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Karnup S, Hashimoto M, Cho KJ, Beckel J, de Groat W, Yoshimura N. Sexual Dimorphism of Spinal Neural Circuits Controlling the Mouse External Urethral Sphincter With and Without Spinal Cord Injury. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25658. [PMID: 38987904 PMCID: PMC11260501 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts coordination between the bladder and the external urinary sphincter (EUS), leading to transient or permanent voiding impairment, which is more severe in males. Male versus female differences in spinal circuits related to the EUS as well as post-SCI rewiring are essential for understanding of sex-/gender-specific impairments and possible recovery mechanisms. To quantitatively assess differences between EUS circuits in males versus females and in spinal intact (SI) versus SCI animals, we retrogradely traced and counted EUS-related neurons. In transgenic ChAT-GFP mice, motoneurons (MNs), interneurons (INs), and propriospinal neurons (PPNs) were retrogradely trans-synaptically traced with PRV614-red fluorescent protein (RFP) injected into EUS. EUS-MNs in dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) were separated from other GFP+ MNs by tracing them with FluoroGold (FG). We found two morphologically distinct cell types in DLN: FG+ spindle-shaped bipolar (SB-MNs) and FG- rounded multipolar (RM-MNs) cholinergic cells. Number of MNs of both types in males was twice as large as in females. SCI caused a partial loss of MNs in all spinal nuclei. After SCI, males showed a fourfold rise in the number of RFP-labeled cells in retro-DLN (RDLN) innervating hind limbs. This suggests (a) an existence of direct synaptic interactions between spinal nuclei and (b) a post-SCI increase of non-specific inputs to EUS-MNs from other motor nuclei. Number of INs and PPNs deferred between males and females: In SI males, the numbers of INs and PPNs were ∼10 times larger than in SI females. SCI caused a twofold decrease of INs and PPNs in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Cho KJ, Hashimoto M, Karnup S, Matsuoka K, Kamijo T, Kim JC, Koh JS, Yoshimura N. Improvement of lower urinary tract dysfunction by a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor in mice with spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:1207-1216. [PMID: 38533637 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of the endocannabinoid system by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) blockade may affect the lower urinary tract function. We investigated the effect of an MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in the mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice that underwent spinal cord transection at T8-10 level were divided into three groups consisting of (1) vehicle-treated SCI mice, (2) 5 mg/kg, or (3) 10 mg/kg of MJN110-treated SCI mice. MJN110 and vehicle were administered intraperitoneally for 7 days from 4 weeks after spinal cord transection. We then conducted awake cystometrograms and compared urodynamic parameters between three groups. The expression of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, TRP receptors, and inflammatory cytokines in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or the bladder mucosa were evaluated and compared among three groups. Changes in the level of serum 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and bladder MAGL were also evaluated. RESULTS In the cystometrogram, detrusor overactivity (DO) parameters, such as the number of nonvoiding contraction (NVC), a ratio of time to the 1st NVC to intercontraction interval (ICI), and NVC integrals were improved by MJN110 treatment, and some effects were dose dependent. Although MJN110 did not improve voiding efficiency, it decreased bladder capacity, ICI, and residual urine volume compared to vehicle injection. MJN110 treatment groups had lower CB2, TRPV1, TRPA1, and inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in DRG and bladder mucosa. Serum 2-AG was increased, and bladder MAGL was decreased after MAGL inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS MAGL inhibition improved LUTD including attenuation of DO after SCI. Thus, MAGL can be a therapeutic target for neurogenic LUTD after SCI.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Monoacylglycerol Lipases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Monoacylglycerol Lipases/metabolism
- Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology
- Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy
- Spinal Cord Injuries/complications
- Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Urinary Bladder/drug effects
- Urinary Bladder/physiopathology
- Urodynamics/drug effects
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/physiopathology
- Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/drug therapy
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology
- Carbamates
- Succinimides
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tadanobu Kamijo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hashimoto M, Karnup S, Daugherty SL, Cho KJ, Banno E, Shimizu N, Fujita K, Hirayama A, Uemura H, de Groat WC, Beckel JM, Yoshimura N. Sex differences in lower urinary tract function in mice with or without spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:267-275. [PMID: 37916422 PMCID: PMC10872808 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sex differences of lower urinary tract function and molecular mechanisms in mice with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS SCI was induced by Th8-9 spinal cord transection in male and female mice. We evaluated cystometrograms (CMG) and electromyography (EMG) of external urethral sphincter (EUS) at 6 weeks after SCI in spinal intact (SI) and SCI mice. The mRNA levels of Piezo2 and TRPV1 were measured in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the bladder mucosa was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Sex differences were found in the EUS behavior during voiding as voiding events in female mice with or without SCI occurred during EUS relaxation periods without EUS bursting activity whereas male mice with or without SCI urinated during EUS bursting activity in EMG recordings. In both sexes, SCI decreased voiding efficiency along with increased tonic EUS activities evident as reduced EUS relaxation time in females and longer active periods of EUS bursting activity in males. mRNA levels of Piezo2 and TRPV1 of DRG in male and female SCI mice were significantly upregulated compared with SI mice. NGF in the bladder mucosa showed a significant increase in male and female SCI mice compared with SI mice. However, there were no significant differences in Piezo2 or TRPV1 levels in DRG or NGF protein levels in the bladder mucosa between male and female SCI mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that female and male mice voided during EUS relaxation and EUS bursting activity, respectively. Also, upregulation of TRPV1 and Piezo2 in L6-S1 DRG and NGF in the bladder could be involved in SCI-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction in both sexes of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Daugherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihide Hirayama
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hong JK, Moon HJ, Shin HJ. Optical EUS Activation to Relax Sensitized Micturition Response. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1961. [PMID: 37895343 PMCID: PMC10608351 DOI: 10.3390/life13101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to activate the external urethral sphincter (EUS), which plays a critical role in micturition control, through optogenetics and to determine its potential contribution to the stabilization of sensitized micturition activity. The viral vector (AAV2/8-CMV-hChR2(H134R)-EGFP) is utilized to introduce light-gated ion channels (hChR2/H134R) into the EUS of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Following the induction of sensitized micturition activity using weak acetic acid (0.1%) in anesthetized mice, optical stimulation of the EUS muscle tissue expressing channel rhodopsin is performed using a 473 nm laser light delivered through optical fibers, and the resulting changes in muscle activation and micturition activity are examined. Through EMG (electromyography) measurements, it is confirmed that optical stimulation electrically activates the EUS muscle in mice. Analysis of micturition activity using cystometry reveals a 70.58% decrease in the micturition period and a 70.27% decrease in the voiding volume due to sensitized voiding. However, with optical stimulation, the micturition period recovers to 101.49%, and the voiding volume recovered to 100.22%. Stimulation of the EUS using optogenetics can alleviate sensitized micturition activity and holds potential for application in conjunction with other micturition control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyun-Joon Shin
- Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.H.); (H.-J.M.)
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5
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Kanai A, Andersson KE, Fry C, Yoshimura N. Targeting neurotrophin and nitric oxide signaling to promote recovery and ameliorate neurogenic bladder dysfunction following spinal cord injury - Mechanistic concepts and clinical implications. CONTINENCE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 6:100703. [PMID: 37389025 PMCID: PMC10310066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cont.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the presentations made to a workshop entitled "Targeting Neurotrophin and Nitric Oxide Signaling to Promote Recovery and Ameliorate Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction following Spinal Cord Injury - Mechanistic Concepts and Clinical Implications" at the International Continence Society (ICS) 2022 Vienna Meeting. Spinal cord injury (SCI; T8-T9 contusion/transection) causes impaired mobility, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and subsequent decreased quality of life. This workshop discussed the potential of future therapeutic agents that manage the lesion and its consequences, in particular possibilities to reduce the lesion itself and manage pathophysiological changes to the lower urinary tract (LUT). Attenuation of the spinal cord lesion itself was discussed with respect to the potential of a trio of agents: LM11A-3, a p75 neurotrophin receptor modulator to counter activation of local apoptotic pathways; LM22B-10 to promote neuronal growth by targeting tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors; and cinaciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator as an agent promoting angiogenesis at the injury site. The workshop also discussed targets on the bladder to block selectivity sites associated with detrusor overactivity and poor urinary filling profiles, such as purinergic pathways controlling excess contractile activity and afferent signaling, as well as excess fibrosis. Finally, the importance of increased mechanosensitive signaling as a contributor to DSD was considered, as well as potential drug targets. Overall, an emphasis was placed on targets that help restore function and reduce pathological LUT consequences, rather than downregulate normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Kanai
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, United States
| | - K.-E. Andersson
- Lund University, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Lund, Sweden
| | - C.H. Fry
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, UK
| | - N. Yoshimura
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, United States
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6
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Doelman AW, Streijger F, Majerus SJA, Damaser MS, Kwon BK. Assessing Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury: Animal Models in Preclinical Neuro-Urology Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1539. [PMID: 37371634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is a condition that affects both bladder storage and voiding function and remains one of the leading causes of morbidity after spinal cord injury (SCI). The vast majority of individuals with severe SCI develop neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), with symptoms ranging from neurogenic detrusor overactivity, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, or sphincter underactivity depending on the location and extent of the spinal lesion. Animal models are critical to our fundamental understanding of lower urinary tract function and its dysfunction after SCI, in addition to providing a platform for the assessment of potential therapies. Given the need to develop and evaluate novel assessment tools, as well as therapeutic approaches in animal models of SCI prior to human translation, urodynamics assessment techniques have been implemented to measure NLUTD function in a variety of animals, including rats, mice, cats, dogs and pigs. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the use of animal models for cystometry testing in the assessment of SCI-related NLUTD. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models, and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Doelman
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Steve J A Majerus
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margot S Damaser
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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7
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Shimizu N, Saito T, Wada N, Hashimoto M, Shimizu T, Kwon J, Cho KJ, Saito M, Karnup S, de Groat WC, Yoshimura N. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7885. [PMID: 37175592 PMCID: PMC10177842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a synopsis of current progress made in fundamental studies of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sacral level. Animal models of SCI allowed us to examine the effects of SCI on the micturition control and the underlying neurophysiological processes of SCI-induced LUTD. Urine storage and elimination are the two primary functions of the LUT, which are governed by complicated regulatory mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous systems. These neural systems control the action of two functional units in the LUT: the urinary bladder and an outlet consisting of the bladder neck, urethral sphincters, and pelvic-floor striated muscles. During the storage phase, the outlet is closed, and the bladder is inactive to maintain a low intravenous pressure and continence. In contrast, during the voiding phase, the outlet relaxes, and the bladder contracts to facilitate adequate urine flow and bladder emptying. SCI disrupts the normal reflex circuits that regulate co-ordinated bladder and urethral sphincter function, leading to involuntary and inefficient voiding. Following SCI, a spinal micturition reflex pathway develops to induce an overactive bladder condition following the initial areflexic phase. In addition, without proper bladder-urethral-sphincter coordination after SCI, the bladder is not emptied as effectively as in the normal condition. Previous studies using animal models of SCI have shown that hyperexcitability of C-fiber bladder afferent pathways is a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism, inducing neurogenic LUTD, especially detrusor overactivity during the storage phase. SCI also induces neurogenic LUTD during the voiding phase, known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, likely due to hyperexcitability of Aδ-fiber bladder afferent pathways rather than C-fiber afferents. The molecular mechanisms underlying SCI-induced LUTD are multifactorial; previous studies have identified significant changes in the expression of various molecules in the peripheral organs and afferent nerves projecting to the spinal cord, including growth factors, ion channels, receptors and neurotransmitters. These findings in animal models of SCI and neurogenic LUTD should increase our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of LUTD after SCI for the future development of novel therapies for SCI patients with LUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Saito
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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8
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Ferreira A, Nascimento D, Cruz CD. Molecular Mechanism Operating in Animal Models of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Systematic Review Focusing on Bladder Dysfunction of Neurogenic Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043273. [PMID: 36834694 PMCID: PMC9959149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe lower urinary tract disorder, characterized by urinary urgency, retention, and incontinence, as a result of a neurologic lesion that results in damage in neuronal pathways controlling micturition. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive framework of the currently used animal models for the investigation of this disorder, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of NDO. An electronic search was performed with PubMed and Scopus for literature describing animal models of NDO used in the last 10 years. The search retrieved 648 articles, of which reviews and non-original articles were excluded. After careful selection, 51 studies were included for analysis. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most frequently used model to study NDO, followed by animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, meningomyelocele, and stroke. Rats were the most commonly used animal, particularly females. Most studies evaluated bladder function through urodynamic methods, with awake cystometry being particularly preferred. Several molecular mechanisms have been identified, including changes in inflammatory processes, regulation of cell survival, and neuronal receptors. In the NDO bladder, inflammatory markers, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia- and fibrosis-related molecules were found to be upregulated. Purinergic, cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors were downregulated, as most neuronal markers. In neuronal tissue, neurotrophic factors, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia-associated molecules are increased, as well as markers of microglial and astrocytes at lesion sites. Animal models of NDO have been crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction. Despite the heterogeneity of animal models for NDO onset, most studies rely on traumatic SCI models rather than other NDO-driven pathologies, which may result in some issues when translating pre-clinical observations to clinical settings other than SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Nascimento
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426740; Fax: +351-225513655
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9
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Palacios JL, Luquin S, Quintanar JL, Munoz A. Continuous administration of leuprolide acetate improves urinary function in male rats with severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Life Sci 2022; 310:121113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Gotoh D, Saito T, Karnup S, Morizawa Y, Hori S, Nakai Y, Miyake M, Torimoto K, Fujimoto K, Yoshimura N. Therapeutic effects of a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, BAY 60-2770, on lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F447-F454. [PMID: 35952343 PMCID: PMC9485004 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00105.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, BAY 60-2770, on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury (SCI). Mice were divided into the following three groups: spinal cord intact (group A), SCI + vehicle (group B), and SCI + BAY 60-2770 (group C). SCI mice underwent Th8-Th9 spinal cord transection and treatment with BAY 60-2770 (10 mg/kg/day) once daily for 2-4 wk after SCI. We evaluated urodynamic parameters using awake cystometry and external urethral sphincter electromyograms (EMG); mRNA levels of mechanosensory channels, nitric oxide (NO)-, ischemia-, and inflammation-related markers in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia, the urethra, and bladder tissues; and protein levels of cGMP in the urethra at 4 wk after SCI. With awake cystometry, nonvoiding contractions, postvoid residual, and bladder capacity were significantly larger in group B than in group C. Voiding efficiency (VE) was significantly higher in group C than in group B. In external urethral sphincter EMGs, the duration of notch-like reductions in intravesical pressure and reduced EMG activity time were significantly longer in group C than in group B. mRNA expression levels of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)1, ASIC2, ASIC3, and Piezo2 in the dorsal root ganglia, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, VEGF, and transforming growth factor-β1 in the bladder were significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C. mRNA levels of neuronal NO synthase, endothelial NO synthase, and sGCα1 and protein levels of cGMP in the urethra were significantly lower in group B than in groups A and C. sGC modulation might be useful for the treatment of SCI-related neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first report to evaluate the effects of a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, BAY 60-2770, on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Saito
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Neshasteh-Riz A, Ramezani F, Kookli K, Moghaddas Fazeli S, Motamed A, Nasirinezhad F, Janzadeh A, Hamblin MR, Asadi M. Optimization of the Duration and Dose of Photobiomodulation Therapy (660 nm Laser) for Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:488-498. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Occupational Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedalireza Moghaddas Fazeli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Occupational Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Motamed
- Islamic Azad University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohammadreza Asadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020089. [PMID: 35202275 PMCID: PMC8880407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research. Therefore, we direct this review to toxicologists who are considering male LUTD as a new aspect of chemical toxicity studies. We focus on the LUTD disease process in men, as well as in the male mouse as a leading research model. To introduce the disease process, we describe the physiology of the male lower urinary tract and the cellular composition of lower urinary tract tissues. We discuss known and suspected mechanisms of male LUTD and examples of environmental chemicals acting through these mechanisms to contribute to LUTD. We also describe mouse models of LUTD and endpoints to diagnose, characterize, and quantify LUTD in men and mice.
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Wada N, Karnup S, Kadekawa K, Shimizu N, Kwon J, Shimizu T, Gotoh D, Kakizaki H, de Groat W, Yoshimura N. Current knowledge and novel frontiers in lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury: Basic research perspectives. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 33:101-113. [PMID: 36177249 PMCID: PMC9518811 DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_31_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to summarize the recent advancement in basic research on lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) following spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sacral level. We particularly focused on the neurophysiologic mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract (LUT) function and the SCI-induced changes in micturition control in animal models of SCI. The LUT has two main functions, the storage and voiding of urine, that are regulated by a complex neural control system. This neural system coordinates the activity of two functional units in the LUT: the urinary bladder and an outlet including bladder neck, urethra, and striated muscles of the pelvic floor. During the storage phase, the outlet is closed and the bladder is quiescent to maintain a low intravesical pressure and continence, and during the voiding phase, the outlet relaxes and the bladder contracts to promote efficient release of urine. SCI impairs voluntary control of voiding as well as the normal reflex pathways that coordinate bladder and sphincter function. Following SCI, the bladder is initially areflexic but then becomes hyperreflexic due to the emergence of a spinal micturition reflex pathway. However, the bladder does not empty efficiently because coordination between the bladder and urethral sphincter is lost. In animal models of SCI, hyperexcitability of silent C-fiber bladder afferents is a major pathophysiological basis of neurogenic LUTD, especially detrusor overactivity. Reflex plasticity is associated with changes in the properties of neuropeptides, neurotrophic factors, or chemical receptors of afferent neurons. Not only C-fiber but also Aδ-fiber could be involved in the emergence of neurogenic LUTD such as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia following SCI. Animal research using disease models helps us to detect the different contributing factors for LUTD due to SCI and to find potential targets for new treatments.
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