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Wound Healing Effects of Dracontomelon dao on Bacterial Infection Wounds in Rats and Its Potential Mechanisms under Simulated Space Environment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4593201. [PMID: 35783508 PMCID: PMC9249481 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4593201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) is the leaves of Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre (D. dao auct. non (Blanco) Merr. and Rolfe; D. sinense Stopf.). As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine from Anacardiaceae, D. dao has a long history of treating bedsores, skin ulcers, and other infection diseases. In addition, the volatile oil from D. dao leaves exhibits antitumor effects. However, these reported studies only focused on evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy on model strains in vitro, without paying attention to the antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. This study was aimed to provide evidence of antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory and proangiogenesis activities of Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) on the skin of rats under simulated space environment. The weightlessness model of rats in space environment was established. Then, rats were given D. dao for 15 days. Wound healing effects of D. dao on histopathology and inflammatory cytokines in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the molecular biology technology was performed to evaluate the wound healing effects of D. dao on the relative protein level of NF-κB as well as PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry was used for the protein expression of VEGFA. The wound healing effects of D. dao on bacterially infected wounds in rats were manifested by lowering the size of the wound and significantly increasing the shrinkage rate of the wound. D. dao had effect on alleviating histological damage of skin tissue and downregulation inflammatory cytokines level. In addition, the results indicated that D. dao has a regulatory effect on inflammation and angiogenesis and could regulate the relative protein level of MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The current study highlighted the crucial role of D. dao in relieving skin tissue injury in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study could provide a new agent for the treatment of bacterial infected wounds in simulated space environment.
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Kong C, Beukema M, Wang M, de Haan BJ, de Vos P. Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:8100-8119. [PMID: 34286788 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) and non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are known to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens to the gut epithelium, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, the effects of 2'-FL, 3-FL, DP3-DP10, DP10-DP60 and DP30-DP60 inulins and DM7, DM55 and DM69 pectins were studied on pathogen adhesion to Caco-2 cells. As the growth phase influences virulence, E. coli ET8, E. coli LMG5862, E. coli O119, E. coli WA321, and S. enterica subsp. enterica LMG07233 from both log and stationary phases were tested. Specificity for enteric pathogens was tested by including the lung pathogen K. pneumoniae LMG20218. Expression of the cell membrane glycosylation genes of galectin and glycocalyx and inflammatory genes was studied in the presence and absence of 2'-FL or NDCs. Inhibition of pathogen adhesion was observed for 2'-FL, inulins, and pectins. Pre-incubation with 2'-FL downregulated ICAM1, and pectins modified the glycosylation genes. In contrast, K. pneumoniae LMG20218 downregulated the inflammatory genes, but these were restored by pre-incubation with pectins, which reduced the adhesion of K. pneumoniae LMG20218. In addition, DM69 pectin significantly upregulated the inflammatory genes. 2'-FL and pectins but not inulins inhibited pathogen adhesion to the gut epithelial Caco-2 cells through changing the cell membrane glycosylation and inflammatory genes, but the effects were molecule-, pathogen-, and growth phase-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Kang H, Yang J, Zhang W, Lu J, Ma X, Sun A, Deng X. Effect of endothelial glycocalyx on water and LDL transport through the rat abdominal aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1724-H1737. [PMID: 33710913 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00861.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is covered by a protective negatively charged layer known as the endothelial glycocalyx. Herein, we hypothesized its transport barrier and mechanosensory role in transmural water flux and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport in an isolated rat abdominal aorta perfused under 85 mmHg and 20 dyn/cm2 ex vivo. The endothelial glycocalyx was digested by hyaluronidase (HAase) from bovine tests. Water infiltration velocity (Vw) was measured by a graduated pipette. LDL coverage and mean maximum infiltration distance (MMID) in the vessel wall were quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy. EC apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique, and leaky junction rates were evaluated by electron microscopy. The results showed that a 42% degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx by HAase treatment increased Vw, LDL coverage, and MMID. Shear stress increased Vw, which cannot be inhibited by HAase treatment. Four hour-shear application increased about fourfolds of LDL coverage, whereas exerted no significant effects on its MMID, EC apoptosis, and the leaky junctions. On the contrary, 24-h shear exposure has no significant effects on LDL coverage, whereas increased 2.74-folds of MMID and about 53% of EC apoptotic rates that could be inhibited by HAase treatment. These results suggest endothelial glycocalyx acts as a transport barrier by decreasing water and LDL transport, as well as a mechanosensor of shear to regulate EC apoptosis, thus affecting leaky junctions and regulating LDL transport into the vessel wall.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A 42% degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx by hyaluronidase of the isolated rat abdominal aorta facilitated water and LDL transport across the vessel wall, suggesting endothelial glycocalyx as a transport barrier. A 24-h shear exposure increased LDL mean maximum infiltration distance, and enhanced EC apoptosis, which could be both inhibited by hyaluronidase treatment, suggesting endothelial glycocalyx may also act as a mechanosensor of shear to regulate EC apoptosis, thus affecting leaky junctions and regulating LDL transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Kong C, Cheng L, Krenning G, Fledderus J, de Haan BJ, Walvoort MTC, de Vos P. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Mediate the Crosstalk Between Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells and Lactobacillus PlantarumWCFS1in an In Vitro Model with Intestinal Peristaltic Shear Force. J Nutr 2020; 150:2077-2088. [PMID: 32542361 PMCID: PMC7398781 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal epithelial cells, food molecules, and gut microbiota are continuously exposed to intestinal peristaltic shear force. Shear force may impact the crosstalk of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) with commensal bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells. OBJECTIVES We investigated how hMOs combined with intestinal peristaltic shear force impact intestinal epithelial cells and crosstalk with a commensal bacterium. METHODS We applied the Ibidi system to mimic intestinal peristaltic shear force. Caco-2 cells were exposed to a shear force (5 dynes/cm2) for 3 d, and then stimulated with the hMOs, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-FL, and lacto-N-triose II (LNT2). In separate experiments, Lactobacillus plantarumWCFS1 adhesion to Caco-2 cells was studied with the same hMOs and shear force. Effects were tested on gene expression of glycocalyx-related molecules (glypican 1 [GPC1], hyaluronan synthase 1 [HAS1], HAS2, HAS3, exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 [EXT1], EXT2), defensin β-1 (DEFB1), and tight junction (tight junction protein 1 [TJP1], claudin 3 [CLDN3]) in Caco-2 cells. Protein expression of tight junctions was also quantified. RESULTS Shear force dramatically decreased gene expression of the main enzymes for making glycosaminoglycan side chains (HAS3 by 43.3% and EXT1 by 68.7%) (P <0.01), but did not affect GPC1 which is the gene responsible for the synthesis of glypican 1 which is a major protein backbone of glycocalyx. Expression of DEFB1, TJP1, and CLDN3 genes was decreased 60.0-94.9% by shear force (P <0.001). The presence of L. plantarumWCFS1 increased GPC1, HAS2, HAS3, and ZO-1 expression by 1.78- to 3.34-fold (P <0.05). Under shear force, all hMOs significantly stimulated DEFB1 and ZO-1, whereas only 3-FL and LNT2 enhanced L. plantarumWCFS1 adhesion by 1.85- to 1.90-fold (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS 3-FL and LNT2 support the crosstalk between the commensal bacterium L. plantarumWCFS1 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, and shear force can increase the modulating effects of hMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianghui Cheng
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Fledderus
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kang H, Wu C, Qu Y, Gao M, Zhang W, Sun A, Deng X. Adaptation of glycocalyx, nitric oxide synthase expression and vascular cell apoptosis in conduit arteries of tail‐suspended rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1013-1021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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Liu J, Kang H, Ma X, Sun A, Luan H, Deng X, Fan Y. Vascular Cell Glycocalyx-Mediated Vascular Remodeling Induced by Hemodynamic Environmental Alteration. Hypertension 2018; 71:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling induced by hemodynamic stimuli contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) glycocalyx in the mechanotransduction of flow-induced shear stress at the cellular and molecular levels has been demonstrated over the past decade. However, its potential mechanotransduction role in vascular remodeling has triggered little attention. In the present study, a home-made apparatus was used to expose the rat abdominal aorta to sterile, flow or no flow, normal-pressure or high-pressure conditions for 4 days. The histomophometric, cellular, and molecular analysis of vessels were performed. The results showed that after exposing the vessels in the flow and high-pressure condition, the apoptotic rate, the cell number, and the RNA level of contractile marker gene smooth muscle 22 of smooth muscle cells were significantly increased, whereas the expression of nitric oxide synthase, α-smooth muscle actin, smoothelin, and calponion showed no significant differences compared with the flow and normal-pressure groups. Moreover, the histomophometric analysis of vascular walls suggested a remodeling induced by flow and high-pressure loading consistent with the classic hypertensive aortic phenotype, which is characterized by a thicker and more rigid vascular wall as well as increased aortic diameter. However, those phenomena were totally abolished after compromising the integrity of glycocalyx by the treatment of vessels with hyaluronidase, which provided evidence of the important mechanotransduction role of the vascular cells glycocalyx in vascular remodeling induced by hemodynamic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
| | - Hongyan Kang
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
| | - Anqiang Sun
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
| | - Huiqin Luan
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China (H.L., Y.F.)
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
| | - Yubo Fan
- From the Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China (H.L., Y.F.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, China (J.L., H.K., X.M., A.S., X.D., Y.F.)
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