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Rivas L, Dulay S, Miserere S, Pla L, Marin SB, Parra J, Eixarch E, Gratacós E, Illa M, Mir M, Samitier J. Micro-needle implantable electrochemical oxygen sensor: ex-vivo and in-vivo studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112028. [PMID: 31989937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is vital for energy metabolism in mammals and the variability of the concentration is considered a clinical alert for a wide range of metabolic malfunctions in medicine. In this article, we describe the development and application of a micro-needle implantable platinum-based electrochemical sensor for measuring partial pressure of oxygen in intramuscular tissue (in-vivo) and vascular blood (ex-vivo). The Pt-Nafion® sensor was characterized morphological and electrochemically showing a higher sensitivity of -2.496 nA/mmHg (-1.495 nA/μM) when comparing with its bare counterpart. Our sensor was able to discriminate states with different oxygen partial pressures (pO2) for ex-vivo (blood) following the same trend of the commercial gas analyzer used as standard. For in-vivo (intramuscular) experiments, since there is not a gold standard for measuring pO2 in tissue, it was not possible to correlate the obtained currents with the pO2 in tissue. However, our sensor was able to detect clear statistical differences of O2 between hyperoxia and hypoxia states in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rivas
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Samuel Dulay
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sandrine Miserere
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Laura Pla
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Berdún Marin
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Parra
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Illa
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona. Building Helios 2, Sabino Arana Street 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Mir
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Eatwell K, Mancinelli E, Hedley J, Benato L, Shaw DJ, Self I, Meredith A. Use of arterial blood gas analysis as a superior method for evaluating respiratory function in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Rec 2013; 173:166. [PMID: 23845942 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study compared invasive (arterial blood gas analysis) and non-invasive (capnography and pulse oximetry) methods of monitoring respiratory function in conscious rabbits. Arterial samples from 50 healthy dwarf lop rabbits, presenting for routine surgical neutering, were analysed on a point-of-care blood gas analysis machine. Reference intervals were obtained for pH (7.35-7.54), PaCO2 (mm Hg) (25.29-40.37), PaO2 (mm Hg) (50.3-98.2), base excess (mmol/l) (6.7-6.5), HCO3 (mmol/l) (17.96-29.41), TCO2 (mmol/l) (18.9-30.5). SaO2 (per cent) (88.8-98.0), Na (mmol/l) (137.6-145.2), K (mmol/l) (3.28-4.87), iCal (mmol/l) (1.64-1.94), glucose (mmol/l) (6.23-10.53), haematocrit (per cent) (23.3-40.2) and haemoglobin (mg/dl) (7.91-13.63). Pulse oximetry (SPO2) and capnography (ETCO2) readings were taken concurrently. There was no statistically significant relationship between SPO2 and SaO2 with a mean difference between SPO2 and SaO2 of 8.22 per cent. There was a statistically significant relationship between ETCO2 vs PaCO2, but a wide range of ETCO2 values were observed for a given PaCO2. The mean difference between these was 16.16 mm Hg. The study has provided reference intervals for arterial blood gas analysis in rabbits and demonstrated that capnography and pulse oximetry readings should not be relied upon in conscious rabbits as a guide to ventilation and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eatwell
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland
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Abstract
Oxygen weaning is a controversial problem which can be summarized in three questions: what do we expect from oxygen supplementation? what are the optimal targets? with what sort of monitoring? We shall try to evaluate these different questions assuming the uncertainty of the proposed answers and the short-lived character of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-H Jarreau
- Service de Médecine Néonatale de Port-Royal, Centre Hospitalier Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul-La Roche-Guyon, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris.
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