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Slc25a39 and Slc25a40 Expression in Mice with Bile Duct Ligation or Lipopolysaccharide Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158573. [PMID: 35955707 PMCID: PMC9369313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC25A39/40, involved in mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) import from the cytoplasm, is essential for protection against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We examined the effects of cholestasis, through bile duct ligation (BDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice, on Slc25a39/40 expression. Additionally, we used human clear cell renal carcinoma (KMRC-1) cells to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of SLC25A39/40 expression in the kidneys after LPS treatment. BDL resulted in a decrease in Slc25a39 mRNA in the liver and a decrease in Slc25a39/40 mRNA and protein in the kidneys. Consequently, there was a significant decrease in mGSH levels in the kidneys of BDL mice compared with those in sham mice. LPS treatment resulted in increased Slc25a40 expression in the kidneys. In KMRC-1 cells, the combination treatment of LPS-RS or FPS-ZM1 with LPS suppressed the LPS-induced increase in SLC25A40, suggesting that SLC25A40 expression could be regulated by the signaling pathway via toll-like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products, respectively. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of mGSH in the maintenance of the mitochondrial redox state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the changes in Slc25a39/40 expression in mice with cholestasis-associated renal injury and LPS-induced inflammation.
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Gould RL, Craig SW, McClatchy S, Churchill GA, Pazdro R. Genetic mapping of renal glutathione suggests a novel regulatory locus on the murine X chromosome and overlap with hepatic glutathione regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:28-39. [PMID: 34324982 PMCID: PMC8597656 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical cellular antioxidant that protects against byproducts of aerobic metabolism and other reactive electrophiles to prevent oxidative stress and cell death. Proper maintenance of its reduced form, GSH, in excess of its oxidized form, GSSG, prevents oxidative stress in the kidney and protects against the development of chronic kidney disease. Evidence has indicated that renal concentrations of GSH and GSSG, as well as their ratio GSH/GSSG, are moderately heritable, and past research has identified polymorphisms and candidate genes associated with these phenotypes in mice. Yet those discoveries were made with in silico mapping methods that are prone to false positives and power limitations, so the true loci and candidate genes that control renal glutathione remain unknown. The present study utilized high-resolution gene mapping with the Diversity Outbred mouse stock to identify causal loci underlying variation in renal GSH levels and redox status. Mapping output identified a suggestive locus associated with renal GSH on murine chromosome X at 51.602 Mbp, and bioinformatic analyses identified apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 1 (Aifm1) as the most plausible candidate. Then, mapping outputs were compiled and compared against the genetic architecture of the hepatic GSH system, and we discovered a locus on murine chromosome 14 that overlaps between hepatic GSH concentrations and renal GSH redox potential. Overall, the results support our previously proposed model that the GSH redox system is regulated by both global and tissue-specific loci, vastly improving our understanding of GSH and its regulation and proposing new candidate genes for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven W Craig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Susan McClatchy
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Gary A Churchill
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Macias-Barragan J, Huerta-Olvera SG, Hernandez-Cañaveral I, Pereira-Suarez AL, Montoya-Buelna M. Cadmium and α-lipoic acid activate similar de novo synthesis and recycling pathways for glutathione balance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:38-46. [PMID: 28366867 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) protects cells against oxidative stress. Redox modifiers induce GSH biosynthesis and recycling to maintain reduced environment inside cells. Cadmium (Cd2+) is a heavy metal that activates redox-sensitive transcriptional factors. The antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) has shown to modulate GSH pathways. This study aimed to investigate de novo synthesis and recycling pathways for GSH balance by different Cd2+ concentrations and ALA in HepG2 cells. ALA activates Nrf2 pathway leading to GSH increment. Pre-treatment with 1μM Cd2+ or ALA produces tolerance to 5μM Cd2+ toxic effects. 5μM Cd2+ exposure significantly augmented nuclear Nrf2, GSH and GCLC, GCLM, HMOX1, TNFα and IL-6 mRNA expression but not GSR, however these upsurges were significantly abrogated by ALA or 1μM Cd2+ pre-treatments. Exposure to low Cd2+ concentration generate timely protective responses, similar to that elicited by ALA, maintaining a normal redox balance inside the cell due to GSH replenishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Macias-Barragan
- Department of Health Sciences, CUValles, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara - Ameca Rd Km. 45.5, Ameca, Jalisco, 46600, Mexico; Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Physiology, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico.
| | - Selene G Huerta-Olvera
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, CUCienega, University of Guadalajara, 1115 Universidad Ave., Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico
| | - Ivan Hernandez-Cañaveral
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suarez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Physiology, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Margarita Montoya-Buelna
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Physiology, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
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Serna E, Mauricio MD, Lluch P, Segarra G, Cortina B, Lluch S, Medina P. Basal release of nitric oxide in the mesenteric artery in portal hypertension and cirrhosis: role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:880-6. [PMID: 23302093 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased basal release of nitric oxide (NO) in the splanchnic circulation contributes to elevated plasma levels of NO observed in decompensated cirrhosis. We evaluated in rat mesenteric arteries whether the differences in basal release of NO, revealed by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)- and N(G) -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced contractions, were associated with changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs). METHODS Rat small mesenteric arteries from 14 Sham-control, from 14 with partial portal vein ligation (PPVL), and from 14 with bile duct excision (BDE)-induced cirrhosis were precontracted under isometric conditions with norepinephrine, and additional contractions were induced with ADMA and L-NAME. mRNA expression of eNOS, DDAH-1, and DDAH-2 in mesenteric arteries were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ADMA and L-NAME caused concentration- and endothelium-dependent contractions. pD2 values to L-NAME were similar in all groups. In contrast, pD2 values to ADMA were similar in PPVL and BDE but were significantly lower than those of the L-NAME and the Sham groups. Relaxation to acetylcholine was not modified by ADMA or L-NAME but was abolished by charybdotoxin plus apamin. There was an increased mRNA expression of eNOS, DDAH-1, and DDAH-2 in mesenteric arteries from PPVL and BDE compared with the Sham group. CONCLUSION Basal release of NO is increased in mesenteric arteries of PPVL and BDE rats. The rise in expression of DDAHs indicates a higher degradation of ADMA. This would result in an increased generation of endothelial NO and mesenteric vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Tain YL, Hsieh CS, Chen CC, Sheen JM, Lee CT, Huang LT. Melatonin prevents increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in young rats with bile duct ligation. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:212-221. [PMID: 20210851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and treating kidney injury in cirrhosis is important. Bile duct ligation (BDL) is a commonly used cholestatic liver disease model. We hypothesized that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is involved in BDL-induced oxidative stress and kidney injury, which can be prevented by melatonin. We also intended to elucidate whether increased ADMA is due to increased protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1, ADMA-synthesizing enzyme) and/or decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH, ADMA-metabolizing enzyme). Three groups of young rats were studied, sham (N = 7), untreated BDL rats (N = 9), and melatonin-treated BDL rats (N = 6, BDL + M). Melatonin-treated BDL rats received daily melatonin 1 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection. One-third of the young BDL rats died compared with none in the BDL + M group. All surviving rats were killed 14 days after surgery. BDL rats had higher plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, direct and total bilirubin, and ammonia levels than shams. They also had kidney injury characterized by increased tubulointerstitial injury scores and plasma creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine levels, which melatonin prevented. Plasma ADMA levels were elevated in BDL rats, combined with increased hepatic PRMT1 and decreased renal DDAH activity. In addition, melatonin increased hepatic DDAH2 expression, increased DDAH activity and concomitantly decreased ADMA contents in both the liver and kidney. In conclusion, melatonin therapy decreased mortality and prevented kidney injury induced by BDL via reduction of ADMA (by increasing DDAH activity) and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Hsieh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Geier A, Dietrich CG, Grote T, Beuers U, Prüfer T, Fraunberger P, Matern S, Gartung C, Gerbes AL, Bilzer M. Characterization of organic anion transporter regulation, glutathione metabolism and bile formation in the obese Zucker rat. J Hepatol 2005; 43:1021-30. [PMID: 16139386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alterations in hepatobiliary transporters may render fatty livers more vulnerable against various toxic insults. METHODS We therefore studied expression and function of key organic anion transporters and their transactivators in 8-week-old obese Zucker rats, an established model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. RESULTS Compared to their heterozygous littermates, obese animals showed a significant reduction in canalicular bile salt secretion, which was paralleled by significantly diminished Oatp2 mRNA and protein levels together with reduced nuclear HNF3beta, while expression of bile salt export pump, organic anion transporter (Oatp) 1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 4 were unchanged. Impaired bile salt-independent bile flow in obese rats was associated with a 50% reduction of biliary secretion of the Mrp 2 model-substrates glutathione disulfide and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione. In line Mrp2 protein expression was reduced by 50% in obese rats. CONCLUSIONS Oatp2 and Mrp2 expression is decreased in fatty liver and may impair metabolism and biliary secretion of numerous xenobiotics. Reduction of bile salt secretion and absence of biliary GSH excretion may contribute to impaired bile flow and posthepatic disorders associated with biliary GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aachen University (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
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