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Liu C, Yalavarthi S, Tambralli A, Zeng L, Rysenga CE, Alizadeh N, Hudgins L, Liang W, NaveenKumar SK, Shi H, Shelef MA, Atkins KB, Pennathur S, Knight JS. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation alleviates vascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1019. [PMID: 37878711 PMCID: PMC10599623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have previously been linked to some diabetes-associated complications, such as dysfunctional wound healing, their potential role in diabetic vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Diabetic Akita mice were crossed with either Elane-/- or Pad4-/- mice to generate NET-deficient diabetic mice. By 24 weeks of age, Akita aortae showed markedly impaired relaxation in response to acetylcholine, indicative of vascular dysfunction. Both Akita-Elane-/- mice and Akita-Pad4-/- mice had reduced levels of circulating NETs and improved acetylcholine-mediated aortic relaxation. Compared with wild-type aortae, the thromboxane metabolite TXB2 was roughly 10-fold higher in both intact and endothelium-denuded aortae of Akita mice. In contrast, Akita-Elane-/- and Akita-Pad4-/- aortae had TXB2 levels similar to wild type. In summary, inhibition of NETosis by two independent strategies prevented the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetic Akita mice. Thromboxane was up-regulated in the vessel walls of NETosis-competent diabetic mice, suggesting a role for neutrophils in driving the production of this vasoconstrictive and atherogenic prostanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine E. Rysenga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nikoo Alizadeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Hudgins
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miriam A. Shelef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin B. Atkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Samynathan R, Subramanian U, Venkidasamy B, Shariati MA, Chung IM, Thiruvengadam M. S-Allylcysteine (SAC) Exerts Renoprotective Effects via Regulation of TGF-
β1/Smad3 Pathway Mediated Matrix Remodeling in Chronic Renal Failure. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:661-670. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220401114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: S-Allylcysteine (SAC), an organosulfur phytochemical sourced from aged garlic extract,
is well known for its varied biomedical applications, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification
mechanisms. Despite this, the scientific findings on the defensive impact of SAC against kidney failure
(KF) are still unclear. Therefore, in the current investigation, the animal model of KF was induced by adenine
in Wistar rats, and the animals were divided into four groups as control, KF induction using adenine, SAC treated
KF rats for an experimental duration of 8 weeks.
Methods: KF progression was assessed by various serum and tissue markers, and the results demonstrated that
the renal functions’ markers, KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), cystatin, NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated
lipocalin), were found increased in adenine-treated rats compared to control. In addition, the inflammatory
markers, matrix proteins, and fibrosis signatures explicated by RT-PCR, ELISA demonstrated a profound increase.
On the other hand, rats received SAC mitigated KF considerably (p < 0.001) with restored cellular functions.
Besides, SAC pre-treatment abrogated the cytokines and pro-inflammatory signals (COX-2 and PGE2) in
a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Furthermore, the fibrosis signaling markers mediators, such as SMAD-2,-3 were increased with associated
matrix proteins. Thus, the present study substantiated that SAC possesses a significant renoprotective
effect that might have been demonstrated by the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk
Colony, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., Moscow, 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Hu J, Zhu J, Li Q, Fang L. Machine learning-based metabolism-related genes signature and immune infiltration landscape in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1026938. [PMID: 36482994 PMCID: PMC9722730 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1026938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the diagnostic biomarkers of metabolism-related genes (MRGs), and investigate the association of the MRGs and immune infiltration landscape in diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS The transcriptome matrix was downloaded from the GEO database. R package "limma" was utilized to identify the differential expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) of HC and DN samples. Genetic Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of DE-MRGs were performed using "clusterProfiler" R package. WGCNA, LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RFE algorithms were employed to select the diagnostic feature biomarkers for DN. The ROC curve was used to evaluate discriminatory ability for diagnostic feature biomarkers. CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to investigate the fraction of the 22-types immune cells in HC and DN group. The correlation of diagnostic feature biomarkers and immune cells were performed via Spearman-rank correlation algorithm. RESULTS A total of 449 DE-MRGs were identified in this study. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DE-MRGs were mainly enriched in small molecules catabolic process, purine metabolism, and carbon metabolism. ADI1, PTGS2, DGKH, and POLR2B were identified as diagnostic feature biomarkers for DN via WGCNA, LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RFE algorithms. The result of CIBERSORT algorithm illustrated a remarkable difference of immune cells in HC and DN group, and the diagnostic feature biomarkers were closely associated with immune cells. CONCLUSION ADI1, PTGS2, DGKH, and POLR2B were identified as diagnostic feature biomarkers for DN, and associated with the immune infiltration landscape, providing a novel perspective for the future research and clinical management for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjie Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinguo Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Luo Fang,
| | - Luo Fang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Luo Fang,
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Wang L, Tang Y, Buckley AF, Spurney RF. Blockade of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor attenuates proteinuria in a mouse model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15095. [PMID: 34755480 PMCID: PMC8578888 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes play a key role in proteinuric diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that cGMP signaling has podocyte protective effects. The major source of cGMP generation in podocytes is natriuretic peptides. The natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC) binds and degrades natriuretic peptides. As a result, NPRC inhibits natriuretic peptide-induced cGMP generation. To enhance cGMP generation in podocytes, we blocked natriuretic peptide clearance using the specific NPRC ligand ANP(4-23). We then studied the effects of NPRC blockade in both cultured podocytes and in a mouse transgenic (TG) model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) created in our laboratory. In this model, a single dose of the podocyte toxin puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) causes robust albuminuria in TG mice, but only mild disease in non-TG animals. We found that natriuretic peptides protected cultured podocytes from PAN-induced apoptosis, and that ANP(4-23) enhanced natriuretic peptide-induced cGMP generation in vivo. PAN-induced heavy proteinuria in vehicle-treated TG mice, and this increase in albuminuria was reduced by treatment with ANP(4-23). Treatment with ANP(4-23) also reduced the number of mice with glomerular injury and enhanced urinary cGMP excretion, but these differences were not statistically significant. Systolic BP was similar in vehicle and ANP(4-23)-treated mice. These data suggest that: 1. Pharmacologic blockade of NPRC may be useful for treating glomerular diseases such as FSGS, and 2. Treatment outcomes might be improved by optimizing NPRC blockade to inhibit natriuretic peptide clearance more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University and Durham VA Medical CentersDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuping Tang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University and Durham VA Medical CentersDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anne F. Buckley
- Department of PathologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert F. Spurney
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University and Durham VA Medical CentersDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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The Upregulation of COX2 in Human Degenerated Nucleus Pulposus: The Association of Inflammation with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2933199. [PMID: 34707460 PMCID: PMC8545564 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2933199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an important risk factor of low back pain. We previously found upregulated markers of fibrosis, the late stage of chronic inflammation, in degenerated IVD with a small number of clinical specimens. Here, we aimed to study on a larger scale the association of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), an inflammation and/or pain marker, with IVDD. This study involved 107 LBP participants. The IVD degeneration level was graded on a 1–5 scale according to the Pfirrmann classification system. Discs at grades 1-3 were further grouped as white discs with grades 4-5 as black discs. We recorded baseline information about age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes history, smoking history, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their association with IVDD was statistically analyzed. The expression level of COX2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The total integrated COX2 optical density (IOD), number of COX2-positive cells, and total cell number of each image were counted and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software. The IOD and number of COX2-positive cells were divided by the total cell number to obtain COX2 expression density (IOD/cell) and COX2 positivity (cell+/cell). As a result, among the baseline information investigated, only age was found to have a significant association with IVDD. The IOD/cell was found to be significantly increased from grade 2 to grade 5, as well as in black discs compared to white discs. The cell+/cell displayed the same trend that it increased in highly degenerative discs compared to their counterparts. In conclusion, the expression of COX2 is associated with IVDD, which highlights COX2 as a biomarker for IVD degeneration and indicates the involvement of inflammation and pain signaling in IVDD.
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Jaimes EA, Zhou MS, Siddiqui M, Rezonzew G, Tian R, Seshan SV, Muwonge AN, Wong NJ, Azeloglu EU, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Raij L. Nicotine, smoking, podocytes, and diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F442-F453. [PMID: 33459165 PMCID: PMC7988804 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00194.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Besides glycemic and blood pressure control, environmental factors such as cigarette smoking (CS) adversely affect the progression of DN. The effects of CS on DN progression have been attributed to combustion-generated molecules without consideration to the role of nicotine (NIC), responsible for the addictive properties of both CS and electronic cigarettes (ECs). Podocytes are essential to preserve the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier, and strong evidence indicates that early podocyte loss promotes DN progression. We performed experiments in human podocytes and in a mouse model of diabetes that develops nephropathy resembling human DN. We determined that NIC binding to podocytes in concentrations achieved with CS and ECs activated NADPH oxidase, which sets in motion a dysfunctional molecular network integrated by cyclooxygenase 2, known to induce podocyte injury; downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase, important for maintaining cellular energy stores and antioxidation; and upregulation of CD36, which increased lipid uptake and promoted apoptosis. In diabetic mice, NIC increased proteinuria, a recognized marker of chronic kidney disease progression, accompanied by reduced glomerular podocyte synaptopodin, a crucial stabilizer of the podocyte cytoskeleton, and increased fibronectin expression. This novel study critically implicates NIC itself as a contributor to DN progression in CS and EC users.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we demonstrate that nicotine increases the production of reactive oxygen species, increases cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and upregulates Cd36 while inducing downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In vivo nicotine increases proteinuria and fibronectin expression in diabetic mice. This study demonstrates that effects of nicotine on podocytes are responsible, at least in part, for the deleterious effects of smoking in the progression of chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mohammed Siddiqui
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gabriel Rezonzew
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Runxia Tian
- Nephrology Section, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Surya V Seshan
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alecia N Muwonge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Leopoldo Raij
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Ietswaart R, Arat S, Chen AX, Farahmand S, Kim B, DuMouchel W, Armstrong D, Fekete A, Sutherland JJ, Urban L. Machine learning guided association of adverse drug reactions with in vitro target-based pharmacology. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102837. [PMID: 32565027 PMCID: PMC7379147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in health care. Understanding which drug targets are linked to ADRs can lead to the development of safer medicines. METHODS Here, we analyse in vitro secondary pharmacology of common (off) targets for 2134 marketed drugs. To associate these drugs with human ADRs, we utilized FDA Adverse Event Reports and developed random forest models that predict ADR occurrences from in vitro pharmacological profiles. FINDINGS By evaluating Gini importance scores of model features, we identify 221 target-ADR associations, which co-occur in PubMed abstracts to a greater extent than expected by chance. Amongst these are established relations, such as the association of in vitro hERG binding with cardiac arrhythmias, which further validate our machine learning approach. Evidence on bile acid metabolism supports our identification of associations between the Bile Salt Export Pump and renal, thyroid, lipid metabolism, respiratory tract and central nervous system disorders. Unexpectedly, our model suggests PDE3 is associated with 40 ADRs. INTERPRETATION These associations provide a comprehensive resource to support drug development and human biology studies. FUNDING This study was not supported by any formal funding bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ietswaart
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Seda Arat
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States.
| | - Amanda X Chen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Saman Farahmand
- Computational Sciences PhD program, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Bumjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Duncan Armstrong
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alexander Fekete
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Sutherland
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Li Y, Xia W, Zhao F, Wen Z, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang Y. Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26586-26602. [PMID: 29899878 PMCID: PMC5995175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid via the sequential catalyzation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and specific prostaglandin synthases. There are five subtypes of PGs, namely PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). PGs exert distinct roles by combining to a diverse family of membrane-spanning G protein-coupled prostanoid receptors. The distribution of these PGs, their specific synthases and receptors vary a lot in the kidney. This review summarized the recent findings of PGs together with the COXs and their specific synthases and receptors in regulating renal function and highlighted the insights into their roles in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaoying Wen
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Combination therapy of chitosan, gynostemma, and motherwort alleviates the progression of experimental rat chronic renal failure by inhibiting STAT1 activation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15498-15511. [PMID: 29643988 PMCID: PMC5884643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of single and combination therapy using chitosan (K), gynostemma (J), and motherwort (Y) on an experimental rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adenine and the underlying mechanisms. CRF rats were treated with individual or combinational therapy with two or three of these agents. Biochemical indicators showed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid decreased and the levels of albumin and hemoglobin increased by single or combination therapy of these drugs. Drug treatment also decreased oxidative stress damage of renal tissues in CRF rats. Histopathological lesions were attenuated in each drug treatment group by various degrees. Additionally, drug treatment affected the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, collagen I, matrix metalloprotease-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1. In particular, the combination therapy of K, J, and Y was superior to the respective monotherapy, which supported the prescription of KJY combination. We further studied the inhibitory effect of KJY on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that KJY inhibited LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines (Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-1 Beta, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, cyclooxygenase-2 and Tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 macrophages. Combination therapy of KJY suppressed the protein expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in vivo and in vitro. Further study indicated that KJY inhibited STAT1 activation by down regulating p-STAT1 to exert anti-inflammatory effect and improve renal function in rats with chronic renal failure.
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