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Liu C, Yao K, Tian Q, Guo Y, Wang G, He P, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Li M. CXCR4-BTK axis mediate pyroptosis and lipid peroxidation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102960. [PMID: 37979447 PMCID: PMC10694315 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is critical for homeostasis of the adaptive and innate immune system in some CNS diseases. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential kinase that regulates inflammation in immune cells through multiple signaling pathways. This study aims to explore the effect of CXCR4 and BTK on neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Our results showed that the expression of CXCR4 and p-BTK increased significantly at 24 h after SAH in vivo and in vitro. Ibrutinib improved neurological impairment, BBB disruption, cerebral edema, lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation and neuronal death at 24 h after SAH. Inhibition of BTK phosphorylation promoted the in vitro transition of hemin-treated proinflammatory microglia to the anti-inflammatory state, inhibited the p-P65 expression and microglial pyroptosis. NLRP3 deficiency can significantly reduce pyroptosis in SAH mice. Moreover, CXCR4 inhibition can suppress NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, NF-κB activation and NOX2 expression in vitro, and ibrutinib can abolish CXCR4-aggravated BBB damage and pyroptosis in EBI after SAH. The levels of CXCR4 in CSF of SAH patients is significantly increased, and it is positively correlated with GSDMD and IL-1β levels, and have a moderate diagnostic value for outcome at 6-month follow-up. Our findings revealed the effect of CXCR4 and P-BTK on NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and lipid peroxidation after SAH in vivo and in vitro, and the potential diagnostic role of CXCR4 in CSF of SAH patients. Inhibition of CXCR4-BTK axis can significantly attenuate NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and lipid peroxidation by regulating NF-κB activation in EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Peibang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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Yu J, Wei X, Gao J, Wang C, Wei W. Role of cyclosporin A in the treatment of kidney disease and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 2023; 492:153544. [PMID: 37164250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of cyclosporin A (CsA) has led to significant advances and achievements in the field of transplantation and immune diseases. However, the nephrotoxicity of CsA is a major concern in current immunosuppression regimens. CsA causes abnormal kidney function while treating kidney disease, causing problems for clinicians and patients. Evidence of CsA nephrotoxicity is almost always present in transplant recipients after long-term CsA administration (up to 10 years), and similar phenomena occur with other calcineurin inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and influencing factors of CsA for the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome. The mechanisms of CsA nephrotoxicity, clinical-pathological features, diagnosis, prevention strategies, and risk factors are summarized. We discuss the correlates and mechanisms of the switch between kidney disease prevention and nephrotoxicity of CsA to better understand the function of CsA in the kidney and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of CsA nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jinzhang Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Seth A, Yokokura Y, Choi JY, Shyer JA, Vidyarthi A, Craft J. AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211110. [PMID: 36820828 PMCID: PMC9998660 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated gene expression programs enable development and function of T cell subsets. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells coordinate humoral immune responses by providing selective and instructive cues to germinal center B cells. Here, we show that AP-1-independent NFAT gene expression, a program associated with hyporesponsive T cell states like anergy or exhaustion, is also a distinguishing feature of Tfh cells. NFAT signaling in Tfh cells, maintained by NFAT2 autoamplification, is required for their survival. ICOS signaling upregulates Bcl6 and induces an AP-1-independent NFAT program in primary T cells. Using lupus-prone mice, we demonstrate that genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of NFAT signaling specifically impacts Tfh cell maintenance and leads to amelioration of autoantibody production and renal injury. Our data provide important conceptual and therapeutic insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yokokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin A. Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aurobind Vidyarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Ume AC, Wenegieme TY, Shelby JN, Paul-Onyia CDB, Waite AMJ, Kamau JK, Adams DN, Susuki K, Bennett ES, Ren H, Williams CR. Tacrolimus induces fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism to contribute to renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F433-F445. [PMID: 36927118 PMCID: PMC10085566 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00226.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is limited by irreversible kidney damage, hallmarked by renal fibrosis. CNIs directly damage many renal cell types. Given the diverse renal cell populations, additional targeted cell types and signaling mechanisms warrant further investigation. We hypothesized that fibroblasts contribute to CNI-induced renal fibrosis and propagate profibrotic effects via the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling axis. To test this, kidney damage-resistant mice (C57BL/6) received tacrolimus (10 mg/kg) or vehicle for 21 days. Renal damage markers and signaling mediators were assessed. To investigate their role in renal damage, mouse renal fibroblasts were exposed to tacrolimus (1 nM) or vehicle for 24 h. Morphological and functional changes in addition to downstream signaling events were assessed. Tacrolimus-treated kidneys displayed evidence of renal fibrosis. Moreover, α-smooth muscle actin expression was significantly increased, suggesting the presence of fibroblast activation. TGF-β receptor activation and downstream Smad2/3 signaling were also upregulated. Consistent with in vivo findings, tacrolimus-treated renal fibroblasts displayed a phenotypic switch known as fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), as α-smooth muscle actin, actin stress fibers, cell motility, and collagen type IV expression were significantly increased. These findings were accompanied by concomitant induction of TGF-β signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of the downstream TGF-β effector Smad3 attenuated tacrolimus-induced phenotypic changes. Collectively, these findings suggest that 1) tacrolimus inhibits the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells axis while inducing TGF-β1 ligand secretion and receptor activation in renal fibroblasts; 2) aberrant TGF-β receptor activation stimulates Smad-mediated production of myofibroblast markers, notable features of FMT; and 3) FMT contributes to extracellular matrix expansion in tacrolimus-induced renal fibrosis. These results incorporate renal fibroblasts into the growing list of CNI-targeted cell types and identify renal FMT as a process mediated via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renal fibrosis, a detrimental feature of irreversible kidney damage, remains a sinister consequence of long-term calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressive therapy. Our study not only incorporates renal fibroblasts into the growing list of cell types negatively impacted by CNIs but also identifies renal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition as a process mediated via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism. This insight will direct future studies investigating the feasibility of inhibiting TGF-β signaling to maintain CNI-mediated immunosuppression while ultimately preserving kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaku C Ume
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Tara Y Wenegieme
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Jennae N Shelby
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Chiagozie D B Paul-Onyia
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Aston M J Waite
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - John K Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Danielle N Adams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Eric S Bennett
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
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Nsengimana B, Okpara ES, Hou W, Yan C, Han S. Involvement of oxidative species in cyclosporine-mediated cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004844. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine is an established medication for the prevention of transplant rejection. However, adverse consequences such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cholestasis have been associated with prolonged usage. In cyclosporine-induced obstructive and chronic cholestasis, for example, the overproduction of oxidative stress is significantly increased. Additionally, cyclosporine exerts adverse effects on liver function and redox balance responses in treated rats, as evidenced by its increasing levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin while also decreasing the levels of glutathione and NADPH. Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin to produce its therapeutic effects, and the resulting complex inhibits calcineurin, causing calcium to accumulate in the mitochondria. Accumulating calcium with concomitant mitochondrial abnormalities induces oxidative stress, perturbation in ATP balance, and failure of calcium pumps. Also, cyclosporine-induced phagocyte oxidative stress generation via the interaction of phagocytes with Toll-like receptor-4 has been studied. The adverse effect of cyclosporine may be amplified by the release of mitochondrial DNA, mediated by oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. Given the uncertainty surrounding the mechanism of cyclosporine-induced oxidative stress in cholestasis, we aim to illuminate the involvement of oxidative stress in cyclosporine-mediated cholestasis and also explore possible strategic interventions that may be applied in the future.
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