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Ryan CN, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs MJ, Griffin MD, Zeugolis DI. Physicochemical cues are not potent regulators of human dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 11:100079. [PMID: 37720487 PMCID: PMC10499661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inherent plasticity, dermal fibroblasts hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Although biological signals have been well-established as potent regulators of dermal fibroblast function, it is still unclear whether physiochemical cues can induce dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. Herein, we evaluated the combined effect of surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen type I coating and macromolecular crowding in human dermal fibroblast cultures. Our data indicate that tissue culture plastic and collagen type I coating increased cell proliferation and metabolic activity. None of the assessed in vitro microenvironment modulators affected cell viability. Anisotropic surface topography induced bidirectional cell morphology, especially on more rigid (1,000 kPa and 130 kPa) substrates. Macromolecular crowding increased various collagen types, but not fibronectin, deposition. Macromolecular crowding induced globular extracellular matrix deposition, independently of the properties of the substrate. At day 14 (longest time point assessed), macromolecular crowding downregulated tenascin C (in 9 out of the 14 groups), aggrecan (in 13 out of the 14 groups), osteonectin (in 13 out of the 14 groups), and collagen type I (in all groups). Overall, our data suggest that physicochemical cues (such surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen coating and macromolecular crowding) are not as potent as biological signals in inducing dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N.M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Papalamprou A, Yu V, Chen A, Stefanovic T, Kaneda G, Salehi K, Castaneda CM, Gertych A, Glaeser JD, Sheyn D. Directing iPSC differentiation into iTenocytes using combined scleraxis overexpression and cyclic loading. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1148-1161. [PMID: 36203346 PMCID: PMC10076443 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for tendon are falling behind other tissues due to the lack of an appropriate and potent cell therapeutic candidate. This study aimed to induce tenogenesis using stable Scleraxis (Scx) overexpression in combination with uniaxial mechanical stretch of iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cells (iMSCs). Scx is the single direct molecular regulator of tendon differentiation known to date. Bone marrow-derived (BM-)MSCs were used as reference. Scx overexpression alone resulted in significantly higher upregulation of tenogenic markers in iMSCs compared to BM-MSCs. Mechanoregulation is known to be a central element guiding tendon development and healing. Mechanical stimulation combined with Scx overexpression resulted in morphometric and cytoskeleton-related changes, upregulation of early and late tendon markers, and increased extracellular matrix deposition and alignment, and tenomodulin perinuclear localization in iMSCs. Our findings suggest that these cells can be differentiated into tenocytes and might be a better candidate for tendon cell therapy applications than BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angel Chen
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tina Stefanovic
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chloe M. Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliane D. Glaeser
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mechanical stretch facilitates tenomodulin expression to induce tenocyte migration via MAPK signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109486. [PMID: 36513131 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates tendon development and maturation. Our previous study indicated that mechanical stretch could induce Tnmd expression to promote tenocyte migration, associated with reinforcement of fibrous actin (F-actin) stress fibers and chromatin decondensation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of this processes are far from clear. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling occurs in response to various extracellular stimuli and controls a large number of fundamental cellular processes. The present study we investigated the influence of MAPK signaling on mechanical stretch-induced Tnmd expression and its action way. Expression and activities of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 MAPK (p38) were determined by Western blot. Cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect F-actin stress fibers. Nuclear chromatin decondensation was detected by in situ DNaseI sensitivity assay. It was found that mechanical stretch promoted Tnmd expression by activating ERK1/2, JNK and p38 signaling. The inhibition of the ERK1/2, JNK or p38 repressed mechanical stretch-promoted tenocyte migration and mechanical stretch-induced reinforcement of F-actin stress fibers. However, only ERK1/2 and p38 inhibitor could repress mechanical stretch-induced chromatin decondensation, and the JNK inhibitor had no significant effect. Moreover, latrunculin (Lat A), the most widely used reagent to depolymerize actin filaments, could inhibit the stretch-induced chromatin decondensation. Taken together, our findings elucidated a molecular pathway by which a mechanical signal is transduced via activation of MAPK signaling to influence reinforcement of F-actin stress fibers and chromatin decondensation, which could further lead Tnmd expression to promote tenocyte migration.
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Genetic Mapping of Behavioral Traits Using the Collaborative Cross Resource. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010682. [PMID: 36614124 PMCID: PMC9821145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated interactions between genetic background, environment and lifestyle factors make it difficult to study the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, such as cognition and anxiety levels, in humans. However, environmental and other factors can be tightly controlled in mouse studies. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose common genetic and phenotypic diversity is on par with that of humans. Therefore, we leveraged the power of the CC to assess 52 behavioral measures associated with locomotor activity, anxiety level, learning and memory. This is the first application of the CC in novel object recognition tests, Morris water maze tasks, and fear conditioning tests. We found substantial continuous behavioral variations across the CC strains tested, and mapped six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which influenced these traits, defining candidate genetic variants underlying these QTLs. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the CC population in behavioral genetic research, while the identified genomic loci and genes driving the variation of relevant behavioral traits provide a foundation for further studies.
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Ryan CNM, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs MJ, Griffin MD, Zeugolis DI. The synergistic effect of physicochemical in vitro microenvironment modulators in human bone marrow stem cell cultures. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213196. [PMID: 36455498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern bioengineering utilises biomimetic cell culture approaches to control cell fate during in vitro expansion. In this spirit, herein we assessed the influence of bidirectional surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen type I coating and macromolecular crowding (MMC) in human bone marrow stem cell cultures. In the absence of MMC, surface topography was a strong modulator of cell morphology. MMC significantly increased extracellular matrix deposition, albeit in a globular manner, independently of the surface topography, substrate rigidity and collagen type I coating. Collagen type I coating significantly increased cell metabolic activity and none of the assessed parameters affected cell viability. At day 14, in the absence of MMC, none of the assessed genes was affected by surface topography, substrate rigidity and collagen type I coating, whilst in the presence of MMC, in general, collagen type I α1 chain, tenascin C, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein and runt-related transcription factor were downregulated. Interestingly, in the presence of the MMC, the 1000 kPa grooved substrate without collagen type I coating upregulated aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein, scleraxis homolog A, tenomodulin and thrombospondin 4, indicative of tenogenic differentiation. This study further supports the notion for multifactorial bioengineering to control cell fate in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N M Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Manus J Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Abreu EL, Vance A, Cheng AL, Brotto M. Musculoskeletal Biomarkers Response to Exercise in Older Adults. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:867137. [PMID: 35821851 PMCID: PMC9261344 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.867137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is an essential component of any good health style, being particularly important for older adults to counteract the effects of aging, including sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which can result in lower fall probability. Exercise programs for older adults are especially designed for that population. A rigorous evaluation of those programs is necessary to assure most benefit is achieved. Serum biomarkers of proteins intrinsic to musculoskeletal homeostasis could contribute objectively to the assessment of the benefits of exercise. In this work, in addition to the usual physical fitness and balance tests, ELISA assays quantified the serum levels of six proteins and one polysaccharide important for the homeostasis of muscle (troponin T and alpha-actinin), tendon/ligament (tenomodulin), cartilage (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and hyaluronan) and bone (osteocalcin and sclerostin), before and after 8 weeks of an exercise program tailored to older adults, Stay Strong Stay Healthy, offered at a Community Center and at an Independent Senior Living facility. Statistical significance was determined by non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and Mann-Whitney U). Physical fitness and balance improved as expected along with a significant decrease in sclerostin, pointing to less inhibition of bone deposition. However, when considering each type of dwelling separately, older adults always saw a significant decrease of the isoform of troponin T associated with fast-twitch muscles, suggesting that daily levels of physical activity may also have a role in the benefit of older adults from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L. Abreu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Amy Vance
- University of Missouri Extension, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - An-Lin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Marco Brotto,
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Dede Eren A, Vermeulen S, Schmitz TC, Foolen J, de Boer J. The loop of phenotype: Dynamic reciprocity links tenocyte morphology to tendon tissue homeostasis. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:275-286. [PMID: 35584748 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are engaged in dynamic reciprocity to maintain tissue homeostasis: cells deposit ECM, which in turn presents the signals that define cell identity. This loop of phenotype is obvious for biochemical signals, such as collagens, which are produced by and presented to cells, but the role of biomechanical signals is also increasingly recognised. In addition, cell shape goes hand in hand with cell function and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant cell shape and ECM is seen in pathological conditions, and control of cell shape in micro-fabricated platforms disclose the causal relationship between cell shape and cell function, often mediated by mechanotransduction. In this manuscript, we discuss the loop of phenotype for tendon tissue homeostasis. We describe cell shape and ECM organization in normal and diseased tissue, how ECM composition influences tenocyte shape, and how that leads to the activation of signal transduction pathways and ECM deposition. We further describe the use of technologies to control cell shape to elucidate the link between cell shape and its phenotypical markers and focus on the causal role of cell shape in the loop of phenotype. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The dynamic reciprocity between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) influences biomechanical and biochemical properties of ECM as well as cell function through activation of signal transduction pathways that regulate gene and protein expression. We refer to this reciprocity as Loop of Phenotype and it has been studied and demonstrated extensively by using micro-fabricated platforms to manipulate cell shape and cell fate. In this manuscript, we discuss this concept in tendon tissue homeostasis by giving examples in healthy and pathological tenson tissue. Furthermore, we elaborate this by showing how biomaterials are used to feed this reciprocity to manipulate cell shape and function. Finally, we elucidate the link between cell shape and its phenotypical markers and focus on the activation of signal transduction pathways and ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tara C Schmitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Ryan C, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs M, Griffin M, Zeugolis D. A combined physicochemical approach towards human tenocyte phenotype maintenance. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100130. [PMID: 34632361 PMCID: PMC8488312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During in vitro culture, bereft of their optimal tissue context, tenocytes lose their phenotype and function. Considering that tenocytes in their native tissue milieu are exposed simultaneously to manifold signals, combination approaches (e.g. growth factor supplementation and mechanical stimulation) are continuously gaining pace to control cell fate during in vitro expansion, albeit with limited success due to the literally infinite number of possible permutations. In this work, we assessed the potential of scalable and potent physicochemical approaches that control cell fate (substrate stiffness, anisotropic surface topography, collagen type I coating) and enhance extracellular matrix deposition (macromolecular crowding) in maintaining human tenocyte phenotype in culture. Cell morphology was primarily responsive to surface topography. The tissue culture plastic induced the largest nuclei area, the lowest aspect ratio, and the highest focal adhesion kinase. Collagen type I coating increased cell number and metabolic activity. Cell viability was not affected by any of the variables assessed. Macromolecular crowding intensely enhanced and accelerated native extracellular matrix deposition, albeit not in an aligned fashion, even on the grooved substrates. Gene analysis at day 14 revealed that the 130 kPa grooved substrate without collagen type I coating and under macromolecular crowding conditions positively regulated human tenocyte phenotype. Collectively, this work illustrates the beneficial effects of combined physicochemical approaches in controlling cell fate during in vitro expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.N.M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - E. Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - N. Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - D. Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - P. Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Md N. Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - A. O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - M.J. Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - M.D. Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - D.I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Dede Eren A, Vasilevich A, Eren ED, Sudarsanam P, Tuvshindorj U, de Boer J, Foolen J. Tendon-Derived Biomimetic Surface Topographies Induce Phenotypic Maintenance of Tenocytes In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1023-1036. [PMID: 33045937 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tenocyte niche contains biochemical and biophysical signals that are needed for tendon homeostasis. The tenocyte phenotype is correlated with cell shape in vivo and in vitro, and shape-modifying cues are needed for tenocyte phenotypical maintenance. Indeed, cell shape changes from elongated to spread when cultured on a flat surface, and rat tenocytes lose the expression of phenotypical markers throughout five passages. We hypothesized that tendon gene expression can be preserved by culturing cells in the native tendon shape. To this end, we reproduced the tendon topographical landscape into tissue culture polystyrene, using imprinting technology. We confirmed that the imprints forced the cells into a more elongated shape, which correlated with the level of Scleraxis expression. When we cultured the tenocytes for 7 days on flat surfaces and tendon imprints, we observed a decline in tenogenic marker expression on flat but not on imprints. This research demonstrates that native tendon topography is an important factor contributing to the tenocyte phenotype. Tendon imprints therefore provide a powerful platform to explore the effect of instructive cues originating from native tendon topography on guiding cell shape, phenotype, and function of tendon-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksey Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Deniz Eren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Phanikrishna Sudarsanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Urandelger Tuvshindorj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Matos AM, Gonçalves AI, Rodrigues MT, Miranda MS, Haj AJE, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Remote triggering of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling in human adipose stem cells laden on magnetic scaffolds synergistically promotes tenogenic commitment. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:488-500. [PMID: 32652226 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Injuries affecting load bearing tendon tissues are a significant clinical burden and efficient treatments are still unmet. Tackling tendon regeneration, tissue engineering strategies aim to develop functional substitutes that recreate native tendon milieu. Tendon mimetic scaffolds capable of remote magnetic responsiveness and functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) targeting cellular mechanosensitive receptors are potential instructive tools to mediate mechanotransduction in guiding tenogenic responses. In this work, we combine magnetically responsive scaffolds and targeted Activin A type II receptor in human adipose stem cells (hASCs), under alternating magnetic field (AMF), to synergistically facilitate external control over signal transduction. The combination of remote triggering TGF-β/Smad2/3 using MNPs tagged hASCs, through magnetically actuated scaffolds, stimulates overall expression of tendon related genes and the deposition of tendon related proteins, in comparison to non-stimulated conditions. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 proteins and their nuclear co-localization was also more evident. Overall, biophysical stimuli resulting from magnetic scaffolds and magnetically triggered cells under AMF stimulation modulate the mechanosensing response of hASCs towards tenogenesis, holding therapeutic promise. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The concept of magnetically-assisted tissue engineering may assist the development of innovative solutions to treat tendon disorders upon remote control of biological processes as cell migration or differentiation. Herein, we originally combine a fibrous aligned superparamagnetic scaffold, based on a biodegradable polymeric blend of starch and poly-ɛ-caprolactone incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) labelled with MNPs functionalized with anti-activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA). Constructs were stimulated using alternating magnetic field (AMF), to activate the ActRIIA and subsequent induction of TGF-β signaling, through Smad2/3 phosphorylation cascade, enhancing the expression of tendon-related markers. Altogether, these findings contribute with powerful bio-magnetic approaches to activate key tenogenic pathways, envisioning future translation of magnetic biomaterials into regenerative platforms for tendon repair.
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11
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Gonçalves AI, Berdecka D, Rodrigues MT, Eren AD, de Boer J, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Evaluation of tenogenic differentiation potential of selected subpopulations of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2204-2217. [PMID: 31606945 DOI: 10.1002/term.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of a suitable cell source and bioactive agents guiding cell differentiation towards tenogenic phenotype represents a prerequisite for advancement of cell-based therapies for tendon repair. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a promising, yet intrinsically heterogenous population with diversified differentiation capacities. In this work, we investigated antigenically-defined subsets of hASCs expressing markers related to tendon phenotype or associated with pluripotency that might be more prone to tenogenic differentiation, when compared to unsorted hASCs. Subpopulations positive for tenomodulin (TNMD+ hASCs) and stage specific early antigen 4 (SSEA-4+ hASCs), as well as unsorted ASCs were cultured up to 21 days in basic medium or media supplemented with TGF-β3 (10 ng/ml), or GDF-5 (50 ng/ml). Cell response was evaluated by analysis of expression of tendon-related markers at gene level and protein level by real time RT-PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemistry. A significant upregulation of scleraxis was observed for both subpopulations and unsorted hASCs in the presence of TGF-β3. More prominent alterations in gene expression profile in response to TGF-β3 were observed for TNMD+ hASCs. Subpopulations evidenced an increased collagen III and TNC deposition in basal medium conditions in comparison with unsorted hASCs. In the particular case of TNMD+ hASCs, GDF-5 seems to influence more the deposition of TNC. Within hASCs populations, discrete subsets could be distinguished offering varied sensitivity to specific biochemical stimulation leading to differential expression of tenogenic components suggesting that cell subsets may have distinctive roles in the complex biological responses leading to tenogenic commitment to be further explored in cell based strategies for tendon tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Dominika Berdecka
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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12
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Yao S, Xie Y, Xiao L, Cai L, Ma Z. Porous and nonporous silk fibroin (SF) membranes wrapping for Achilles tendon (AT) repair: Which one is a better choice? J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:733-740. [PMID: 30308113 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Lingfei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Wuhan, 430070 China
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13
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Viganò M, Perucca Orfei C, de Girolamo L, Pearson JR, Ragni E, De Luca P, Colombini A. Housekeeping Gene Stability in Human Mesenchymal Stem and Tendon Cells Exposed to Tenogenic Factors. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:360-367. [PMID: 29676207 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biochemical inducers of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into tenogenic lineage represents an investigated aspect of tendon disorder treatment. Bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12) is a widely studied factor, representing along with ascorbic acid (AA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) one of the most promising stimulus in this context so far. Quantitative gene expression of specific tenogenic marker is commonly used to assess the efficacy of these supplements. Nevertheless, the reliability of these data is strongly associated with the choice of stable housekeeping genes. To date, no published studies have evaluated the stability of housekeeping genes in MSCs during tenogenic induction. Three candidate housekeeping genes (YWHAZ, RPL13A, and GAPDH) in human MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs), adipose tissue (ASCs), and tendon cells (TCs) supplemented with BMP-12 or AA and bFGF in comparison with control untreated cells for 3 and 10 days were evaluated. GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper tools and the comparative ΔCt method were used to evaluate housekeeping gene stability and the overall ranking was determined by using by the RefFinder algorithm. In all culture conditions, YWHAZ was the most stable gene and RPL13A was the second choice. YWHAZ and RPL13A were the two most stable genes also for ASCs and BMSCs, regardless of the time point analyzed, and for TCs at 10 days of tenogenic induction. Only for TCs at 3 days of tenogenic induction were GAPDH and YWHAZ the best performers. In conclusion, our findings will be useful for the proper selection of housekeeping genes in studies involving MSCs cultured in the presence of tenogenic factors, to obtain accurate and high-quality data from quantitative gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Viganò
- 1 Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura de Girolamo
- 1 Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - John R Pearson
- 2 Nano-imaging Unit, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, BIONAND , Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrico Ragni
- 1 Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Paola De Luca
- 1 Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- 1 Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute , Milan, Italy
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14
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Triggering the activation of Activin A type II receptor in human adipose stem cells towards tenogenic commitment using mechanomagnetic stimulation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1149-1159. [PMID: 29471171 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold potential to stimulate tendon regeneration and homeostasis, which is maintained in response to the native mechanical environment. Activins are members of the mechano-responsive TGF-β superfamily that participates in the regulation of several downstream biological processes. Mechanosensitive membrane receptors such as activin can be activated in different types of stem cells via magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) through remote magnetic actuation resulting in cell differentiation. In this work, we target the Activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) in human adipose stem cells (hASCs), using anti-ActRIIA functionalized MNPs, externally activated through a oscillating magnetic bioreactor. Upon activation, the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 is induced allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus, regulating tenogenic transcriptional responses. Our study demonstrates the potential remote activation of MNPs tagged hASCs to trigger the Activin receptor leading to tenogenic differentiation. These results may provide insights toward tendon regeneration therapies.
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15
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Gonçalves AI, Gershovich PM, Rodrigues MT, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Human adipose tissue-derived tenomodulin positive subpopulation of stem cells: A promising source of tendon progenitor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:762-774. [PMID: 28593712 DOI: 10.1002/term.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are of particular interest for tendon and ligament regeneration given the low regenerative potential of these tissues. Adipose tissue is an abundant source of stem cells, which may be employed for the healing of tendon lesions. However, human adult multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue originate highly heterogeneous cell populations that hinder their use in specific tissue-oriented applications. In this study, distinct subpopulations of hASCs were immunomagnetic separated and their tenogenic differentiation capacity evaluated in the presence of several growth factors (GFs), namely endothelial GF, basic-fibroblast GF, transforming GF-β1 and platelet-derived GF-BB, which are well-known regulators of tendon development, growth and healing. Among the screened hASCs subpopulations, tenomodulin-positive cells were shown to be more promising for tenogenic applications and therefore this subpopulation was further studied, assessing tendon-related markers (scleraxis, tenomodulin, tenascin C and decorin) both at gene and protein level. Additionally, the ability for depositing collagen type I and III forming extracellular matrix structures were weekly assessed up to 28 days. The results obtained indicated that tenomodulin-positive cells exhibit phenotypical features of tendon progenitor cells and can be biochemically induced towards tenogenic lineage, demonstrating that this subset of hASCs can provide a reliable source of progenitor cells for therapies targeting tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P M Gershovich
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses expressions of Scx, Mkx, and Tnmd in tendon-derived cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182051. [PMID: 28750046 PMCID: PMC5531628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After tendon injuries, biomechanical properties of the injured tendon are not fully recovered in most cases. Modulation of signaling pathways, which are involved in tendon development and tendon repair, is one of attractive modalities to facilitate proper regeneration of the injured tendon. The roles of TGF-β signaling in tendon homeostasis and tendon development have been elucidated. In contrast, the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tendon remain mostly elusive. We found that the number of β-catenin-positive cells was increased at the injured site, suggesting involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tendon healing. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppressed expressions of tenogenic genes of Scx, Mkx, and Tnmd in rat tendon-derived cells (TDCs) isolated from the Achilles tendons of 6-week old rats. Additionally, activation of Wnt/β-catenin reduced the amounts of Smad2 and Smad3, which are intracellular mediators for TGF-β signaling, and antagonized upregulation of Scx induced by TGF-β signaling in TDCs. We found that Wnt/β-catenin decreased Mkx and Tnmd expressions without suppressing Scx expression in Scx-programmed tendon progenitors. Our studies suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a repressor for tenogenic gene expressions.
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17
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Dale TP, Mazher S, Webb WR, Zhou J, Maffulli N, Chen GQ, El Haj AJ, Forsyth NR. Tenogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:361-368. [PMID: 28548630 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon healing is complex to manage because of the limited regeneration capacity of tendon tissue; stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches may provide alternative healing strategies. We sought to determine whether human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could be induced to differentiate into tendon-like cells by the addition of exogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)12 (growth differentiation factor[GDF]7) and BMP13 (GDF6). hESC (SHEF-1) were maintained with or without BMP12/13 supplementation, or supplemented with BMP12/13 and the Smad signaling cascade blocking agent, dorsomorphin. Primary rat tenocytes were included as a positive control in immunocytochemistry analysis. A tenocyte-like elongated morphology was observed in hESC after 40-days continuous supplementation with BMP12/13 and ascorbic acid (AA). These cells displayed a tenomodulin expression pattern and morphology consistent with that of the primary tenocyte control. Analysis of tendon-linked gene transcription in BMP12/13 supplemented hESC demonstrated consistent expression of COL1A2, COL3A1, DCN, TNC, THBS4, and TNMD levels. Conversely, when hESCs were cultured in the presence of BMP12/13 and dorsomorphin COL3A1, DCN, and TNC gene expression and tendon matrix formation were inhibited. Taken together, we have demonstrated that hESCs are responsive to tenogenic induction via BMP12/13 in the presence of AA. The directed in vitro generation of tenocytes from pluripotent stem cells may facilitate the development of novel repair approaches for this difficult to heal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina P Dale
- 1 Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University , Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shazia Mazher
- 1 Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University , Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - William R Webb
- 1 Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University , Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhou
- 2 School of Life Science, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- 3 Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London , United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- 2 School of Life Science, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- 1 Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University , Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- 1 Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University , Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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18
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Dex S, Lin D, Shukunami C, Docheva D. Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene. Gene 2016; 587:1-17. [PMID: 27129941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD, Tnmd) is a gene highly expressed in tendon known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental tumour models. This review aims at providing an encompassing overview of this gene and its protein. In addition, its known expression pattern as well as putative signalling pathways will be described. A chronological overview of the discovered functions of this gene in tendon and other tissues and cells is provided as well as its use as a tendon and ligament lineage marker is assessed in detail and discussed. Last, information about the possible connections between TNMD genomic mutations and mRNA expression to various diseases is delivered. Taken together this review offers a solid synopsis on the up-to-date information available about TNMD and aids at directing and focusing the future research to fully uncover the roles and implications of this interesting gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dex
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dasheng Lin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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19
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Alexandrov VP, Naimov SI. A Prospectus of Tenomodulin. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2016; 58:19-27. [DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTenomodulin is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that can regulate growth of tendon. The human tenomodulin encoding gene is mapped to Х chromosome and encodes a polypeptide consisting of 317 alpha amino acids. The protein is located on the cell surface as N-glycosylated or non-N-glycosylated polypeptide with molecular mass of 45 and 40 kDa, respectively. The molecule consists of three domains and a short cytoplasmic tail at N-terminus. Tenomodulin is predominantly expressed in dense connective hypovascularized tissues such as tendons, skeletal muscle epimysium, and ligaments. Furthermore, tenomodulin is an efficient marker of tenocyte differentiation and plays an important role in the regulation of tenocyte proliferation, tendon development, and angiogenesis inhibition. A number of tenomodulin gene polymorphisms have been recently associated with a risk of obesity, diabetes, systemic immune mediators, cholesterol levels, Alzheimer disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Tenomodulin is involved in cell adhesion, determination of cell morphology, cell aging and bone mineral density. It is expected to play an important role in tendon recovery, tendon tissue engineering, anti-tumor therapy, treatment of chordal disruption, and remodeling of extracellular matrix.
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20
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Theiss F, Mirsaidi A, Mhanna R, Kümmerle J, Glanz S, Bahrenberg G, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Use of biomimetic microtissue spheroids and specific growth factor supplementation to improve tenocyte differentiation and adaptation to a collagen-based scaffold in vitro. Biomaterials 2015; 69:99-109. [PMID: 26283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tenocytes represent a valuable source of cells for the purposes of tendon tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and as such, should possess a high degree of tenogenic differentiation prior to their use in vivo in order to achieve maximal efficacy. In the current report, we identify an efficient means by which to maintain differentiated tenocytes in vitro by employing the hanging drop technique in combination with defined growth media supplements. Equine tenocytes retained a more differentiated state when cultured as scaffold-free microtissue spheroids in low serum-containing medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, insulin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. This was made evident by significant increases in the expression levels of pro-tenogenic markers collagen type I (COL1A2), collagen type III (COL3A1), scleraxis (SCX) and tenomodulin (TNMD), as well as by enhanced levels of collagen type I and tenomodulin protein. Furthermore, tenocytes cultured under these conditions demonstrated a typical spindle-like morphology and when embedded in collagen gels, became highly aligned with respect to the orientation of the collagen structure following their migration out from the microtissue spheroids. Our findings therefore provide evidence to support the use of a biomimetic microtissue approach to culturing tenocytes and that in combination with the defined growth media described, can improve their differentiation status and functional repopulation of collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Theiss
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jan Kümmerle
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Müller SA, Todorov A, Heisterbach PE, Martin I, Majewski M. Tendon healing: an overview of physiology, biology, and pathology of tendon healing and systematic review of state of the art in tendon bioengineering. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:2097-105. [PMID: 24057354 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tendon injuries vary from acute rupture to chronic tendinopathy. For an optimal treatment of either condition, a profound knowledge is essential. Therefore, this article shall give an overview of physiology, biology, and pathology of tendon healing and state of the art in tendon bioengineering. METHODS For a preferably comprehensive survey, the current literature listed in PubMed and published in English peer-reviewed journals (March 2013) was systematically reviewed for tendon healing and tendon bioengineering including cytokine modulation, autologous sources of growth factors, biomaterials, gene therapy, and cell-based therapy. No differentiation was made between clinical and preclinical in vitro investigations. RESULTS Tendon healing happens in certain stadiums of inflammation, formation, and remodelling. An additional process of "collagen recycling" close to the healing site has been described recently. With increasing comprehension of physiology and pathology of tendon healing, several promising approaches in tendon bioengineering using growth factors, biomaterials, gene therapy, or cell-based therapy are described. However, only some of these are already used routinely in clinics. CONCLUSION Strong and resistant tendons are crucial for a healthy musculoskeletal system. The new approaches in tendon bioengineering are promising to aid physiological tendon healing and thus resulting in a stronger and more resistant tendon after injury. The growing knowledge in this field will need to be further taken into clinical studies so that especially those patients with prolonged courses, revision surgery, or chronic tendinopathy and high-demanding patients, i.e., professional athletes would benefit. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland,
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22
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Lavagnino M, Wall ME, Little D, Banes AJ, Guilak F, Arnoczky SP. Tendon mechanobiology: Current knowledge and future research opportunities. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:813-22. [PMID: 25763779 PMCID: PMC4524513 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendons mainly function as load-bearing tissues in the muscloskeletal system; transmitting loads from muscle to bone. Tendons are dynamic structures that respond to the magnitude, direction, frequency, and duration of physiologic as well as pathologic mechanical loads via complex interactions between cellular pathways and the highly specialized extracellular matrix. This paper reviews the evolution and current knowledge of mechanobiology in tendon development, homeostasis, disease, and repair. In addition, we review several novel mechanotransduction pathways that have been identified recently in other tissues and cell types, providing potential research opportunities in the field of tendon mechanobiology. We also highlight current methods, models, and technologies being used in a wide variety of mechanobiology research that could be investigated in the context of their potential applicability for answering some of the fundamental unanswered questions in this field. The article concludes with a review of the major questions and future goals discussed during the recent ORS/ISMMS New Frontiers in Tendon Research Conference held on September 10 and 11, 2014 in New York City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lavagnino
- Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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23
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Sejersen MHJ, Frost P, Hansen TB, Deutch SR, Svendsen SW. Proteomics perspectives in rotator cuff research: a systematic review of gene expression and protein composition in human tendinopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119974. [PMID: 25879758 PMCID: PMC4400011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tendinopathy including tears is a cause of significant morbidity. The molecular pathogenesis of the disorder is largely unknown. This review aimed to present an overview of the literature on gene expression and protein composition in human rotator cuff tendinopathy and other tendinopathies, and to evaluate perspectives of proteomics--the comprehensive study of protein composition--in tendon research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the literature published between 1 January 1990 and 18 December 2012 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies on objectively quantified differential gene expression and/or protein composition in human rotator cuff tendinopathy and other tendinopathies as compared to control tissue. RESULTS We identified 2199 studies, of which 54 were included; 25 studies focussed on rotator cuff or biceps tendinopathy. Most of the included studies quantified prespecified mRNA molecules and proteins using polymerase chain reactions and immunoassays, respectively. There was a tendency towards an increase of collagen I (11 of 15 studies) and III (13 of 14), metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (6 of 12), -9 (7 of 7), -13 (4 of 7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (4 of 7), and vascular endothelial growth factor (4 of 7), and a decrease in MMP-3 (10 of 12). Fourteen proteomics studies of tendon tissues/cells failed inclusion, mostly because they were conducted in animals or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Based on methods, which only allowed simultaneous quantification of a limited number of prespecified mRNA molecules or proteins, several proteins appeared to be differentially expressed/represented in rotator cuff tendinopathy and other tendinopathies. No proteomics studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria, although proteomics technologies may be a way to identify protein profiles (including non-prespecified proteins) that characterise specific tendon disorders or stages of tendinopathy. Thus, our results suggested an untapped potential for proteomics in tendon research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hee Jung Sejersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland—University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Poul Frost
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Bæk Hansen
- Research Unit for Orthopaedics, Holstebro Regional Hospital, Holstebro, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Wulff Svendsen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland—University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
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24
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Pawelec KM, Wardale RJ, Best SM, Cameron RE. The effects of scaffold architecture and fibrin gel addition on tendon cell phenotype. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5349. [PMID: 25578703 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of tissue engineering scaffolds relies on careful selection of pore architecture and chemistry of the cellular environment. Repair of skeletal soft tissue, such as tendon, is particularly challenging, since these tissues have a relatively poor healing response. When removed from their native environment, tendon cells (tenocytes) lose their characteristic morphology and the expression of phenotypic markers. To stimulate tendon cells to recreate a healthy extracellular matrix, both architectural cues and fibrin gels have been used in the past, however, their relative effects have not been studied systematically. Within this study, a combination of collagen scaffold architecture, axial and isotropic, and fibrin gel addition was assessed, using ovine tendon-derived cells to determine the optimal strategy for controlling the proliferation and protein expression. Scaffold architecture and fibrin gel addition influenced tendon cell behavior independently in vitro. Addition of fibrin gel within a scaffold doubled cell number and increased matrix production for all architectures studied. However, scaffold architecture dictated the type of matrix produced by cells, regardless of fibrin addition. Axial scaffolds, mimicking native tendon, promoted a mature matrix, with increased tenomodulin, a marker for mature tendon cells, and decreased scleraxis, an early transcription factor for connective tissue. This study demonstrated that both architectural cues and fibrin gel addition alter cell behavior and that the combination of these signals could improve clinical performance of current tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pawelec
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Materials Science and Metallurgy Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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25
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Cheng X, Tsao C, Sylvia VL, Cornet D, Nicolella DP, Bredbenner TL, Christy RJ. Platelet-derived growth-factor-releasing aligned collagen-nanoparticle fibers promote the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1360-9. [PMID: 24291329 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the healing potential of an injured tendon, we have prepared a novel biomimetic aligned collagen-nanoparticle (NP) composite fiber using an electrochemical process. The aligned collagen-NP composite fiber is designed to affect the cellular activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through two different ways: (i) topographic cues from the alignment of collagen fibril and (ii) controlled release of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) from the NPs. PDGF released from collagen-NP fibers significantly enhanced the proliferation of ADSCs when tested for up to 7 days. Moreover, compared to random collagen fibers with PDGFs, aligned collagen-NP fibers significantly promoted the desirable tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs, as evidenced by an increased level of tendon markers such as tenomodulin and scleraxis. On the other hand, no undesirable osteogenic differentiation, as measured by the unchanged level of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, was observed. Together, these results indicate that the aligned collagen-NP composite fiber induced the tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs through both a topographic cue (aligned collagen fibril) and a chemical cue (PDGF released from NPs). Thus, our novel aligned collagen-NP composite fiber has a significant potential to be used for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingGuo Cheng
- Microencapsulation and Nanomaterials Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
| | - Christopher Tsao
- Microencapsulation and Nanomaterials Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Victor L Sylvia
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Douglas Cornet
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- Materials Engineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Todd L Bredbenner
- Materials Engineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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26
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Defects in tendon, ligament, and enthesis in response to genetic alterations in key proteoglycans and glycoproteins: a review. ARTHRITIS 2013; 2013:154812. [PMID: 24324885 PMCID: PMC3842050 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the genetic alterations and knockdown approaches published in the literature to assess the role of key proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the structural development, function, and repair of tendon, ligament, and enthesis. The information was collected from (i) genetically altered mice, (ii) in vitro knockdown studies, (iii) genetic variants predisposition to injury, and (iv) human genetic diseases. The genes reviewed are for small leucine-rich proteoglycans (lumican, fibromodulin, biglycan, decorin, and asporin); dermatan sulfate epimerase (Dse) that alters structure of glycosaminoglycan and hence the function of small leucine-rich proteoglycans by converting glucuronic to iduronic acid; matricellular proteins (thrombospondin 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc), periostin, and tenascin X) including human tenascin C variants; and others, such as tenomodulin, leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1 (chondromodulin-I, ChM-I), CD44 antigen (Cd44), lubricin (Prg4), and aggrecan degrading gene, a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5 (Adamts5). Understanding these genes represents drug targets for disrupting pathological mechanisms that lead to tendinopathy, ligamentopathy, enthesopathy, enthesitis and tendon/ligament injury, that is, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
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27
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Komiyama Y, Ohba S, Shimohata N, Nakajima K, Hojo H, Yano F, Takato T, Docheva D, Shukunami C, Hiraki Y, Chung UI. Tenomodulin expression in the periodontal ligament enhances cellular adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60203. [PMID: 23593173 PMCID: PMC3622668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a type II transmembrane protein characteristically expressed in dense connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments. Its expression in the periodontal ligament (PDL) has also been demonstrated, though the timing and function remain unclear. We investigated the expression of Tnmd during murine tooth eruption and explored its biological functions in vitro. Tnmd expression was related to the time of eruption when occlusal force was transferred to the teeth and surrounding tissues. Tnmd overexpression enhanced cell adhesion in NIH3T3 and human PDL cells. In addition, Tnmd-knockout fibroblasts showed decreased cell adhesion. In the extracellular portions of Tnmd, the BRICHOS domain or CS region was found to be responsible for Tnmd-mediated enhancement of cell adhesion. These results suggest that Tnmd acts on the maturation or maintenance of the PDL by positively regulating cell adhesion via its BRICHOS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuske Komiyama
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SO); (YK)
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SO); (YK)
| | - Nobuyuki Shimohata
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiraki
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen X, Yin Z, Chen JL, Shen WL, Liu HH, Tang QM, Fang Z, Lu LR, Ji J, Ouyang HW. Force and scleraxis synergistically promote the commitment of human ES cells derived MSCs to tenocytes. Sci Rep 2012; 2:977. [PMID: 23243495 PMCID: PMC3522101 DOI: 10.1038/srep00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As tendon stem/progenitor cells were reported to be rare in tendon tissues, tendons as vulnerable targets of sports injury possess poor self-repair capability. Human ESCs (hESCs) represent a promising approach to tendon regeneration. But their teno-lineage differentiation strategy has yet to be defined. Here, we report that force combined with the tendon-specific transcription factor scleraxis synergistically promoted commitment of hESCs to tenocyte for functional tissue regeneration. Force and scleraxis can independently induce tendon differentiation. However, force alone concomitantly activated osteogenesis, while scleraxis alone was not sufficient to commit, but augment tendon differentiation. Scleraxis synergistically augmented the efficacy of force on teno-lineage differentiation and inhibited the osteo-lineage differentiation by antagonized BMP signaling cascade. The findings not only demonstrated a novel strategy of directing hESC differentiation to tenocyte for functional tendon regeneration, but also offered insights into understanding the network of force, scleraxis and bmp2 controlling tendon-lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Steiner TH, Bürki A, Ferguson SJ, Gantenbein-Ritter B. Stochastic amplitude-modulated stretching of rabbit flexor digitorum profundus tendons reduces stiffness compared to cyclic loading but does not affect tenocyte metabolism. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:222. [PMID: 23150982 PMCID: PMC3557209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that frequency modulation of loading influences cellular response and metabolism in 3D tissues such as cartilage, bone and intervertebral disc. However, the mechano-sensitivity of cells in linear tissues such as tendons or ligaments might be more sensitive to changes in strain amplitude than frequency. Here, we hypothesized that tenocytes in situ are mechano-responsive to random amplitude modulation of strain. Methods We compared stochastic amplitude-modulated versus sinusoidal cyclic stretching. Rabbit tendon were kept in tissue-culture medium for twelve days and were loaded for 1h/day for six of the total twelve culture days. The tendons were randomly subjected to one of three different loading regimes: i) stochastic (2 – 7% random strain amplitudes), ii) cyclic_RMS (2–4.42% strain) and iii) cyclic_high (2 - 7% strain), all at 1 Hz and for 3,600 cycles, and one unloaded control. Results At the end of the culture period, the stiffness of the “stochastic” group was significantly lower than that of the cyclic_RMS and cyclic_high groups (both, p < 0.0001). Gene expression of eleven anabolic, catabolic and inflammatory genes revealed no significant differences between the loading groups. Conclusions We conclude that, despite an equivalent metabolic response, stochastically stretched tendons suffer most likely from increased mechanical microdamage, relative to cyclically loaded ones, which is relevant for tendon regeneration therapies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Steiner
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland
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