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Gonsalez SR, Gomes DS, de Souza AM, Ferrão FM, Vallotton Z, Gogulamudi VR, Lowe J, Casarini DE, Prieto MC, Lara LS. The Triad Na + Activated Na + Channel (Nax)-Salt Inducible KINASE (SIK) and (Na + + K +)-ATPase: Targeting the Villains to Treat Salt Resistant and Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097887. [PMID: 37175599 PMCID: PMC10178781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na+-activated Na+ channel (Nax) and salt-inducible kinase (SIK) are stimulated by increases in local Na+ concentration, affecting (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. To test the hypothesis that the triad Nax/SIK/(Na+ + K+)-ATPase contributes to kidney injury and salt-sensitive hypertension (HTN), uninephrectomized male Wistar rats (200 g; n = 20) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on a salt diet (normal salt diet; NSD-0.5% NaCl-or high-salt diet; HSD-4% NaCl) and subcutaneous administration of saline (0.9% NaCl) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 8 mg/kg), as follows: Control (CTRL), CTRL-Salt, DOCA, and DOCA-Salt, respectively. After 28 days, the following were measured: kidney function, blood pressure, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and SIK1 kidney activities, and Nax and SIK1 renal expression levels. SIK isoforms in kidneys of CTRL rats were present in the glomerulus and tubular epithelia; they were not altered by HSD and/or HTN. CTRL-Salt rats remained normotensive but presented slight kidney function decay. HSD rats displayed augmentation of the Nax/SIK/(Na+ + K+)-ATPase pathway. HTN, kidney injury, and kidney function decay were present in all DOCA rats; these were aggravated by HSD. DOCA rats presented unaltered (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity, diminished total SIK activity, and augmented SIK1 and Nax content in the kidney cortex. DOCA-Salt rats expressed SIK1 activity and downregulation in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in the kidney cortex despite augmented Nax content. The data of this study indicate that the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity response to SIK is attenuated in rats under HSD, independent of HTN, as a mechanism contributing to kidney injury and salt-sensitive HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R Gonsalez
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Dayene S Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Ferrão
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-BIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Zoe Vallotton
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Tulane Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Venkateswara R Gogulamudi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Tulane Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jennifer Lowe
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Tulane Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lucienne S Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
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Liu Y, Wei JA, Luo Z, Cui J, Luo Y, Mak SOK, Wang S, Zhang F, Yang Y, So KF, Shi L, Zhang L, Chow BKC. A gut-brain axis mediates sodium appetite via gastrointestinal peptide regulation on a medulla-hypothalamic circuit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5330. [PMID: 36791202 PMCID: PMC9931223 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salt homeostasis is orchestrated by both neural circuits and peripheral endocrine factors. The colon is one of the primary sites for electrolyte absorption, while its potential role in modulating sodium intake remains unclear. Here, we revealed that a gastrointestinal hormone, secretin, is released from colon endocrine cells under body sodium deficiency and is indispensable for inducing salt appetite. As the neural substrate, circulating secretin activates specific receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tracts, which further activates the downstream paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, resulting in enhanced sodium intake. These results demonstrated a previously unrecognized gut-brain pathway for the timely regulation of sodium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ji-an Wei
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhihua Luo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sarah Oi Kwan Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Doxycycline treatment reestablishes renal function of Wistar rats in experimental envenomation with Bothrops jararacussu venom. Toxicon 2021; 199:20-30. [PMID: 34058237 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is one of the main complications of ophidian accidents and the leading cause of death in patients who survive the initial damage effects of venom. The hypothesis proposed in this investigation is that the pharmacological repositioning of doxycycline (doxy) attenuates renal injury provoked by Bothrops jararacussu (Bj) venom. Male Wistar rats were subjected or not (control) to experimental envenomation with Bj venom (3.5 mg/kg, im). Doxy (3 mg/kg, ip) was administered 2 h after envenoming. Envenomation with Bj venom promoted tissue damage in the renal cortex (moderate degree, score 3) in 24 h associated with decreased glomerular and tubular function, which promoted proteinuria and polyuria. Doxy treatment prevented the increase in urinary volume in 3 times, the increase in plasma creatinine in 33%, the increase in blood urea-nitrogen accumulation in 65%, the increase in urinary Na+ excretion in 2 times, marked proteinuria and kidney cortex injury induced by Bj envenomation. Bj venom promoted increase in protein content (66%) and reduction of 45% (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in the renal cortex. The enzyme was detected mainly in the luminal membrane. Doxy treatment was effective in preventing the mentioned alterations, maintaining (Na++K+)-ATPase in the basolateral membranes.
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Curnow AC, Gonsalez SR, Gogulamudi VR, Visniauskas B, Simon EE, Gonzalez AA, Majid DSA, Lara LS, Prieto MC. Low Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Increases Renin Production in the Collecting Duct. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559341. [PMID: 33281610 PMCID: PMC7705222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, the stimulation of renin production by the collecting duct (CD-renin) contributes to the development of hypertension. The CD is a major nephron segment for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), and low NO bioavailability in the renal medulla is associated with hypertension. However, it is unknown whether NO regulates renin production in the CD. To test the hypothesis that low intrarenal NO levels stimulate the production of CD-renin, we first examined renin expression in the distal nephron segments of CD-eNOS deficient mice. In these mice, specific CD-renin immunoreactivity was increased compared to wild-type littermates; however, juxtaglomerular (JG) renin was not altered. To further assess the intracellular mechanisms involved, we then treated M-1 cells with either 1 mM L-NAME (L-arginine analog), an inhibitor of NO synthase activity, or 1 mM NONOate, a NO donor. Both treatments increased intracellular renin protein levels in M-1 cells. However, only the inhibition of NOS with L-NAME stimulated renin synthesis and secretion as reflected by the increase in Ren1C transcript and renin protein levels in the extracellular media, respectively. In addition, NONOate induced a fast mobilization of cGMP and intracellular renin accumulation. These response was partially prevented by guanylyl cyclase inhibition with ODQ (1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1]. Accumulation of intracellular renin was blocked by protein kinase G (PKG) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. Our data indicate that low NO bioavailability increases CD-renin synthesis and secretion, which may contribute to the activation of intrarenal renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Curnow
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sabrina R. Gonsalez
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric E. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lucienne S. Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Chen L, Chu C, Wang Y, Lv Y, He M, Martin M, Huang PH, Mu JJ, Shyy JYJ, Yuan ZY. Short-Term High-Salt Diet Increases Corin Level to Regulate the Salt-Water Balance in Humans and Rodents. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:253-260. [PMID: 28985241 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sodium and potassium affect the fluctuation in blood pressure (BP) and renal function. Corin, with its enzymatic activity to convert pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to biologically active ANP, regulates BP, cardiac, and renal functions. We investigated whether corin expression responds to a high-salt (HS) diet to regulate salt and water balance. METHODS Forty-two volunteers followed 3 sequential diets for 7 days each: a low-salt (LS) diet (3.0 g/day NaCl), a HS diet (18.0 g/day NaCl), followed by an HS diet with K+ supplementation (HS + K+) (18.0 g/day NaCl and 4.5 g/day KCl). RESULTS Corin level was higher with the HS diet than the LS and HS + K+ diets and was positively correlated with systolic BP (SBP) and 24-hour urinary Na+ and microalbumin (U-mALB) excretion. In rodents, serum and renal levels of corin were transiently increased with the HS diet and were decreased if the HS diet was continued for up to 7 days. HS loading increased SBP, 24-hour urinary Na+, U-mALB excretion, and the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6), a corin activator. Knockdown of PCSK6 or corin in high salt-treated M1-cortical collecting duct (M1-CCD) cells increased the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and β-epithelial Na+ channel (β-ENaC). CONCLUSIONS Short-term HS may induce the PCSK6-corin-ANP-AQP2/β-ENaC pathway in the kidney. Enhanced serum corin level in humans and rodents is positively correlated with HS-induced SBP and 24-hour urinary Na+ and U-mALB excretion, which suggests that corin is involved in the salt-water balance in response to HS intake. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Public Trials Registry Number NCT02915315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yanjun Yin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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Lara LS, Bourgeois CRT, El-Dahr SS, Prieto MC. Bradykinin/B 2 receptor activation regulates renin in M-1 cells via protein kinase C and nitric oxide. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13211. [PMID: 28373410 PMCID: PMC5392507 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the collecting duct (CD), the interactions of renin angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) modulate Na+ reabsorption, volume homeostasis, and blood pressure. In this study, we used a mouse kidney cortical CD cell line (M-1 cells) to test the hypothesis that in the CD, the activation of bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) increases renin synthesis and release. Physiological concentrations of bradykinin (BK) treatment of M-1 cells increased renin mRNA and prorenin and renin protein contents in a dose-dependent manner and increased threefold renin content in the cell culture media. These effects were mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) independently of protein kinase A (PKA) because B2R antagonism with Icatibant and PKC inhibition with calphostin C, prevented these responses, but PKA inhibition with H89 did not modify the effects elicited by the B2R activation. BK-dependent stimulation of renin gene expression in CD cells also involved nitric oxide (NO) pathway because increased cGMP levels and inhibition of NO synthase with L-NAME prevented it. Complementary renin immunohistochemical studies performed in kidneys from mice with conventional B2R knockout and conditional B2R knockout in the CD, showed marked decreased renin immunoreactivity in CD, regardless of the renin presence in juxtaglomerular cells in the knockout mice. These results indicate that the activation of B2R increases renin synthesis and release by the CD cells through PKC stimulation and NO release, which support further the interactions between the RAS and KKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne S Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Camille R T Bourgeois
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana .,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Cortes AL, Gonsalez SR, Rioja LS, Oliveira SSC, Santos ALS, Prieto MC, Melo PA, Lara LS. Protective outcomes of low-dose doxycycline on renal function of Wistar rats subjected to acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:102-114. [PMID: 28987762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute renal failure. Doxycycline (Dc) belongs to the tetracycline-class of antibiotics with demonstrated beneficial molecular effects in the brain and heart, mainly through matrix metalloproteinases inhibition (MMP). However, Dc protection of renal function has not been demonstrated. We determined whether low doses of Dc would prevent decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maintain tubular Na+ handling in Wistar rats subjected to kidney I/R. Male Wistar rats underwent bilateral kidney ischemia for 30min followed by 24h reperfusion (I/R). Doxycycline (1, 3, and 10mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2h before surgery. Untreated I/R rats showed a 250% increase in urine volume and proteinuria, a 60% reduction in GFR, accumulation of urea-nitrogen in the blood, and a 60% decrease in the fractional Na+ excretion due to unbalanced Na+ transporter activity. Treatment with Dc 3mg/kg maintained control levels of urine volume, proteinuria, GFR, blood urea-nitrogen, fractional Na+ excretion, and equilibrated Na+ transporter activities. The Dc protection effects on renal function were associated with kidney structure preservation and prevention of TGFβ and fibronectin deposition. In vitro, total MMP activity was augmented in I/R and inhibited by 25 and 50μM Dc. In vivo, I/R augmented MMP-2 and -9 protein content without changing their activities. Doxycycline treatment downregulated total MMP activity and MMP-2 and -9 protein content. Our results suggest that treatment with low dose Dc protects from IRI, thereby preserving kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L Cortes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R Gonsalez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilimar S Rioja
- Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone S C Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucienne S Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Noda M, Hiyama TY. Sodium sensing in the brain. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:465-74. [PMID: 25491503 PMCID: PMC4325189 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) homeostasis is crucial for life, and the Na+ level ([Na+]) of body fluids is strictly maintained at a range of 135–145 mM. However, the existence of a [Na+] sensor in the brain has long been controversial until Nax was identified as the molecular entity of the sensor. This review provides an overview of the [Na+]-sensing mechanism in the brain for the regulation of salt intake by summarizing a series of our studies on Nax. Nax is a Na channel expressed in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) in the brain. Among the CVOs, the subfornical organ (SFO) is the principal site for the control of salt intake behavior, where Nax populates the cellular processes of astrocytes and ependymal cells enveloping neurons. A local expression of endothelin-3 in the SFO modulates the [Na+] sensitivity for Nax activation, and thereby Nax is likely to be activated in the physiological [Na+] range. Nax stably interacts with Na+/K+-ATPase whereby Na+ influx via Nax is coupled with activation of Na+/K+-ATPase associated with the consumption of ATP. The consequent activation of anaerobic glucose metabolism of Nax-positive glial cells upregulates the cellular release of lactate, and this lactate functions as a gliotransmitter to activate GABAergic neurons in the SFO. The GABAergic neurons presumably regulate hypothetic neurons involved in the control of salt intake behavior. Recently, a patient with essential hypernatremia caused by autoimmunity to Nax was found. In this case, the hypernatremia was considered to be induced by the complement-mediated cell death in the CVOs, where Nax specifically populates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan,
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Li L, Wang F, Wei X, Liang Y, Cui Y, Gao F, Zhong J, Pu Y, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Arendshorst WJ, Nilius B, Chen J, Liu D, Zhu Z. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation by dietary capsaicin promotes urinary sodium excretion by inhibiting epithelial sodium channel α subunit-mediated sodium reabsorption. Hypertension 2014; 64:397-404. [PMID: 24890824 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High salt (HS) intake contributes to the development of hypertension. Epithelial sodium channels play crucial roles in regulating renal sodium reabsorption and blood pressure. The renal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel can be activated by its agonist capsaicin. However, it is unknown whether dietary factors can act on urinary sodium excretion and renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function. Here, we report that TRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin increased urinary sodium excretion through reducing sodium reabsorption in wild-type (WT) mice on a HS diet but not in TRPV1(-/-) mice. The effect of capsaicin on urinary sodium excretion was involved in inhibiting αENaC and its related with-no-lysine kinase 1/serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1 pathway in renal cortical collecting ducts of WT mice. Dietary capsaicin further reduced the increased αENaC activity in WT mice attributed to the HS diet. In contrast, this capsaicin effect was absent in TRPV1(-/-) mice. Immunoprecipitation study indicated αENaC specifically coexpressed and functionally interact with TRPV1 in renal cortical collecting ducts of WT mice. Additionally, ENaC activity and expression were suppressed by capsaicin-mediated TRPV1 activation in cultured M1-cortical collecting duct cells. Long-term dietary capsaicin prevented the development of high blood pressure in WT mice on a HS diet. It concludes that TRPV1 activation in the cortical collecting ducts by capsaicin increases urinary sodium excretion and avoids HS diet-induced hypertension through antagonizing αENaC-mediated urinary sodium reabsorption. Dietary capsaicin may represent a promising lifestyle intervention in populations exposed to a high dietary salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Fei Wang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Xing Wei
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Yi Liang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Yuanting Cui
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Feng Gao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Jian Zhong
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Yunfei Pu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - William J Arendshorst
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Bernd Nilius
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Daoyan Liu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.)
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (L.L., F.W., X.W., Y.L., Y.C., F.G., J.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., Z.Y., J.C., D.L., Z.Z.); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (W.J.A.); and Department of Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.).
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Ayus JC, Negri AL, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moritz ML. Is chronic hyponatremia a novel risk factor for hip fracture in the elderly? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 27:3725-31. [PMID: 23114899 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip fractures represent a serious health risk in the elderly, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. There is now an emerging literature that suggests that chronic hyponatremia increases the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for both falls and fractures in the elderly. Hyponatremia appears to contribute to falls and fractures by two mechanisms: (i) it produces mild cognitive impairment resulting in unsteady gait and falls and (ii) it directly contributes to osteoporosis and increased bone fragility by inducing increased bone resorption to mobilize sodium. There is debate over the effect of hyponatremia on the production of osteoporosis, as one study found decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and another did not. Should we be screening for low serum sodium in patients with osteoporosis or assessing BMD in patients with hyponatremia? The final answer is yet to come from prospective studies that allocate elderly individuals with mild hyponatremia to receive active treatment or not for hyponatremia and see if this intervention prevents gait disturbances and changes in BMD reducing fracture risk. In the meantime, physicians caring for elderly patients must be aware of the association between hyponatremia and bone problems. As serum sodium is a readily available, simple and affordable biochemical measurement, clinicians should look for hyponatremia in elderly patients who take medications that can cause hyponatremia. Also, elderly patients with unsteady gait and/or confusion should be checked for the presence of mild hyponatremia and if present it should not be ignored. Finally, elderly patients presenting with an orthopedic injury should have serum sodium checked and corrected if hyponatremia is present.
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