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Liu Y, Xu K, Xiang Y, Ma B, Li H, Li Y, Shi Y, Li S, Bai Y. Role of MCP-1 as an inflammatory biomarker in nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303076. [PMID: 38239353 PMCID: PMC10794684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also referred to as chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), belongs to the extensive chemokine family and serves as a crucial mediator of innate immunity and tissue inflammation. It has a notable impact on inflammatory conditions affecting the kidneys. Upon binding to its receptor, MCP-1 can induce lymphocytes and NK cells' homing, migration, activation, differentiation, and development while promoting monocytes' and macrophages' infiltration, thereby facilitating kidney disease-related inflammation. As a biomarker for kidney disease, MCP-1 has made notable advancements in primary kidney diseases such as crescentic glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, primary glomerulopathy, idiopathic proteinuria glomerulopathy, acute kidney injury; secondary kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis; hereditary kidney diseases including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and sickle cell kidney disease. MCP-1 not only predicts the occurrence, progression, prognosis of the disease but is also closely associated with the severity and stage of nephropathy. When renal tissue is stimulated or experiences significant damage, the expression of MCP-1 increases, demonstrating a direct correlation with the severity of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhua Xiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Boyan Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Shuju Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Huang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Hou G, Peng C, Jia M, Zhou L, Yamamoto T, Zheng J. Novel therapeutic perspectives for crescentic glomerulonephritis through targeting parietal epithelial cell activation and proliferation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:55-69. [PMID: 36738160 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney injury is clinically classified as crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) when ≥50% of the glomeruli in a biopsy sample contain crescentic lesions. However, current strategies, such as systemic immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis for CrGN, are partially effective, and these drugs have considerable systemic side effects. Hence, targeted therapy to prevent glomerular crescent formation and expansion remains an unmet clinical need. AREAS COVERED Hyperproliferative parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are the main constituent cells of the glomerular crescent with cell-tracing evidence. Crescents obstruct the flow of primary urine, pressure the capillaries, and degenerate the affected nephrons. We reviewed the markers of PEC activation and proliferation, potential therapeutic effects of thrombin and thrombin receptor inhibitors, and how podocytes cross-talk with PECs. These experiments may help identify potential early specific targets for the prevention and treatment of glomerular crescentic injury. EXPERT OPINION Inhibiting PEC activation and proliferation in CrGN can alleviate glomerular crescent progression, which has been supported by preclinical studies with evidence of genetic deletion. Clarifying the outcome of PEC transformation to the podocyte phenotype and suppressing thrombin, thrombin receptors, and PEC hyperproliferation in early therapeutic strategies will be the research goals in the next ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Huang
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueru Zhao
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gailing Hou
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqun Peng
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, 4-1-11 Surugadai, Fujieda, Japan
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Cao Y, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Cellular phenotypic transitions in diabetic nephropathy: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038073. [PMID: 36408221 PMCID: PMC9666367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in DN. It is widely believed that cellular phenotypic switching is the cause of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Several types of kidney cells undergo activation and differentiation and become reprogrammed to express markers of mesenchymal cells or podocyte-like cells. However, the development of targeted therapy for DN has not yet been identified. Here, we discussed the pathophysiologic changes of DN and delineated the possible origins that contribute to myofibroblasts and podocytes through phenotypic transitions. We also highlight the molecular signaling pathways involved in the phenotypic transition, which would provide valuable information for the activation of phenotypic switching and designing effective therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hoffmann N, Peters J. Functions of the (pro)renin receptor (Atp6ap2) at molecular and system levels: pathological implications in hypertension, renal and brain development, inflammation, and fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105922. [PMID: 34607004 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR, Atp6ap2] was initially discovered as a membrane-bound binding partner of prorenin and renin. A soluble (P)RR has additional paracrine effects and is involved in metabolic syndrome and kidney damage. Meanwhile it is clear that most of the effects of the (P)RR are independent of prorenin. In the kidney, (P)RR plays an important role in renal dysfunction by activating proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules. In the brain, (P)RR is expressed in cardiovascular regulatory nuclei and is linked to hypertension. (P)RR is known to be an essential component of the v-ATPase as a key accessory protein and plays an important role in kidney, brain and heart via regulating the pH of the extracellular space and intracellular compartments. V-ATPase and (P)RR together act on WNT and mTOR signalling pathways, which are responsible for cellular homeostasis and autophagy. (P)RR through its role in v-ATPase assembly and function is also important for fast recycling endocytosis by megalin. In the kidney, megalin together with v-ATPase and (P)RR is crucial for endocytic uptake of components of the RAS and their intracellular processing. In the brain, (P)RR, v-ATPases and megalin are important regulators both during development and in the adult. All three proteins are associated with diseases such as XLMR, XMRE, X-linked parkinsonism and epilepsy, cognitive disorders with Parkinsonism, spasticity, intellectual disability, and Alzheimer's Disease which are characterized by impaired neuronal function and/or neuronal loss. The present review focusses on the relevant effects of Atp6ap2 without assigning them necessarily to the RAS. Mechanistically, many effects can be well explained by the role of Atp6ap2 for v-ATPase assembly and function. Furthermore, application of a soluble (P)RR analogue as new therapeutic option is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Peters
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Moratal C, Laurain A, Naïmi M, Florin T, Esnault V, Neels JG, Chevalier N, Chinetti G, Favre G. Regulation of Monocytes/Macrophages by the Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy: State of the Art and Results of a Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116009. [PMID: 34199409 PMCID: PMC8199594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by albuminuria, loss of renal function, renal fibrosis and infiltration of macrophages originating from peripheral monocytes inside kidneys. DN is also associated with intrarenal overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), an enzymatic cascade which is expressed and controlled at the cell and/or tissue levels. All members of the RAS are present in the kidneys and most of them are also expressed in monocytes/macrophages. This review focuses on the control of monocyte recruitment and the modulation of macrophage polarization by the RAS in the context of DN. The local RAS favors the adhesion of monocytes on renal endothelial cells and increases the production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and of osteopontin in tubular cells, driving monocytes into the kidneys. There, proinflammatory cytokines and the RAS promote the differentiation of macrophages into the M1 proinflammatory phenotype, largely contributing to renal lesions of DN. Finally, resolution of the inflammatory process is associated with a phenotype switch of macrophages into the M2 anti-inflammatory subset, which protects against DN. The pharmacologic interruption of the RAS reduces albuminuria, improves the trajectory of the renal function, decreases macrophage infiltration in the kidneys and promotes the switch of the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Moratal
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Audrey Laurain
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d’Azur University, 06107 Nice, France; (A.L.); (V.E.); (G.F.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), 06107 Nice, France
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Department, University Hospital, 06002 Nice, France;
| | - Mourad Naïmi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Thibault Florin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Department, University Hospital, 06002 Nice, France;
| | - Vincent Esnault
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d’Azur University, 06107 Nice, France; (A.L.); (V.E.); (G.F.)
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Department, University Hospital, 06002 Nice, France;
| | - Jaap G. Neels
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06000 Nice, France; (N.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06000 Nice, France; (N.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d’Azur University, 06107 Nice, France; (A.L.); (V.E.); (G.F.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), 06107 Nice, France
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Department, University Hospital, 06002 Nice, France;
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