1
|
Chen X, Wu S, Tang L, Ma L, Wang F, Feng H, Meng J, Han Z. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing heme oxygenase-1 ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7301-7319. [PMID: 30362554 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common and potentially lethal clinical syndromes characterized by acute respiratory failure resulting from excessive pulmonary inflammation, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. At present, there is no effective and specific therapy for ALI/ARDS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have well-known therapeutic potential in patients with ALI/ARDS. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme, possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Thus, a combination of MSC transplantation with HO-1 delivery may have an additional protective effect against ALI/ARDS. This study investigated the effect of HO-1-modified bone-marrow-derived MSCs (MSCs-HO-1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms. We established MSCs-HO-1 through lentiviral transduction. The ALI rat model was established by successive LPS inhalations following injection with MSCs-HO-1. The survival rate, histological changes in the lungs, total protein concentration and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung wet/dry weight ratio, cytokine levels in serum and lungs, nuclear transcription factor-κB activity, and protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling adaptors were examined. Furthermore, the cell viability, apoptosis, and paracrine activity of MSCs-HO-1 were examined under inflammatory stimuli in vitro. MSCs-HO-1 injection improved these parameters compared with primary unmodified MSCs. Moreover, MSCs-HO-1 had superior prosurvival and antiapoptotic properties and enhanced paracrine functions in vitro. Therefore, MSCs-HO-1 exert an enhanced protective effect to alleviate LPS-induced ALI in rats, and the mechanisms may be partially associated with superior prosurvival, antiapoptosis, and enhanced paracrine functions of MSCs-HO-1. These findings provide a novel insight into MSC-based therapeutic strategies for treating ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuxin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huasong Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiguang Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) surrounds and perfuses bodily tumorigenic tissues and cells, and can accumulate by-products of tumors and stromal cells in a relatively local space. Interstitial fluid offers several important advantages for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery, especially for cancer. Here, we describe the most currently accepted method for recovering TIF from tumor and nonmalignant tissues that was initially performed using breast cancer tissue. TIF recovery is achieved by passive extraction of fluid from small, surgically dissected tissue specimens in phosphate-buffered saline. We also present protocols for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of snap-frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor sections and for proteomic profiling of TIF and matched tumor samples by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) to enable comparative analysis of tumor secretome and paired tumor tissue.
Collapse
|
3
|
Papaleo E, Gromova I, Gromov P. Gaining insights into cancer biology through exploration of the cancer secretome using proteomic and bioinformatic tools. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1021-1035. [PMID: 28967788 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1387053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated proteins released by cancer cells and by tumor stroma cells, referred as 'cancer secretome', represent a valuable resource for discovery of potential cancer biomarkers. The last decade was marked by a great increase in number of studies focused on various aspects of cancer secretome including, composition and identification of components externalized by malignant cells and by the components of tumor microenvironment. Areas covered: Here, we provide an overview of achievements in the proteomic analysis of the cancer secretome, elicited through the tumor-associated interstitial fluid recovered from malignant tissues ex vivo or the protein component of conditioned media obtained from cultured cancer cells in vitro. We summarize various bioinformatic tools and approaches and critically appraise their outcomes, focusing on problems and challenges that arise when applied for the analysis of cancer secretomic databases. Expert commentary: Recent achievements in the omics- analysis of structural and metabolic aspects of altered cancer secretome contribute greatly to the various hallmarks of cancer including the identification of clinically significant biomarkers and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papaleo
- a Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- b Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Pavel Gromov
- b Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Composition and Function of the Interstitial Fluid. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
5
|
Li J, Huang S, Zhang J, Feng C, Gao D, Yao B, Wu X, Fu X. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory cytokine-induced impairment of AT-II cells through a keratinocyte growth factor-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3755-62. [PMID: 27035760 PMCID: PMC4838139 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelium restoration subsequent to injury is of concern in association with the outcomes of diverse inflammatory lung diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may promote epithelial repair subsequent to inflammatory injury, however the mechanism that mediates this effect remains unclear. The current study examined the role of MSCs in alveolar type II epithelial cell (AT-II cell) restoration subsequent to an inflammatory insult. AT-II cells were firstly exposed to inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, then were co-cultured with MSCs in Transwell for 72 h. Cell proliferation, expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and expression of the α1 subunit were evaluated respectively by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, western blotting and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to knockdown the main cytoprotective factors in the MSCs. Subsequent to an inflammatory insult, AT-II cells were observed to be impaired, exhibiting the characteristics of injured cell morphology, reduced cell proliferation and reduced expression of SP-A and the α1 subunit. Co-culture with MSCs significantly ameliorated these cell impairments, while these benefits were weakened by the application of KGF siRNA. Simultaneously, expression levels of phosphorylated (p-) protein kinase B (AKT) and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in AT-II cells were upregulated by MSCs, suggesting activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. These data demonstrate that administration of MSCs to the inflammation-insulted AT-II cells may ameliorate the impairments through a KGF-dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Sha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of People's Liberation Army, The First Affiliated Hospital, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Gao
- Department of Oncology, Dongtai People's Hospital, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of People's Liberation Army, The First Affiliated Hospital, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of People's Liberation Army, The First Affiliated Hospital, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gromov P, Gromova I, Olsen CJ, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Talman ML, Serizawa RR, Moreira JM. Tumor interstitial fluid — A treasure trove of cancer biomarkers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2259-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Oveland E, Karlsen TV, Haslene-Hox H, Semaeva E, Janaczyk B, Tenstad O, Wiig H. Proteomic Evaluation of Inflammatory Proteins in Rat Spleen Interstitial Fluid and Lymph during LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation Reveals Increased Levels of ADAMST1. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5338-49. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3005666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eystein Oveland
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine V. Karlsen
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Haslene-Hox
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvira Semaeva
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bartlomiej Janaczyk
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department
of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wiig H, Swartz MA. Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Formation and Transport: Physiological Regulation and Roles in Inflammation and Cancer. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1005-60. [PMID: 22811424 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interstitium describes the fluid, proteins, solutes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprise the cellular microenvironment in tissues. Its alterations are fundamental to changes in cell function in inflammation, pathogenesis, and cancer. Interstitial fluid (IF) is created by transcapillary filtration and cleared by lymphatic vessels. Herein we discuss the biophysical, biomechanical, and functional implications of IF in normal and pathological tissue states from both fluid balance and cell function perspectives. We also discuss analysis methods to access IF, which enables quantification of the cellular microenvironment; such methods have demonstrated, for example, that there can be dramatic gradients from tissue to plasma during inflammation and that tumor IF is hypoxic and acidic compared with subcutaneous IF and plasma. Accumulated recent data show that IF and its convection through the interstitium and delivery to the lymph nodes have many and diverse biological effects, including in ECM reorganization, cell migration, and capillary morphogenesis as well as in immunity and peripheral tolerance. This review integrates the biophysical, biomechanical, and biological aspects of interstitial and lymph fluid and its transport in tissue physiology, pathophysiology, and immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dendritic Cells Loaded with Tumor Antigens and a Dual Immunostimulatory and Anti-Interleukin 10-Specific Small Interference RNA Prime T Lymphocytes against Leukemic Cells. Transl Oncol 2011; 2:242-6. [PMID: 19956385 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines using dendritic cells (DCs) harboring leukemic antigens to stimulate T cells is a possible treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Limitations of breaking tolerance to leukemic cells and lack of specific activation of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity may explain the discouraging clinical results with this approach. To break self-tolerance against AML cells, we loaded DCs with AML antigens and a bifunctional small interference (si) RNA targeting interleukin (IL) 10 and simultaneously activating toll-like receptors (TLRs). In vitro, this active siRNA inhibited (P < .05) IL-10 production by silencing the IL-10 gene in DCs. The active siRNA stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, implying activation of TLRs. Vaccination in a nonimmunogenic rat model mimicking human AML with the loaded DCs induced a substantial and specific T-cell cytotoxicity. Leukemic rats treated with the active siRNA lived longer and had markedly less leukemic cell mass infiltrating their bone marrow compared with rats given inactive siRNA (P < .05). Furthermore, compared with inactive siRNA treatment, the active siRNA led to significantly less extramedullar leukemic dissemination, evidenced by reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity and smaller spleens. Our data demonstrate that this bifunctional siRNA may work as an immunomodulatory drug with antileukemic properties.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The potential role of extravascular factors for the local as well as systemic response to an inflammatory stimulus is addressed here in light of recent data from the trachea, serving as a surrogate for lower airways, and spleen, because of its role in the immune response and fluid volume regulation. From analysis of interstitial fluid from trachea it is apparent that the colloid osmotic pressure is high relative to plasma, suggesting a significant buffering capacity against oedema formation, and also that there is a significant local production of proinflammatory mediators to a systemic inflammatory stimulus. Inflammatory stimuli may furthermore result in a rapid reduction in interstitial fluid pressure, thus leading to increased filtration and oedema formation. Knowledge regarding the fluid phase within the spleen microenvironment can be gathered via analysis of drained lymph. During a septic response induced by lipopolysaccharide injection, the spleen contributes significantly to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and may induce protracted inflammation because of a dominant role in IL-6 production. Significant amounts of immune cells exit via lymph, and acquire specific activation signatures having been exposed to the spleen microenvironment. Although often overlooked, extravascular or interstitial factors may therefore contribute significantly to the inflammatory process and thus the ensuing oedema associated with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brekke HK, Oveland E, Kolmannskog O, Hammersborg SM, Wiig H, Husby P, Tenstad O, Nedrebø T. Isolation of interstitial fluid in skin during volume expansion: evaluation of a method in pigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1546-53. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01142.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to isolate interstitial fluid (IF) from skin would make it possible to study the microcirculation and proteins in this environment both during normal and pathophysiological conditions. Traditional IF sampling using implanted wicks suffer from low volumes with risk of contamination by local inflammatory, intracellular, and vascular proteins. To sample larger volumes of true IF, a recently described tissue centrifugation method was compared with dry and wet wicks from porcine skin under normal conditions and following volume expansion. With all three methods, volume expansion caused a significant lowering of interstitial colloid osmotic pressure as expected, and the fluid was similar to plasma when compared using size-exclusion HPLC. The centrifugation method was superior with respect to isolating larger amounts of true IF for further studies. Mass spectrometry of IF sampled with centrifugation showed that most of the proteins reflected the major plasma proteins with some tissue-specific proteins like decorin, gelsolin, and orosomucoid-1. Lumican, pigment epithelium-derived factor, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 were only identified in IF after volume expansion, possibly reflecting a local response to increased fluid filtration. Tissue centrifugation to collect IF from skin should be applicable to both clinical and experimental studies on IF balance during different pathophysiological conditions and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Brekke
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - S. M. Hammersborg
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen
| | - H. Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine and
| | - P. Husby
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - T. Nedrebø
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen
- Department of Biomedicine and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Semaeva E, Tenstad O, Skavland J, Enger M, Iversen PO, Gjertsen BT, Wiig H. Access to the spleen microenvironment through lymph shows local cytokine production, increased cell flux, and altered signaling of immune cells during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:4547-56. [PMID: 20237290 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is involved in fluid volume regulation, immune responses, and hematopoiesis. Yet, the composition of the fluid phase within the spleen microenviroment, the migratory routes of lymphocytes as well as the splenic response to bacterial endotoxin is incomplete. To address these issues, we isolated postnodal lymph in rats by cannulating an efferent lymphatic draining the spleen, and assessed the secretion of signaling substances during a septic response induced by LPS. Spleen lymph flow increased 8-fold after LPS exposure. The spleen exhibited a permeable microvasculature with low sieving of macromolecules that was absent after exposure to LPS. Furthermore, after LPS exposure the spleen contributed significantly to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and experiments in splenectomized rats suggested it may induce a protracted inflammation because of a dominant role in IL-6 production. A significant amount of lymphocytes exited via lymphatics draining the spleen in control rats. LPS-induced inflammation resulted in increased T cell and reduced B cell subset fractions, and gave a significant increase in CD4(+) and CD8(+) subset T cell efflux and a reduced B cell efflux in spleen lymph. Exposure of leukocytes to the spleen microenvironment affected their signaling status, and by phosphorylation specific flow cytometry we could identify STAT3 and CREB as important mediators in the cellular signaling occurring during endotoxemia. We conclude that analysis of spleen lymph may unravel immune cell migration patterns and local signaling, and immune cells exit via lymph having acquired specific activation signatures after exposure to the spleen microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Semaeva
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borge BAS, Kalland KH, Olsen S, Bletsa A, Berggreen E, Wiig H. Cytokines are produced locally by myocytes in rat skeletal muscle during endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H735-44. [PMID: 19151248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01309.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines act as chemical mediators during the inflammatory process. Measurements of cytokine levels in tissue have previously been performed in homogenized tissue, but the true concentrations in native interstitial fluid (ISF), i.e., the compartment where cytokines exert their biologically active role, have remained unknown. The role of skeletal muscle myocytes as a source for cytokines during endotoxemia was explored by collecting muscle ISF using a wick method, and the levels of 14 cytokines in ISF and plasma were related to the corresponding changes in mRNA levels to reveal any potential discrepancies between gene expression and protein release of cytokines to ISF. The majority of investigated cytokines were elevated in muscle ISF during endotoxemia, and an analysis of cytokine mRNA levels revealed consistency between gene expression and protein release. The elevated cytokine level in ISF, in addition to elevated gene expression in muscle, indicated a significant local production and release of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines within skeletal muscle tissue during endotoxemia. Immunohistochemistry revealed that myocytes constituted a significant source of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production during endotoxemia, whereas the contribution from inflammatory cells i.e., leukocytes, was found to be less significant. Muscle cells apparently constitute an important source of several different cytokines during endotoxemia, governing the level in the muscle microenvironment, and are likely to contribute significantly to cytokine levels in plasma.
Collapse
|