other unique features like full-body 'rolling' over on the back although these behaviours had not been considered to have osmoregulatory functions. In our observations on tidal flats, mudskippers migrated into water areas within a minute after terrestrial eating, and exhibited rolling behaviour with accompanying pectoral-fin movements. In aquarium experiments, frequency of migration into a water area for drinking increased within a few minutes after eating onset, without systemic dehydration. During their low humidity exposure, frequency of the rolling behaviour and pectoral-fin movements increased by more than five times to moisten the skin before systemic dehydration. These findings suggest anticipatory responses which arise from oral/gastrointestinal and cutaneous sensation in the goby. These sensation and motivation seem to have evolved in distantly related species in order to solve osmoregulatory challenges during terrestrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Katayama
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
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Renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates: phylogenetic view of structure and function. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:215-247. [PMID: 27718210 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5, and 9 of Ang I. Variations have also evolved in amino acid positions 3 and 4 in some cartilaginous fish. Angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2 homologues, have been identified molecularly or characterized pharmacologically in nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, various forms of angiotensins that bypass the traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascades or those from large peptide substrates, particularly in tissues, are present. Nonetheless, the phylogenetically important functions of RAS are to maintain blood pressure/blood volume homeostasis and ion-fluid balance via the kidney and central mechanisms. Stimulation of cell growth and vascularization, possibly via paracrine action of angiotensins, and the molecular biology of RAS and its receptors have been intensive research foci. This review provides an overview of: (1) the phylogenetic appearance, structure, and biochemistry of the RAS cascade; (2) the properties of angiotensin receptors from comparative viewpoints; and (3) the functions and regulation of the RAS in nonmammalian vertebrates. Discussions focus on the most fundamental functions of the RAS that have been conserved throughout phylogenetic advancement, as well as on their physiological implications and significance. Examining the biological history of RAS will help us analyze the complex RAS systems of mammals. Furthermore, suitable models for answering specific questions are often found in more primitive animals.
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Brijs J, Axelsson M, Gräns A, Pichaud N, Olsson C, Sandblom E. Increased gastrointestinal blood flow: An essential circulatory modification for euryhaline rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrating to sea. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10430. [PMID: 26000616 PMCID: PMC5377047 DOI: 10.1038/srep10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale migrations of anadromous fish species from freshwater to seawater have long been considered particularly enigmatic, as this life history necessitates potentially energetically costly changes in behaviour and physiology. A significant knowledge gap concerns the integral role of cardiovascular responses, which directly link many of the well-documented adaptations (i.e. through oxygen delivery, water and ion transport) allowing fish to maintain osmotic homeostasis in the sea. Using long-term recordings of cardiorespiratory variables and a novel method for examining drinking dynamics, we show that euryhaline rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) initiate drinking long before the surrounding environment reaches full seawater salinity (30–33 ppt), suggesting the presence of an external osmo-sensing mechanism. Onset of drinking was followed by a delayed, yet substantial increase in gastrointestinal blood flow through increased pulse volume exclusively, as heart rate remained unchanged. While seawater entry did not affect whole animal energy expenditure, enhanced gastrointestinal perfusion represents a mechanism crucial for ion and water absorption, as well as possibly increasing local gastrointestinal oxygen supply. Collectively, these modifications are essential for anadromous fish to maintain homeostasis at sea, whilst conserving cardiac and metabolic scope for activities directly contributing to fitness and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albin Gräns
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Guh YJ, Lin CH, Hwang PP. Osmoregulation in zebrafish: ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:627-59. [PMID: 26600749 PMCID: PMC4650948 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish, like mammals, have to maintain their body fluid ionic and osmotic homeostasis through sophisticated iono-/osmoregulation mechanisms, which are conducted mainly by ionocytes of the gill (the skin in embryonic stages), instead of the renal tubular cells in mammals. Given the advantages in terms of genetic database availability and manipulation, zebrafish is an emerging model for research into regulatory and integrative physiology. At least five types of ionocytes, HR, NaR, NCC, SLC26, and KS cells, have been identified to carry out Na(+) uptake/H(+) secretion/NH4 (+) excretion, Ca(2+) uptake, Na(+)/Cl(-) uptake, K(+) secretion, and Cl(-) uptake/HCO3 (-) secretion, respectively, through distinct sets of transporters. Several hormones, namely isotocin, prolactin, cortisol, stanniocalcin-1, calcitonin, endothelin-1, vitamin D, parathyorid hormone 1, catecholamines, and the renin-angiotensin-system, have been demonstrated to positively or negatively regulate ion transport through specific receptors at different ionocytes stages, at either the transcriptional/translational or posttranslational level. The knowledge obtained using zebrafish answered many long-term contentious or unknown issues in the field of fish iono-/osmoregulation. The homology of ion transport pathways and hormone systems also means that the zebrafish model informs studies on mammals or other animal species, thereby providing insights into related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey Guh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan ; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kumai Y, Bernier NJ, Perry SF. Angiotensin-II promotes Na+ uptake in larval zebrafish, Danio rerio, in acidic and ion-poor water. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:195-205. [PMID: 24301614 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to Na(+) uptake was investigated in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). At 4 days post fertilization (dpf), the level of whole-body angiotensin-II (ANG-II) was significantly increased after 1- or 3-h exposure to acidic (pH=4.0) or ion-poor water (20-fold dilution of Ottawa tapwater), suggesting rapid activation of the RAS. Long-term (24 h) treatment of 3 dpf larvae with ANG-I or ANG-II significantly increased Na(+) uptake which was accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of the Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (zslc12a10.2). Induction of Na(+) uptake by exposure to ANG-I was blocked by simultaneously treating larvae with lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor). Acute (2 h) exposure to acidic water or ion-poor water led to significant increase in Na(+) uptake which was partially blocked by the ANG-II receptor antagonist, telmisartan. Consistent with these data, translational knockdown of renin prevented the stimulation of Na(+) uptake following exposure to acidic or ion-poor water. The lack of any effects of pharmacological inhibition (using RU486), or knockdown of glucocorticoid receptors on the stimulation of Na(+) uptake during acute exposure to acidic or ion-poor environments, indicates that the acute effects of RAS occur independently of cortisol signaling. The results of this study demonstrate that the RAS is involved in Na(+) homeostasis in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Nobata S, Ando M, Takei Y. Hormonal control of drinking behavior in teleost fishes; insights from studies using eels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 192:214-21. [PMID: 23707498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine teleost fishes drink environmental seawater to compensate for osmotic water loss, and the amount of water intake is precisely regulated to prevent dehydration or hypernatremia. Unlike terrestrial animals in which thirst motivates a series of drinking behaviors, aquatic fishes can drink environmental water by reflex swallowing without searching for water. Hormones are key effectors for the regulation of drinking. In particular, angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide are likely candidates for physiological regulators because of their potent dipsogenic and antidipsogenic activities, respectively. In the eel, these hormones act on the area postrema in the medulla oblongata, a circumventricular structure without blood-brain barrier, which then regulates the activity of the glossopharyngeal-vagal motor complex. These motor neurons in the hindbrain innervate the upper esophageal sphincter muscle and other swallowing-related muscles in the pharynx and esophagus for regulation of drinking. Thus, the neural circuitry for drinking in fishes appears to be confined within the hindbrain. This simple mechanism is much different from that of terrestrial animals in which thirst sensation is induced through hormonal actions on the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis that are located in the forebrain. It seems that the neural and hormonal mechanism that regulates drinking behavior has evolved from fishes depending on the availability of water in their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Nobata
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
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Ogoshi M, Nobata S, Takei Y. Potent osmoregulatory actions of homologous adrenomedullins administered peripherally and centrally in eels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R2075-83. [PMID: 18922959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90688.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The teleost adrenomedullin (AM) family consists of three groups, AM1/AM4, AM2/AM3, and AM5. In the present study, we examined the effects of homologous AM1, AM2, and AM5 on drinking and renal function after peripheral or central administration in conscious freshwater eels. AM2 and AM5, but not AM1, exhibited dose-dependent (0.01-1 nmol/kg) dipsogenic and antidiuretic effects after intra-arterial bolus injection. The antidiuretic effect was significantly correlated with the degree of associated hypotension. To avoid the potential indirect osmoregulatory effects of AM-induced hypotension, infusion of AMs was also performed at nondepressor doses. Drinking was enhanced dose-dependently at 0.1-3 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) of AM2 and AM5, matching the potency and efficacy of angiotensin II (ANG II), the most potent dipsogenic hormone known thus far. AM2 and AM5 infusion also induced mild antidiuresis, while AM1 caused antinatriuresis. Additionally, AMs were injected into the third and fourth ventricles of conscious eels to assess their site of dipsogenic action. However, none of the AMs at 0.05-0.5 nmol induced drinking, while ANG II was highly dipsogenic. AM2 and ANG II injected into the third ventricle increased arterial pressure while AM5 decreased it in a dose-dependent manner, and both AM2 and AM5 decreased blood pressure when injected into the fourth ventricle. These data suggest that circulating AM2 and AM5 act on a target site in the brain that lacks the blood-brain barrier. Collectively, the present study showed that AM2 and AM5 are potent osmoregulatory hormones in the eel, and their actions imply involvement in seawater adaptation of this euryhaline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Ogoshi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Le Mével JC, Lancien F, Mimassi N. Central cardiovascular actions of angiotensin II in trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 157:27-34. [PMID: 18405898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, a large body of evidence supports the existence of a brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) acting independently or synergistically with the endocrine RAS to maintain diverse physiological functions, notably cardiovascular homeostasis. The RAS is of ancient origin and although most components of the RAS are present within the brain of teleost fishes, little is known regarding the central physiological actions of the RAS in these vertebrates. The present review encompasses the most relevant functional data for a role of the brain RAS in cardiovascular regulations in our experimental animal model, the unanesthetized trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. This paper mainly focuses on the central effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex, after intracerebroventricular injection or local microinjection of the peptide within the dorsal vagal motor nucleus. The probable implications of the parasympathetic nervous system in ANG II-evoked changes in the cardiac responses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Le Mével
- Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale (LaTIM, INSERM U650), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Skøtt
- Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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Takei Y, Tsuchida T, Li Z, Conlon JM. Antidipsogenic effects of eel bradykinins in the eel Anguilla japonica. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R1090-6. [PMID: 11557614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A peptide with bradykinin (BK)-like immunoreactivity was isolated from an incubate of heat-denatured eel plasma with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. The purified peptide had the following amino acid sequence: Arg-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Ser-Trp-Pro-Leu-Arg. This decapeptide, named eel [Arg(0)]BK, was identical to two previously identified BK homologs from cod and trout. High conservation of the BK sequence among distant teleost species suggests an important function in this vertebrate group. Bolus intra-arterial injections of eel [Arg(0)]BK, BK, and [Arg(0)]-des-Arg(9)-BK (1-10 nmol/kg) caused significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of drinking in seawater-adapted eels. The potency of the inhibition was ranked in the following order: [Arg(0)]BK > [Arg(0)]-des-Arg(9)-BK = BK. The BK peptides also produced an immediate, transient increase followed by a sustained increase in arterial blood pressure and an initial decrease followed by an increase in heart rate. Strong tachyphylaxis occurred for the cardiovascular effect but not for the antidipsogenic effect. The order of the potency of the cardiovascular actions, [Arg(0)]BK > BK > [Arg(0)]-des-Arg(9)-BK, was different from that of the antidipsogenic action. Slow infusions of eel [Arg(0)]BK in the dose range 1-1,000 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of drinking without changes in arterial pressure, plasma osmolality, and hematocrit. At the infusion rate of >100 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1), plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, a potent dipsogenic hormone in eels, increased, suggesting an interaction of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems. In mammals, BK is dipsogenic and vasodepressor, so that our data demonstrate opposite effects on fluid and cardiovascular regulation of BK in the eel and suggest a new physiological role for the kallikrein-kinin system in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takei
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan.
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