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Buerger AN, Parente CE, Harris JP, Watts EG, Wormington AM, Bisesi JH. Impacts of diethylhexyl phthalate and overfeeding on physical fitness and lipid mobilization in Danio rerio (zebrafish). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133703. [PMID: 35066078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity has steadily increased on a global scale, research has shifted to explore potential contributors to this pandemic beyond overeating and lack of exercise. Environmental chemical contaminants, known as obesogens, alter metabolic processes and exacerbate the obese phenotype. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a common chemical plasticizer found in medical supplies, food packaging, and polyvinyl materials, and has been identified as a probable obesogen. This study investigated the hypothesis that co-exposure to DEHP and overfeeding would result in decreased lipid mobilization and physical fitness in Danio rerio (zebrafish). Four treatment groups were randomly assigned: Regular Fed (control, 10 mg/fish/day with 0 mg/kg DEHP), Overfed (20 mg/fish/day with 0 mg/kg DEHP), Regular Fed + DEHP (10 mg/fish/day with 3 mg/kg DEHP), Overfed + DEHP (20 mg/fish/day with 3 mg/kg DEHP). After 24 weeks, swim tunnel assays were conducted on half of the zebrafish from each treatment to measure critical swimming speeds (Ucrit); the other fish were euthanized without swimming. Body mass index (BMI) was measured, and tissues were collected for blood lipid characterization and gene expression analyses. Co-exposure to DEHP and overfeeding decreased swim performance as measured by Ucrit. While no differences in blood lipids were observed with DEHP exposure, differential expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and utilization in the gastrointestinal and liver tissue suggests alterations in metabolism and lipid packaging, which may impact utilization and ability to mobilize lipid reserves during physical activity following chronic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Buerger
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caitlyn E Parente
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason P Harris
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily G Watts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexis M Wormington
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Straight CR, Toth MJ, Miller MS. Current perspectives on obesity and skeletal muscle contractile function in older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:10-16. [PMID: 33211593 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00739.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most pressing public health issues of the 21st century and currently affects a substantial proportion of the older adult population. Although the cardiometabolic complications are well documented, research from the past 20 years has drawn attention to the detrimental effects of obesity on physical performance in older adults. Obesity-related declines in physical performance are due, in part, to compromised muscle strength and power. Recent evidence suggests there are a number of mechanisms potentially underlying reduced whole muscle function, including alterations in myofilament protein function and cellular contractile properties, and these may be related to morphological adaptations, such as shifts in fiber type composition and increased intramyocellular lipid content within skeletal muscle. To date, even less research has focused on how exercise and weight loss interventions for obese older adults affect these mechanisms. In light of this work, we provide an update on the current knowledge related to obesity and skeletal muscle contractile function and highlight a number of questions to address potential etiologic mechanisms as well as intervention strategies, which may help advance our understanding of how physical performance can be improved among obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Toth
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Baran A, Sulukan E, Türkoğlu M, Ghosigharehagaji A, Yildirim S, Kankaynar M, Bolat I, Kaya M, Topal A, Ceyhun SB. Is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) really completely innocent? It may be triggering obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2465-2473. [PMID: 32987073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which has GRAS status and has been determined as "ADI non specified", was re-evaluated with a new modelling and molecular-based data. For this purpose, CMC, a food additive, was injected to the yolk sac (food) of the zebrafish embryo by the microinjection method at the 4th hour of fertilization at different concentrations. As a result, it was found that CMC showed no toxic effects within the framework of the parameters studied. But, we determined increasing lipid accumulation in zebrafish embryos exposed to CMC in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this lipid accumulation, the expression levels of genes related to obesity-linked lipid metabolism were examined. Our findings show that while CMC does not cause a toxic effect in zebrafish embryos, it can lead important effects on lipid metabolism by causing changes in the expression of some genes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Baran
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Erzurum Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Medine Türkoğlu
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atena Ghosigharehagaji
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Topal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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