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Kugler BA, Thyfault JP, McCoin CS. Sexually dimorphic hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise: a mini-review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:685-691. [PMID: 36701482 PMCID: PMC10027083 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a physiological stress that disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis while enhancing systemic metabolic energy demand mainly through the increased workload of skeletal muscle. Although the extensive focus has been on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise, the liver senses these disruptions in metabolic energy homeostasis and responds to provide the required substrates to sustain increased demand. Hepatic metabolic flexibility is an energetically costly process that requires continuous mitochondrial production of the cellular currency ATP. To do so, the liver must maintain a healthy functioning mitochondrial pool, attained through well-regulated and dynamic processes. Intriguingly, some of these responses are sex-dependent. This mini-review examines the hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise with a focus on sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Willis W, Willis E, Kuzmiak-Glancy S, Kras K, Hudgens J, Barakati N, Stern J, Mandarino L. Oxidative phosphorylation K 0.5ADP in vitro depends on substrate oxidative capacity: Insights from a luciferase-based assay to evaluate ADP kinetic parameters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148430. [PMID: 33887230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The K0.5ADP of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) identifies the cytosolic ADP concentration which elicits one-half the maximum OxPhos rate. This kinetic parameter is commonly measured to assess mitochondrial metabolic control sensitivity. Here we describe a luciferase-based assay to evaluate the ADP kinetic parameters of mitochondrial ATP production from OxPhos, adenylate kinase (AK), and creatine kinase (CK). The high sensitivity, reproducibility, and throughput of the microplate-based assay enabled a comprehensive kinetic assessment of all three pathways in mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle. Carboxyatractyloside titrations were also performed with the assay to estimate the flux control strength of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) over OxPhos in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. ANT flux control coefficients were 0.91 ± 0.07, 0.83 ± 0.06, and 0.51 ± 0.07 at ADP concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM, respectively, an [ADP] range which spanned the K0.5ADP. The oxidative capacity of substrate combinations added to drive OxPhos was found to dramatically influence ADP kinetics in mitochondria from several tissues. In mouse skeletal muscle ten different substrate combinations elicited a 7-fold range of OxPhos Vmax, which correlated positively (R2 = 0.963) with K0.5ADP values ranging from 2.3 ± 0.2 μM to 11.9 ± 0.6 μM. We propose that substrate-enhanced capacity to generate the protonmotive force increases the OxPhos K0.5ADP because flux control at ANT increases, thus K0.5ADP rises toward the dissociation constant, KdADP, of ADP-ANT binding. The findings are discussed in the context of top-down metabolic control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sarah Kuzmiak-Glancy
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Katon Kras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jamie Hudgens
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Neusha Barakati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jennifer Stern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lawrence Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Pompano LM, Haas JD. Efficacy of iron supplementation may be misinterpreted using conventional measures of iron status in iron-depleted, nonanemic women undergoing aerobic exercise training. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1529-1538. [PMID: 29092885 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite its known detrimental effects, iron deficiency remains the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Many interventions that aim to improve iron status involve physically active populations. Intense aerobic exercise training negatively affects iron status; however, the impact of regular moderate aerobic exercise on the effectiveness of iron supplementation remains unclear.Objective: This study aimed to determine whether aerobic training modifies the assessment of the effectiveness of iron supplementation in improving conventional iron status measures.Design: Seventy-two iron-depleted, nonanemic Chinese women [serum ferritin (sFer) <25 μg/L and hemoglobin >110 g/L] were included in an 8-wk, partially blinded, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplements (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic training (five 25-min sessions/wk at 75-85% of maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relation between supplement type, training, and changes in iron status over time, measured by sFer, hemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and estimated total body iron.Results: After treatment, both the iron-supplemented trained and untrained groups showed significantly improved sFer, sTfR, and body iron values compared with either of the placebo groups. Similarly, trained participants had significantly higher aerobic fitness measures than untrained participants. Training modified the sFer response to supplementation (training by supplement interaction, P = 0.07), with the iron-supplemented trained group having significantly lower sFer than the iron-supplemented untrained group at week 8 (mean ± SD: 31.8 ± 13.5 and 47.6 ± 15.7 μg/L, respectively; P = 0.042), whereas there was no significant difference between the placebo trained and untrained groups (21.3 ± 12.2 and 20.3 ± 7.0 μg/L, respectively; P = 1.00).Conclusions: Regular aerobic training reduces the apparent effectiveness of iron supplementation in improving sFer and calls into question whether conventional measures of iron status accurately reflect iron metabolism in physically active, nonanemic women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pompano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jere D Haas
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Terblanche SE, Gohil K, Packer L, Henderson S, Brooks GA. The effects of endurance training and exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial enzymes in tissues of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 128:889-96. [PMID: 11282330 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to ascertain the effects of training and exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial capacities to oxidize pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, palmitoylcarnitine, succinate and ferrocytochrome c in various tissues of the rat. Endurance capacity was significantly increased (P<0.01) by an endurance training program over a period of 5-6 weeks. The average run time to exhaustion was 214.2+/-23.8 min for trained rats in comparison with 54.5+/-11.7 min for their untrained counterparts. Oxidative capacities were reduced in liver (P<0.05) and brown adipose tissue (P<0.05) as a result of endurance training. On the contrary, the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle was slightly increased and that of heart almost unaffected except for the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine, which was significantly reduced (P<0.05) as a result of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Terblanche
- Department Of Biochemistry And Microbiology, University Of Zululand, Private Bag X 1001, 3886, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.
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