1
|
Afroundeh R, Hofmann P, Esmaeilzadeh S, Narimani M, Pesola AJ. Agreement between heart rate deflection point and maximal lactate steady state in young adults with different body masses. Physiol Int 2021. [PMID: 33764893 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the agreement between heart rate deflection point (HRDP) variables with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in a sample of young males categorized to different body mass statuses using body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. One hundred and eighteen young males (19.9 ± 4.4 years) underwent a standard running incremental protocol with individualized speed increment between 0.3 and 1.0 km/h for HRDP determination. HRDP was determined using the modified Dmax method called S.Dmax. MLSS was determined using 2-5 series of constant-speed treadmill runs. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration (La) were measured in all tests. MLSS was defined as the maximal running speed yielding a La increase of less than 1 mmol/L during the last 20 min. Good agreement was observed between HRDP and MLSS for HR for all participants (±1.96; 95% CI = -11.5 to +9.2 b/min, ICC = 0.88; P < 0.001). Good agreement was observed between HRDP and MLSS for speed for all participants (±1.96; 95% CI = -0.40 to +0.42 km/h, ICC = 0.98; P < 0.001). The same findings were observed when participants were categorized in different body mass groups. In conclusion, HRDP can be used as a simple, non-invasive and time-efficient method to objectively determine submaximal aerobic performance in nonathletic young adult men with varying body mass status, according to the chosen standards for HRDP determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Afroundeh
- 1Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - P Hofmann
- 2Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group; Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health; University of Graz, Austria
| | - S Esmaeilzadeh
- 1Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran
- 3Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - M Narimani
- 1Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A J Pesola
- 3Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karsenty C, Khraiche D, Jais JP, Raimondi F, Ladouceur M, Waldmann V, Soulat G, Pontnau F, Bonnet D, Iserin L, Legendre A. Predictors of low exercise cardiac output in patients with severe pulmonic regurgitation. Heart 2020; 107:223-228. [PMID: 33199362 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic pulmonic regurgitation (PR) following repair of congenital heart disease (CHD) impairs right ventricular function that impacts peak exercise cardiac index (pCI). We aimed to estimate in a non-invasive way pCI and peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) and to evaluate predictors of low pCI in patients with significant residual pulmonic regurgitation after CHD repair. METHOD We included 82 patients (median age 19 years (range 10-54 years)) with residual pulmonic regurgitation fraction >40%. All underwent cardiac MRI and cardiopulmonary testing with measurement of pCI by thoracic impedancemetry. Low pCI was defined <7 L/min/m2. RESULTS Low pCI was found in 18/82 patients. Peak indexed stroke volume (pSVi) tended to compensate chronotropic insufficiency only in patients with normal pCI (r=-0.31, p=0.01). Below 20 years of age, only 5/45 patients had low pCI but near-normal (≥6.5 L/min/m2). pVO2 (mL/kg/min) was correlated with pCI (r=0.58, p=0.0002) only in patients aged >20 years. Left ventricular stroke volume in MRI correlated with pSVi only in the group of patients with low pCI (r=0.54, p=0.02). No MRI measurements predicted low pCI. In multivariable analysis, only age predicted a low pCI (OR=1.082, 95% CI 1.035 to 1.131, p=0.001) with continuous increase of risk with age. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe PR, pVO2 is a partial reflection of pCI. Risk of low pCI increases with age. No resting MRI measurement predicts low haemodynamic response to exercise. Probably more suitable to detect ventricular dysfunction, pCI measurement could be an additional parameter to take into account when considering pulmonic valve replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Karsenty
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - Diala Khraiche
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit 'centre de référence des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes-M3C', Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Jean Philippe Jais
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Biostatistics Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Francesca Raimondi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit 'centre de référence des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes-M3C', Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Ladouceur
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Victor Waldmann
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gilles Soulat
- INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Department of Radiology, Hospital European George Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Florence Pontnau
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit 'centre de référence des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes-M3C', Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Iserin
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Antoine Legendre
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale Adulte, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France .,Pediatric Cardiology Unit 'centre de référence des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes-M3C', Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colakoglu M, Ozkaya O, Balci GA. The importance of the verification phase following an incremental exercise to ensure maximum oxygen consumption. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1342-1348. [PMID: 32639117 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze cardiac output (Qc), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and arterio-venous O<inf>2</inf> difference (a-vO<inf>2diff</inf>) responses throughout a graded exercise test (GXT) and verification phase (VP) to examine whether SV decrement during the GXT is a main factor for underestimation of the maximal O<inf>2</inf> uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>), or not. METHODS Seven well-trained male cyclists volunteered for this study (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>: 61.7±6.13 mL∙min<sup>-1</sup>∙kg<sup>-1</sup>). Following submaximal tests, participants were asked to perform GXT until exhaustion. Then, multisession verifications were performed on different days using ±3% constant work rates. The highest 30-second mean of V̇O<inf>2</inf> was considered as the V̇O<inf>2max</inf> and corresponding external power as peak power output (PPO). The Qc, SV, HR, and a-vO<inf>2diff</inf> responses were evaluated at both GXT and VP by nitrous-oxide rebreathing method. After repeated-measures analyses, possible significant differences were investigated by LSD/Wilcoxon. RESULTS It was shown that the HR and a-vO<inf>2diff</inf> reached their potentially highest values at the end of the both GXT and VP (192.9±8.8 vs. 190.7±7.9 bpm; 17.1±1.6 vs. 16.9±1.1%, respectively; P>0.05); however, SV (128.8±11.2 vs. 137.3±11.2 mL; P=0.029) and Qc (24.8±2.02 vs. 26.2±2.71 L·min<sup>-1</sup>; P=0.046) were lower at GXT when compared to the VP. V̇O<inf>2</inf> means were, therefore, higher in VP when compared to the GXT (61.7±6.13 vs. 59.1±6.2 mL∙min<sup>-1</sup>∙kg<sup>-1</sup>; P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS The GXT provided only a peak V̇O<inf>2</inf> but not the V̇O<inf>2max</inf>. Consequently, the real V̇O<inf>2max</inf> and PPO could be provided by only VP administrations. This is likely to result from the lower Qc and SV responses observed from a prolonged incremental test protocol when compared to short bouts of constant work rate trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Colakoglu
- Department of Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey -
| | - Ozgur Ozkaya
- Department of Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Gorkem A Balci
- Department of Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Colakoglu M, Ozkaya O, Balci GA, Yapicioglu B. Stroke volume responses may be related to the gap between peak and maximal O2 consumption. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Nikooie R. Determination of Anaerobic Threshold by Monitoring the O2 Pulse Changes in Endurance Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 30:1700-7. [PMID: 26554552 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of anaerobic threshold (AnT)-equivalent to the second turn point for lactate (LTP2)-estimation using the O2 pulse changes in highly trained endurance cyclists who do not show heart rate deflection point (HRDP) during incremental testing. Sixteen endurance cyclists (age, 24.8 ± 4.7 years) and fifteen active men (age, 24.8 ± 3.7 years) performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Pulmonary oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) and other hemodynamic variables, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were measured continuously throughout the test. O2 pulse anaerobic threshold (O2 pulse-AnT) was defined as the second turn point in O2 pulse-workload curve. LTP2 was considered as gold standard assessment of AnT and was applied to confirm the validity of O2 pulse-AnT. Intraclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method were used to determine the relationship and agreement between the O2 corresponding to LTP2 and O2 pulse-AnT, respectively. The active men and 68.7% of the endurance cyclists showed HRDP, whereas all subjects showed O2 pulse-AnT during incremental testing. In both groups, the values for V[Combining Dot Above]O2 corresponding to LTP2 were not significantly different from the V[Combining Dot Above]O2 at O2 pulse-AnT. The V[Combining Dot Above]O2 at LTP2 and O2 pulse-AnT were highly correlated (endurance cyclists: R = 0.68; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 3.74 ml·kg·min and active men: R = 0.58; SEE = 2.91 ml·kg·min) and Bland-Altman plot revealed the limit of agreement of O2 at LTP2 and O2 pulse-AnT differences between 5.1 and 8.6 ml·kg·min (95% CI). In summary, results of this study showed that the second turn point in the O2 pulse-workload curve occurs around LTP2. Therefore, using O2 pulse-AnT is recommended for the noninvasive determination of AnT in highly trained endurance cyclists who do not show HRDP during incremental exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nikooie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colakoglu M, Ozkaya O, Balci GA, Yapicioglu B. Shorter intervals at peak SV vs.V̇O2max may yield high SV with less physiological stress. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 15:623-30. [PMID: 25307847 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.966762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether greater and sustainable stroke volume (SV) responses may be obtained by exercise intensities corresponding to peak SV (SVpeak) vs. maximal O2 consumption (VO2max), and short vs. long intervals (SI vs. LI). Nine moderate- to well-trained male athletes competing at regional level specialists of cyclist, track and field volunteered to take part in the study (VO2max: 59.7 ± 7.4 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)). Following familiarisation sessions, VO2max was determined, and then SVpeak was evaluated using exercise intensities at 40%-100% of VO2max by nitrous-oxide rebreathing (N2ORB) method. Then each separate participant exercised wattages corresponding to individual VO2max and SVpeak during both SI (SIVO2max and SI(SVpeak)) and LI (LIVO2max and LI(SVpeak)) workouts on a cycle ergometer. Main results showed that both SIVO2max and SI(SVpeak) yielded greater SV responses than LIVO2max and LI(SVpeak) (p ≤ 0.05). Mean SV responses were greater in LI(SVpeak) than in LIVO2max (p ≤ 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between SI(SVpeak) and SIVO2max. However, there was significantly less physiological stress based on VO2, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and rate of perceived exhaustion in SVpeak than in [Formula: see text] intensities (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, SV responses at exercise phases increased in the early stages and remain stable until the end of SIVO2max and SI(SVpeak) workouts (p > 0.05), while they were gradually decreasing in LIVO2max and LI(SVpeak) sessions (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, if the aim of a training session is to improve SVpeak with less physiological stress, SI(SVpeak) seems a better alternative than other modalities tested in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Colakoglu
- a School of Physical Education and Sports, Coaching Education Department , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozkaya
- a School of Physical Education and Sports, Coaching Education Department , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Gorkem Aybars Balci
- a School of Physical Education and Sports, Coaching Education Department , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Bulent Yapicioglu
- a School of Physical Education and Sports, Coaching Education Department , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med 2013; 43:313-38. [PMID: 23539308 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIT), in a variety of forms, is today one of the most effective means of improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic function and, in turn, the physical performance of athletes. HIT involves repeated short-to-long bouts of rather high-intensity exercise interspersed with recovery periods. For team and racquet sport players, the inclusion of sprints and all-out efforts into HIT programmes has also been shown to be an effective practice. It is believed that an optimal stimulus to elicit both maximal cardiovascular and peripheral adaptations is one where athletes spend at least several minutes per session in their 'red zone,' which generally means reaching at least 90% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). While use of HIT is not the only approach to improve physiological parameters and performance, there has been a growth in interest by the sport science community for characterizing training protocols that allow athletes to maintain long periods of time above 90% of VO2max (T@VO2max). In addition to T@VO2max, other physiological variables should also be considered to fully characterize the training stimulus when programming HIT, including cardiovascular work, anaerobic glycolytic energy contribution and acute neuromuscular load and musculoskeletal strain. Prescription for HIT consists of the manipulation of up to nine variables, which include the work interval intensity and duration, relief interval intensity and duration, exercise modality, number of repetitions, number of series, as well as the between-series recovery duration and intensity. The manipulation of any of these variables can affect the acute physiological responses to HIT. This article is Part I of a subsequent II-part review and will discuss the different aspects of HIT programming, from work/relief interval manipulation to the selection of exercise mode, using different examples of training cycles from different sports, with continued reference to T@VO2max and cardiovascular responses. Additional programming and periodization considerations will also be discussed with respect to other variables such as anaerobic glycolytic system contribution (as inferred from blood lactate accumulation), neuromuscular load and musculoskeletal strain (Part II).
Collapse
|
8
|
Marques-Neto SR, Maior AS, Maranhão Neto GA, Santos EL. Analysis of heart rate deflection points to predict the anaerobic threshold by a computerized method. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:1967-74. [PMID: 22717984 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318234eb5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have used the heart rate deflection points (HRDPs) during incremental exercise tests, because of their strong correlation with the anaerobic threshold. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the HRDPs identified by a computerized method and compare them with ventilatory and lactate thresholds. Twenty-four professional soccer players (age, 22 ± 5 years; body mass, 74 ± 7 kg; height 177 ± 7 cm) volunteered for the study. The subjects completed a Bruce-protocol incremental treadmill exercise test to volitional fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and alveolar gas exchange were recorded continuously at ≥1 Hz during exercise testing. Subsequently, the time course of the HR was fit by a computer algorithm, and a set of lines yielding the lowest pooled residual sum of squares was chosen as the best fit. This procedure defined 2 HRDPs (HRDP1 and HRDP2). The HR break points averaged 43.9 ± 5.9 and 89.7 ± 7.5% of the VO2peak. The HRDP1 showed a poor correlation with ventilatory threshold (VT; r = 0.50), but HRDP2 was highly correlated to the respiratory compensation (RC) point (r = 0.98). Neither HRDP1 nor HRDP2 was correlated with LT1 (at VO2 = 2.26 ± 0.72 L·min(-1); r = 0.26) or LT2 (2.79 ± 0.59 L·min(-1); r = 0.49), respectively. LT1 and LT2 also were not well correlated with VT (2.93 ± 0.68 L·min(-1); r = 0.20) or RC (3.82 ± 0.60 L·min(-1); r = 0.58), respectively. Although the HR deflection points were not correlated to LT, HRDP2 could be identified in all the subjects and was strongly correlated with RC, consistent with a relationship to cardiorespiratory fatigue and endurance performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio R Marques-Neto
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (IBCCF/UFRJ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuniga JM, Housh TJ, Camic CL, Bergstrom HC, Traylor DA, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Metabolic parameters for ramp versus step incremental cycle ergometer tests. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1110-7. [PMID: 22963385 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine mean differences and the patterns of responses for oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O(2)), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for ramp (15 W·min(-1)) versus step (30 W increments every 2 min) incremental cycle ergometer tests. Fourteen subjects (age and body mass of 23.2 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD ) years and 71.1 ± 10.1 kg, respectively) visited the laboratory on separate occasions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with appropriate follow-up procedures, as well as paired t tests, were used to analyze the data. In addition, polynomial regression analyses were used to determine the patterns of responses for each dependent variable for the ramp and step tests. The ramp protocol resulted in lower mean [Formula: see text]O(2) and HR values at the common power outputs than the step protocol with no differences in RPE. The increased amount of work performed during the step (total work = 75.83 kJ) versus ramp (total work = 65.60 kJ) tests at the common power outputs may have contributed to the greater [Formula: see text]O(2) and HR values. The polynomial regression analyses showed that most subjects had the same patterns of responses for the ramp and step incremental tests for HR (86%) and RPE (93%) but different patterns for [Formula: see text]O(2) (71%). The findings from the present study suggested that the protocol selection for an incremental cycle ergometer test can affect the mean values for [Formula: see text]O(2) and HR, as well as the [Formula: see text]O(2) - power output relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Zuniga
- Department of Exercise Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Billat VL, Petot H, Landrain M, Meilland R, Koralsztein JP, Mille-Hamard L. Cardiac output and performance during a marathon race in middle-aged recreational runners. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:810859. [PMID: 22645458 PMCID: PMC3356747 DOI: 10.1100/2012/810859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost). METHODS We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min ± 45 min). RESULTS Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0 ± 1.6%, 77.2 ± 2.6%, and 68.7 ± 2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL of CO × m(-1)) (r = -0.65, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the runner's ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r = 0.83, P < 0.0002). CONCLUSION Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique L Billat
- UBIAE, U902 INSERM, University of Evry-Val-D'Essonne, 91025 Evry, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Varela-Sanz A, España J, Carr N, Boullosa DA, Esteve-Lanao J. Effects of gradual-elastic compression stockings on running economy, kinematics, and performance in runners. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 25:2902-10. [PMID: 21912341 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31820f5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of gradual-elastic compression stockings (GCSs) on running economy (RE), kinematics, and performance in endurance runners. Sixteen endurance trained athletes (age: 34.73 ± 6.27 years; VO2max: 62.83 ± 9.03 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1); 38 minutes in 10 km; 1 hour 24 minutes in half marathon) performed in random order 4 bouts of 6 minutes at a recent half-marathon pace on a treadmill to evaluate RE with or without GCSs. Subsequently, 12 athletes were divided into 2 equal groups matched by their VO2max, and they performed a time limit test (T(lim)) on a treadmill at 105% of a recent 10-km pace with or without GCSs for evaluation of physiological responses and running kinematics. There were no significant differences in the RE test in all of the variables analyzed for the conditions, but a moderate reproducibility for some physiological responses was detected in the condition with GCSs. In the T(lim), the group that wore GCSs reached a lower % of maximum heart rate (HRmax) compared with the control group (96.00 ± 2.94 vs. 99.83 ± 0.40) (p = 0.01). Kinematics did not differ between conditions during the T(lim) (p > 0.05). There were improvement trends for time to fatigue (337 vs. 387 seconds; d = 0.32) and a lower VO2peak (≈53 vs. 62 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1); d = 1.19) that were detected with GCSs during the T(lim). These results indicate that GCSs reduce the % of HRmax reached during a test at competition pace. The lower reproducibility of the condition with GCSs perhaps suggests that athletes may possibly need an accommodation period for systematically experiencing the benefits of this garment, but this hypothesis should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Varela-Sanz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fukuda T, Matsumoto A, Kurano M, Takano H, Iida H, Morita T, Yamashita H, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Nakajima T. Cardiac Output Response to Exercise in Chronic Cardiac Failure Patients. Int Heart J 2012; 53:293-8. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taira Fukuda
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Miwa Kurano
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Haruhito Takano
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Haruko Iida
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Toshihiro Morita
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasunobu Hirata
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Value of the Application of the Heart Rate Performance Curve in Sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5:437-47. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.5.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heart rate performance curve (HRPC) has been shown to be nonlinearly related to work load. This phenomenon has been used to determine a defection point and to be related to the lactate anaerobic threshold. The original method was heavily criticized, and the method was challenged by several authors. However, some authors also demonstrated a high value for this method’s application in various sports conditions. Unfortunately, the HRPC was shown to be not uniform and three different patterns were found. Basic investigations have shown a dependence of the HR-defection on beta1-receptor sensitivity, which gave a plausible explanation of the phenomenon. Important details regarding the testing protocol and the method of turn point determination are given in this review. As a conclusion, we may state that based on numerous studies the method is plausible and valid to determine aerobic exercise performance in various laboratory ergometer and specific sports-related field conditions. Standard protocol conditions adjusted to the exercise performance level of subjects and a computer-supported determination of turn points are necessary to obtain reliable results. Large-scale investigations to validate the heart rate turn point with maximal lactate steady state are still needed. However, from the available literature, the application of this noninvasive method can be recommended to determine aerobic exercise performance in various sports. This noninvasive test is easy to perform repeatedly, which gives interesting possibilities for the monitoring of training adaptation in the short term, such as altitude training or specifc taper forms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fukuda T, Maegawa T, Matsumoto A, Komatsu Y, Nakajima T, Nagai R, Kawahara T. Effects of Acute Hypoxia at Moderate Altitude on Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output During Exercise. Int Heart J 2010; 51:170-5. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.51.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taira Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Japan Women’s College of Physical Education
- Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Correlations between upper limb oxygen kinetics and performance in elite swimmers. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-008-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Carey DG, Pliego GJ, Raymond RL. A comparison of different heart rate deflection methods to predict the anaerobic threshold. Eur J Sport Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17461390802132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Casoni I, Uliari S, Collini G, Heide LVD, Conconi F. Identification of a Vo2 deflection point coinciding with the heart rate deflection point and ventilatory threshold in cycling. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22:1116-23. [PMID: 18545199 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318173936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to compare the patterns of the work rate (WR)-Vo2 and WR-heart rate (HR) relationships in incremental cycling, to ascertain the occurrence of a Vo2 deflection (Vo2def) coinciding with the HR deflection point (HRdef ), and to determine whether the Vo2def, if present, coincides with the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VT). Twenty-four professional cyclists performed a maximal incremental test on a wind-load cycle ergometer. Work rate, HR, Vo2, and Vco2 were recorded. The WR-Vo2 relationships obtained were linear up to submaximal WR and curvilinear thereafter and thus described a Vo2def. The WR and Vo2 at Vo2def were mathematically determined for all subjects. The ratio of DeltaWR.DeltaVo2 up to Vo2def was significantly lower than that above Vo2def (90 +/- 11 W.L.min versus 133 +/- 35 W.L.min, p < 0.0001). The WR-HR relationships obtained were linear up to submaximal WR and curvilinear thereafter. The WR and HR at HRdef were mathematically determined for all subjects. The WR values at Vo2def and at HRdef (329 +/- 32 W and 326 +/- 34 W) were significantly correlated (R = 0.96, p < 0.0001) and in good concordance (limits of agreement from -4.7% to 3.2%, Bland-Altman analysis). The Vo2 at VT was then determined for all subjects. The Vo2 values at Vo2def and at VT were significantly correlated (R = 0.99, p < 0.0001) and in strong concordance (limits of agreement from -1.9% to 1.0%, Bland-Altman analysis). In conclusion, a Vo2def coinciding with HRdef and VT was shown. This confirms that the determination of the WR-HR relationship and of HRdef is a practical and noninvasive means of identifying anaerobic threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Grazzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro Studi Biomedici Applicati allo Sport, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coyle EF, Trinity JD. The stroke volume response during or throughout 4-8 min of constant-power exercise that elicits VO2max. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:283; author reply 284-5. [PMID: 18271078 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01073.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Rebuttal from Drs. Warburton and Gledhill. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00595.2007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Martins JN, Bara Filho MG, Costa VP, Lima JRPD. Teste de Conconi adaptado para bicicleta aquática. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922007000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A prática regular de exercícios físicos tem sido considerada um dos mecanismos que auxiliam a melhoria de padrões da saúde e de qualidade de vida. Em conseqüência do crescimento da procura por academias de ginástica, as atividades físicas no meio líquido, com destaque para a bicicleta aquática, têm aumentado nos últimos anos. No entanto, há ainda carência de métodos para a avaliação e prescrição do treinamento aeróbio neste tipo de equipamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi propor uma adaptação do teste de Conconi et al. (1982) para bicicleta aquática. Foram testados 27 participantes (24 ± 6 anos, 171 ± 8cm, 66 ± 12kg) 15 do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino. Os participantes foram submetidos a um teste progressivo, realizado em bicicleta aquática, com carga inicial de 50RPM e incremento de 3RPM a cada minuto, até a exaustão. A FC foi registrada durante todo o teste. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e o teste "t" de Student (P < 0,05) para comparação entre os sexos. O ponto de deflexão da FC (PDFC) foi identificado em 85% dos sujeitos. Não houve diferença significativa na FCmáx (181 ± 12 e 181 ± 10BPM), PDFC (162 ± 10 e 172 ± 9BPM) e no %PDFCrpm (91 ± 4 e 90 ± 3%RPMmáx) entre os sexos masculino e feminino respectivamente. Por outro lado, RPMmáx (81 ± 6 e 72 ± 5RPM), %PDFC (90 ± 5 e 93 ± 3%FCmáx) e PDFCrpm (74 ± 6 e 66 ± 4RPM) foram significativamente diferentes. Assim, conclui-se que o teste de Conconi pode ser realizado em bicicleta aquática.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schang D, Feuilloy M, Plantier G, Fortrat JO, Nicolas P. Early prediction of unexplained syncope by support vector machines. Physiol Meas 2006; 28:185-97. [PMID: 17237590 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/2/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate a new method for the prediction of unexplained syncope occurrences. Diagnosis of syncope is currently based on the reproduction of symptoms in combination with hypotension and bradycardia induced by a 45 min 60-70 degrees head-upright tilt test (HUTT). The main drawback of this widely used test concerns its duration that reaches 55 min if the patient does not faint. Our method is a first step in the avoidance of the HUTT. An electrocardiogram and a transthoracic impedance waveform were recorded for 10 min of supine rest of a HUTT in 128 patients with a history of unexplained recurrent syncope. Seven indices were computed on the transthoracic impedance and its first derivative. The prediction quality of every subset of these variables, mixed with age and sex, has been tested by a support vector machine in a retrospective group of 64 patients (100% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity was reached). The best subset obtained has been evaluated prospectively in a group of 64 patients (94% of sensitivity and 79% of specificity was reached). These results compare very favorably with published results for other unexplained syncope detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schang
- ESEO, 4, Rue Merlet de la Boulaye, 49009 Angers Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|