1
|
Foresto-Neto O, da Silva ARPA, Cipelli M, Santana-Novelli FPR, Camara NOS. The impact of hypoxia-inducible factors in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases: a link through cell metabolism. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:561-578. [PMID: 37448286 PMCID: PMC10565456 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are sensitive to disturbances in oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia and activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway alter the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of renal and immune cells, interfering with their functioning. Whether the transcriptional activity of HIF protects the kidneys or participates in the pathogenesis of renal diseases is unclear. Several studies have indicated that HIF signaling promotes fibrosis in experimental models of kidney disease. Other reports showed a protective effect of HIF activation on kidney inflammation and injury. In addition to the direct effect of HIF on the kidneys, experimental evidence indicates that HIF-mediated metabolic shift activates inflammatory cells, supporting the HIF cascade as a link between lung or gut damage and worsening of renal disease. Although hypoxia and HIF activation are present in several scenarios of renal diseases, further investigations are needed to clarify whether interfering with the HIF pathway is beneficial in different pathological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella Cipelli
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zambom FFF, Albino AH, Tessaro HM, Foresto-Neto O, Malheiros DMAC, Saraiva Camara NO, Zatz R. Chronic environmental hypoxia attenuates innate immunity activation and renal injury in two CKD models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F283-F298. [PMID: 37439199 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00200.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia has been pointed out as a major pathogenic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, epidemiological and experimental evidence inconsistent with this notion has been described. We have previously reported that chronic exposure to low ambient Po2 promoted no renal injury in normal rats and in rats with 5/6 renal ablation (Nx) unexpectedly attenuated renal injury. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to low ambient Po2 would also be renoprotective in two additional models of CKD: adenine (ADE) excess and chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. In both models, normobaric ambient hypoxia attenuated the development of renal injury and inflammation. In addition, renal hypoxia limited the activation of NF-κB and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome cascades as well as oxidative stress and intrarenal infiltration by angiotensin II-positive cells. Renal activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, along with other adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia, may have contributed to these renoprotective effects. The present findings may contribute to unravel the pathogenesis of CKD and to the development of innovative strategies to arrest its progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypoxia is regarded as a major pathogenic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In disagreement with this view, we show here that sustained exposure to low ambient Po2 lessened kidney injury and inflammation in two CKD models: adenine (ADE) excess and chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Together with our previous findings in the remnant kidney, these observations indicate that local changes elicited by hypoxia may exert renoprotection in CKD, raising the prospect of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Helen Albino
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Mendonça Tessaro
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adam RJ, Williams AC, Kriegel AJ. Comparison of the Surgical Resection and Infarct 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F639-F654. [PMID: 35379002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5/6 nephrectomy rat remnant kidney model is commonly employed to study chronic kidney disease (CKD). This model requires removal of one whole kidney and two-thirds of the other. The two most common ways of producing the remnant kidney are surgical resection of poles, known as the polectomy (Pol) model, or ligation of upper and lower renal arterial branches, resulting in pole infarction (Inf). These models have much in common, but also major phenotypic differences, and thus respectively model unique aspects of human CKD. The purpose of this review is to summarize phenotypic similarities and differences between these two models and their relation to human CKD, while emphasizing their vascular phenotype. In this article we review studies that have evaluated arterial blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), autoregulation, nitric oxide, single nephron physiology, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and capillary rarefaction in these two models. Phenotypic similarities: both models spontaneously develop hallmarks of human CKD including uremia, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, and progressive renal function decline. They both undergo whole-organ hypertrophy, hyperfiltration of functional nephrons, reduced renal expression of angiogenic factor VEGF, increased renal expression of the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1, impaired renal autoregulation, and abnormal vascular nitric oxide physiology. Key phenotypic differences: the Inf model develops rapid-onset, moderate-to-severe systemic hypertension, and the Pol model early normotension followed by mild-to-moderate hypertension. The Inf rat has a markedly more active renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Comparison of these two models facilitates understanding of how they can be utilized for studying CKD pathophysiology (e.g., RAAS dependent or independent pathology).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Adam
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Adaysha C Williams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang YY, Gu LJ, Zhu N, Wang L, Cai MC, Jia JS, Rong S, Yuan WJ. Calpain 6 inhibits autophagy in inflammatory environments: A preliminary study on myoblasts and a chronic kidney disease rat model. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:194. [PMID: 34435644 PMCID: PMC8416137 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-classical calpain, calpain 6 (CAPN6), can inhibit skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. In the present study, the role of CAPN6 in the regulation of the autophagy of myoblasts in vitro was investigated. The underlying molecular events and the CAPN6 level in atrophic skeletal muscle in a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were also investigated. In vitro, CAPN6 was overexpressed, or knocked down, in rat L6 myoblasts to assess autophagy and related gene expression and co-localization. Subsequently, myoblasts were treated with a mixture of cytokines, and relative gene expression and autophagy were assessed. A rat model of CKD for muscle atrophy was established, and blood chemical level and the expression of CAPN6 in muscle were assessed. The data revealed that the knockdown of CAPN6 in rat myoblasts resulted in increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) levels, while its overexpression decreased LC3 levels and impaired autophagy. Additionally, it was observed that the co-localization of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a lysosomal marker, proteins was increased. In addition, mTOR, Raptor and α-tubulin (a marker of microtubules) increased in the CAPN6 overexpression group. However, inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (INF)-γ and lipopolysaccharides upregulated CAPN6 expression, inhibited L6 myoblast autophagy and stabilized mTOR activity. Furthermore, the animal model successfully mimicked human disease as regards an increase in body weight, and a reduction in muscle mass, cross-sectional area and blood biomarker concentrations; a slight increase in CAPN6 mRNA and protein levels in muscles was observed. Finally, the data of the present study suggested that CAPN6 reduced autophagy via the maintenance of mTOR signaling, which may play a role in CKD-related muscle atrophy. However, future studies are required to determine whether CAPN6 may be used as an intervention target for CKD-related skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Li Jie Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Min Chao Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shuang Jia
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Shu Rong
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jie Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fachi JL, Pral LP, dos Santos JAC, Codo AC, de Oliveira S, Felipe JS, Zambom FFF, Câmara NOS, Vieira PMMM, Colonna M, Vinolo MAR. Hypoxia enhances ILC3 responses through HIF-1α-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:828-841. [PMID: 33446906 PMCID: PMC8221997 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have a prominent role in the maintenance of intestine mucosa homeostasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important modulator of immune cell activation and a key mechanism for cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, its role on ILC3 is not well known. In this study, we investigated how a hypoxic environment modulates ILC3 response and the subsequent participation of HIF-1 signaling in this process. We found increased proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC3 at low oxygen levels, a response that was phenocopied when HIF-1α was chemically stabilized and was reversed when HIF-1 was blocked. The increased activation of ILC3 relied on a HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional program, but not on mTOR-signaling or a switch to glycolysis. HIF-1α deficiency in RORyt compartment resulted in impaired IL-17 and IL-22 production by ILC3 in vivo, which reflected in a lower expression of their target genes in the intestinal epithelium and an increased susceptibility to Clostridiodes difficile infection. Taken together, our results show that HIF-1α activation in intestinal ILC3 is relevant for their functions in steady state and infectious conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Fachi
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - L. P. Pral
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J. A. C. dos Santos
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A. C. Codo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - S. de Oliveira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J. S. Felipe
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - F. F. F. Zambom
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N. O. S. Câmara
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. M. M. M. Vieira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. Colonna
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - M. A. R. Vinolo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Licea-Vargas H, Lan R, Picken MM, Long J, Williamson GA, Rosenberger C, Mathia S, Venkatachalam MA, Bidani AK. Pathophysiology of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury: importance of renal counterbalance and implications for the AKI-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1086-F1099. [PMID: 32174143 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00590.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIR) injury leads to progressive renal atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and is commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of the acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease transition. Although it is well known that contralateral nephrectomy (CNX), even 2 wk post-UIR injury, can improve recovery, the physiological mechanisms and tubular signaling pathways mediating such improved recovery remain poorly defined. Here, we examined the renal hemodynamic and tubular signaling pathways associated with UIR injury and its reversal by CNX. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left UIR or sham UIR and 2 wk later CNX or sham CNX. Blood pressure, left renal blood flow (RBF), and total glomerular filtration rate were assessed in conscious rats for 3 days before and over 2 wk after CNX or sham CNX. In the presence of a contralateral uninjured kidney, left RBF was lower (P < 0.05) from 2 to 4 wk following UIR (3.6 ± 0.3 mL/min) versus sham UIR (9.6 ± 0.3 mL/min). Without CNX, extensive renal atrophy, TIF, and tubule dedifferentiation, but minimal pimonidazole and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α positivity in tubules, were present at 4 wk post-UIR injury. Conversely, CNX led (P < 0.05) to sustained increases in left RBF (6.2 ± 0.6 mL/min) that preceded the increases in glomerular filtration rate. The CNX-induced improvement in renal function was associated with renal hypertrophy, more redifferentiated tubules, less TIF, and robust pimonidazole and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α staining in UIR injured kidneys. Thus, contrary to expectations, indexes of hypoxia are not observed with the extensive TIF at 4 wk post-UIR injury in the absence of CNX but are rather associated with the improved recovery of renal function and structure following CNX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Polichnowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hector Licea-Vargas
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maria M Picken
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jainrui Long
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Geoffrey A Williamson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Rosenberger
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mathia
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anil K Bidani
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|