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Schisandrin B Alleviates Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic neuropathy Induced by P2X7 Receptor in Superior Cervical Ganglion via NLRP3. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9956950. [PMID: 36660202 PMCID: PMC9845055 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9956950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus which brings about high mortality, high morbidity, and large economic burden to the society. Compensatory tachycardia after myocardial ischemia caused by DCAN can increase myocardial injury and result in more damage to the cardiac function. The inflammation induced by hyperglycemia can increase P2X7 receptor expression in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), resulting in nerve damage. It is proved that inhibiting the expression of P2X7 receptor at the superior cervical ganglion can ameliorate the nociceptive signaling dysregulation induced by DCAN. However, the effective drug used for decreasing P2X7 receptor expression has not been found. Schisandrin B is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Whether Schisandrin B can decrease the expression of P2X7 receptor in diabetic rats to protect the cardiovascular system was investigated in this study. After diabetic model rats were made, Schisandrin B and shRNA of P2X7 receptor were given to different groups to verify the impact of Schisandrin B on the expression of P2X7 receptor. Pathological blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and sympathetic nerve discharge were ameliorated after administration of Schisandrin B. Moreover, the upregulated protein level of P2X7 receptor, NLRP3 inflammasomes, and interleukin-1β in diabetic rats were decreased after treatment, which indicates that Schisandrin B can alleviate the chronic inflammation caused by diabetes and decrease the expression levels of P2X7 via NLRP3. These findings suggest that Schisandrin B can be a potential therapeutical agent for DCAN.
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Xu X, Liu B, Yang J, Zou Y, Sun M, Li Z, Li L, Yang R, Zou L, Li G, Liu S, Li G, Liang S. Glucokinase in stellate ganglia cooperates with P2X3 receptor to develop cardiac sympathetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:290-297. [PMID: 33091480 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) may be involved in inflammatory pathological changes, while the P2X3 receptor in the stellate ganglia (SG) is related to diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In this study, we explored the relationship between the upregulated GCK in SG and diabetic cardiac sympathy. The expression and location of GCK and P2X3 in SG of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were assessed. Changes in cardiac function were determined by measuring blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and heart rate variability. P2X3 agonist-activated currents in isolated stellate ganglion neurons and cultured human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. The upregulated expression of GCK in SG of T2DM rats was decreased after treatment with GCK short hairpin RNA (shRNA). GCK shRNA treatment also improved the blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and heart rate variability in T2DM rats. By contrast, the expression of P2X3 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was lessened by GCK shRNA treatment. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated currents in stellate ganglion neurons and HEK293 cells co-transfected with GCK and P2X3 receptor plasmids were reduced after GCK shRNA treatment. In T2DM rats, knockdown of GCK relieved the diabetic cardiac sympathy mediated by P2X3 receptor-involved upregulation of GCK in SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoe Liu
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu G, Dai B, Chen Z, He L, Guo J, Dan Y, Liang S, Li G. Effects of chronic lead exposure on the sympathoexcitatory response associated with the P2X7 receptor in rat superior cervical ganglia. Auton Neurosci 2019; 219:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pawar HN, Balivada S, Kenney MJ. Does acute heat stress differentially-modulate expression of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors in the RVLM of young and aged F344 rats? Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:223-233. [PMID: 30287307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rostral ventral lateral medulla (RVLM) is a brainstem area that plays a role in regulating numerous physiological systems, especially their responsiveness to acute stress. Aging affects the responsiveness of RVLM neural circuits to acute stress. Based on the relationship between ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors in the RVLM and the physiological functions mediated via activation of these receptors, we hypothesized that in response to acute heat stress the expression of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors in the RVLM of aged rats would be characterized by upregulation of inhibitory subunits and downregulation of excitatory subunits. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of acute heating on the gene expression profile of RVLM inhibitory (GABAA and Glycine) and excitatory (NMDA and AMPA) ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor subunits in young and aged F344 rats. RVLM tissue punches from young and aged F344 rats were analyzed using TaqMan qPCR and immunoblotting. When compared to age-matched controls, heat stress increased the gene expression of RVLM inhibitory receptor subunits in aged (Gabra1, Gabra2, Gabra5, Glra1) and young (Gabra1) F344 rats at mRNA level, with little change in the expression of RVLM excitatory receptor subunits. Significant age x heat interaction effects were observed with increased expression of Gabra2 and Gabrb1 inhibitory receptor subunits and decreased expression of Gria1 and Gria2 excitatory receptor subunits in the RVLM of aged F344 rats, with the most marked change observed with the Gabra2 subunit, which was validated by immunoblotting. These findings demonstrate that in response to acute heat stress there is enhanced expression of inhibitory ionotropic receptor subunits in aged compared to young rats, supporting the idea that advanced age may alter RVLM responsivity by affecting the molecular substrate of ionotropic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh N Pawar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Sivasai Balivada
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Michael J Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Guo J, Sheng X, Dan Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ji H, Wang J, Xu Z, Che H, Li G, Liang S, Li G. Involvement of P2Y 12 receptor of stellate ganglion in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:345-357. [PMID: 30084083 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes as a chronic epidemic disease with obvious symptom of hyperglycemia is seriously affecting human health globally due to the diverse diabetic complications. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and incurs high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism for DCAN is unclear. It is well known that purinergic signaling is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. In this study, we examined whether the P2Y12 receptor could mediate DCAN-induced sympathetic reflexes. Our results revealed that the abnormal changes of blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and sympathetic nerve discharge were improved in diabetic rats treated with P2Y12 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Meanwhile, the expression of P2Y12 receptor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and connexin 43 (Cx43) in stellate ganglia (SG) was decreased in P2Y12 shRNA-treated diabetic rats. In addition, knocking down the P2Y12 receptor also inhibited the activation of p38 MARK in the SG of diabetic rats. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that P2Y12 receptor in the SG may participate in developing diabetic autonomic neuropathy, suggesting that the P2Y12 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DCAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Dan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yurong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuanruohan Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huihong Ji
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hongyu Che
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Balivada S, Pawar HN, Montgomery S, Kenney MJ. Effect of ghrelin on regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge. Auton Neurosci 2016; 201:68-71. [PMID: 27554768 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin influences immune system function and modulates the sympathetic nervous system; however, the contribution of ghrelin to neural-immune interactions is not well-established because the effect of ghrelin on splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) is not known. This study tested the hypothesis that central ghrelin administration would inhibit splenic SND in anesthetized rats. Rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of ghrelin (1nmol/kg) or aCSF. Lumbar SND recordings provided a non-visceral nerve control. The ICV ghrelin administration significantly increased splenic and lumbar SND, whereas mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not altered. These findings provide fundamental information regarding the nature of sympathetic-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasai Balivada
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Hitesh N Pawar
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - Shawnee Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Michael J Kenney
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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Medullary regulation of visceral sympathetic nerve discharge at peak hyperthermia in aged F344 rats. Auton Neurosci 2014; 186:32-7. [PMID: 25262958 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress provides a potent stimulus for the activation of visceral sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in young but not aged rats. Central mechanisms mediating attenuated SND responses to heating in aged rats have not been investigated. Because the GABAergic system in the rostral ventral lateral medulla (RVLM) is tonically inhibitory to SND, it is plausible to hypothesize that the withdrawal of RVLM GABA tone as a strategy to activate renal SND to heating is not engaged to the same degree in aged compared with young rats. The effect of bilateral RVLM disinhibition produced by bicuculline (BIC, GABA(A) receptor antagonist, 100 pmol) microinjections on renal SND in anesthetized young (3-6 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) Fischer 344 rats was determined after core body temperature (Tc) had been increased to 41.5 °C. Renal SND at 41.5 °C was significantly increased from control levels in young but not aged rats, whereas RVLM BIC microinjections at 41.5 °C produced marked renal sympathoexcitation in both groups. RVLM BIC microinjections at 38 °C in young and aged rats increased renal SND to similar levels as produced by RVLM BIC microinjections at 41.5 °C. The enhanced heating-induced renal sympathoactivation in young compared with aged rats; coupled with marked RVLM BIC-induced SND excitation under hyperthermic and normothermic conditions in both young and aged rats, suggests age-dependent changes in the withdrawal of RVLM GABA tone as a strategy to activate renal SND in response to acute heating.
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