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Gungor-Orhan I, Akin S, Powers SK, Olgaz-Bingol S, Demirel HA. Sedentary lifestyle induces oxidative stress and atrophy in rat skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2025. [PMID: 39887581 DOI: 10.1113/ep092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Abundant evidence indicates that skeletal muscle plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is essential to good health. While prolonged muscle inactivity is known to cause oxidative stress and muscle loss, it remains unclear whether a shift from an active to a sedentary lifestyle induces similar effects. This study tested the hypothesis that transitioning to a sedentary lifestyle rapidly leads to oxidative stress and muscle loss in the load-bearing soleus muscle. Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (CON; n = 8) and sedentary (SED; n = 8) groups. During a 7-day experimental period, CON rats were housed in standard cages allowing free movement, while SED rats were confined to smaller cages promoting sedentary behaviour. Soleus muscles were analysed for antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)), as well as two oxidative stress biomarkers (advanced protein oxidation products (AOPPs) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)). Sedentary behaviour caused a 17.2% reduction in the soleus-to-body weight ratio (P < 0.001). Moreover, the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX were significantly lower in the soleus muscle of SED animals (P < 0.05), while AOPPs and 4-HNE levels were higher (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) compared to CON animals. These findings provide the first evidence that transitioning from an active to a sedentary lifestyle leads to the rapid onset of oxidative stress and atrophy in the soleus muscle. Importantly, the results suggest that impaired antioxidant defences contribute to sedentary behaviour-induced oxidative stress in load-bearing muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Gungor-Orhan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Exercise and Sport Physiology Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Exercise and Sport Physiology Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seda Olgaz-Bingol
- Turkish Doping Control Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Elsangeedy E, Yamaleyeva DN, Edenhoffer NP, Deak A, Soloshenko A, Ray J, Sun X, Shaltout OH, Cruz-Diaz N, Westwood B, Kim-Shapiro D, Diz DI, Soker S, Pulgar VM, Ronca A, Willey JS, Yamaleyeva LM. Sex-specific cardiovascular adaptations to simulated microgravity in Sprague-Dawley rats. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:110. [PMID: 39702444 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Men and women have different cardiovascular responses to spaceflight; however, few studies have focused on direct comparisons between sexes. We investigated the mechanisms of aortic stiffening in socially and sexually mature 20-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats exposed to hindlimb unloading (HLU) for 14 days. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was greater in the aortic arch of females after HLU versus control females (n = 6-8). HLU had no effect on aortic PWV in males (n = 5-6). Aortic α smooth muscle actin, myosin, collagen, elastin, and collagen-to-elastin ratio were not different in rats of either sex following HLU. The levels of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) were lower in the aorta of SD females exposed to HLU compared with female controls but were not altered in males. HLU females also had lower aortic PPARγ, increased oxidative stress markers, and diastolic dysfunction compared with control females. GPER agonist G1 prevented the increase in PWV and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine without altering PPARγ or p47phox in HLU females (n = 4 in each group) suggesting that lower GPER may contribute to arterial stiffening in the setting of simulated microgravity. This study highlights sex-specific vascular adaptations to the state of simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Elsangeedy
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dina N Yamaleyeva
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas P Edenhoffer
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allyson Deak
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anna Soloshenko
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Ray
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xuming Sun
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Omar H Shaltout
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nildris Cruz-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Debra I Diz
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Victor M Pulgar
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - April Ronca
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liliya M Yamaleyeva
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Tsumori T, Fujino H. Prazosin improves insulin-induced anabolic signaling by protecting capillary regression in the soleus muscle of hindlimb-unloaded rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1989-1999. [PMID: 39610479 PMCID: PMC11599836 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Reduced capillary number in skeletal muscle due to disuse can hinder the delivery of insulin and amino acid delivery to muscle cells, diminishing insulin activity and muscle protein synthesis, ultimately contributing to anabolic resistance. However, it remains unknown whether mitigating capillary regression during inactivity improves anabolic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing capillary number through the administration of prazosin, which can increase blood flow and prevent capillary regression, on anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle induced by disuse. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and hindlimb unloading (HU) groups, with half of each group receiving prazosin (50 mg/L) in their drinking water for 2 weeks. Histological analysis of the soleus muscles was conducted to measure the capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratio, while western blotting was performed to measure the activation of the Akt/mTORC1 muscle protein synthesis pathway before and after insulin stimulation. Results The C/F ratios were significantly lower in the HU and HU + Prz groups than in the control group but were significantly higher in the HU + Prz group than in the HU group. Following insulin stimulation, the phosphorylation levels of Akt, p70S6K, and S6RP increased in all groups, with a significantly greater increase observed in the HU + Prz group compared to the HU group, indicating improved molecular signaling related to muscle protein synthesis. Conclusion Administration of prazosin during hindlimb unloading mitigated capillary regression and enhanced insulin-stimulated muscle protein synthesis response. These findings suggest that enhancing capillary number may reduce the anabolic resistance caused by muscle disuse. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01454-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0913 Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, 723-0053 Japan
| | - Toshiko Tsumori
- Department of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, 723-0053 Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, 654-0142 Hyogo Japan
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Siripoksup P, Cao G, Cluntun AA, Maschek JA, Pearce Q, Brothwell MJ, Jeong MY, Eshima H, Ferrara PJ, Opurum PC, Mahmassani ZS, Peterlin AD, Watanabe S, Walsh MA, Taylor EB, Cox JE, Drummond MJ, Rutter J, Funai K. Sedentary behavior in mice induces metabolic inflexibility by suppressing skeletal muscle pyruvate metabolism. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e167371. [PMID: 38652544 PMCID: PMC11142742 DOI: 10.1172/jci167371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates and lipids provide the majority of substrates to fuel mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic inflexibility, defined as an impaired ability to switch between these fuels, is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases. Here, we explore the mechanism by which physical inactivity promotes metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. We developed a mouse model of sedentariness, small mouse cage (SMC), that, unlike other classic models of disuse in mice, faithfully recapitulated metabolic responses that occur in humans. Bioenergetic phenotyping of skeletal muscle mitochondria displayed metabolic inflexibility induced by physical inactivity, demonstrated by a reduction in pyruvate-stimulated respiration (JO2) in the absence of a change in palmitate-stimulated JO2. Pyruvate resistance in these mitochondria was likely driven by a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) abundance in the mitochondrial membrane. Reduction in mitochondrial PE by heterozygous deletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) was sufficient to induce metabolic inflexibility measured at the whole-body level, as well as at the level of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Low mitochondrial PE in C2C12 myotubes was sufficient to increase glucose flux toward lactate. We further implicate that resistance to pyruvate metabolism is due to attenuated mitochondrial entry via mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). These findings suggest a mechanism by which mitochondrial PE directly regulates MPC activity to modulate metabolic flexibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyarat Siripoksup
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
| | - Guoshen Cao
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry
| | | | - J. Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | | | - Marisa J. Brothwell
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick J. Ferrara
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Precious C. Opurum
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Ziad S. Mahmassani
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alek D. Peterlin
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Maureen A. Walsh
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
- Department of Biochemistry
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Basten AM, Raymond-Pope CJ, Hoffman DB, Call JA, Greising SM. Early initiation of electrical stimulation paired with range of motion after a volumetric muscle loss injury does not benefit muscle function. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:76-89. [PMID: 36116106 PMCID: PMC9805496 DOI: 10.1113/ep090630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? First, how does physical rehabilitation influence recovery from traumatic muscle injury? Second, how does physical activity impact the rehabilitation response for skeletal muscle function and whole-body metabolism? What is the main finding and its importance? The most salient findings were that rehabilitation impaired muscle function and range of motion, while restricting activity mitigated some negative effects but also impacted whole-body metabolism. These data suggest that first, work must continue to explore treatment parameters, including modality, time, type, duration and intensity, to find the best rehabilitation approaches for volumetric muscle loss injuries; and second, restricting activity acutely might enhance rehabilitation response, but whole-body co-morbidities should continue to be considered. ABSTRACT Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury occurs when a substantial volume of muscle is lost by surgical removal or trauma, resulting in an irrecoverable deficit in muscle function. Recently, it was suggested that VML impacts whole-body and muscle-specific metabolism, which might contribute to the inability of the muscle to respond to treatments such as physical rehabilitation. The aim of this work was to understand the complex relationship between physical activity and the response to rehabilitation after VML in an animal model, evaluating the rehabilitation response by measurement of muscle function and whole-body metabolism. Adult male mice (n = 24) underwent a multi-muscle, full-thickness VML injury to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles and were randomized into one of three groups: (1) untreated; (2) rehabilitation (i.e., combined electrical stimulation and range of motion, twice per week, beginning 72 h post-injury, for ∼8 weeks); or (3) rehabilitation and restriction of physical activity. There was a lack of positive adaption associated with electrical stimulation and range of motion intervention alone; however, maximal isometric torque of the posterior muscle group was greater in mice receiving treatment with activity restriction (P = 0.008). Physical activity and whole-body metabolism were measured ∼6 weeks post-injury; metabolic rate decreased (P = 0.001) and respiratory exchange ratio increased (P = 0.022) with activity restriction. Therefore, restricting physical activity might enhance an intervention delivered to the injured muscle group but impair whole-body metabolism. It is possible that restricting activity is important initially post-injury to protect the muscle from excess demand. A gradual increase in activity throughout the course of treatment might optimize muscle function and whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M. Basten
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Daniel B. Hoffman
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sarah M. Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA,Corresponding Author: Sarah M. Greising, Ph.D., 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis MN, 55455, , Phone: 612-626-7890, Fax: 612-626-7700
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Handy RM, Holloway GP. Insights into the development of insulin resistance: Unraveling the interaction of physical inactivity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1151389. [PMID: 37153211 PMCID: PMC10157178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1151389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While impairments in peripheral tissue insulin signalling have a well-characterized role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the specific mechanisms that contribute to these impairments remain debatable. Nonetheless, a prominent hypothesis implicates the presence of a high-lipid environment, resulting in both reactive lipid accumulation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the induction of peripheral tissue insulin resistance. While the etiology of insulin resistance in a high lipid environment is rapid and well documented, physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance in the absence of redox stress/lipid-mediated mechanisms, suggesting alternative mechanisms-of-action. One possible mechanism is a reduction in protein synthesis and the resultant decrease in key metabolic proteins, including canonical insulin signaling and mitochondrial proteins. While reductions in mitochondrial content associated with physical inactivity are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, this could predispose individuals to the detrimental effects of a high-lipid environment. Conversely, exercise-training induced mitochondrial biogenesis has been implicated in the protective effects of exercise. Given mitochondrial biology may represent a point of convergence linking impaired insulin sensitivity in both scenarios of chronic overfeeding and physical inactivity, this review aims to describe the interaction between mitochondrial biology, physical (in)activity and lipid metabolism within the context of insulin signalling.
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Chen F, Ge L, Jiang X, Lai Y, Huang P, Hua J, Lin Y, Lin Y, Jiang X. Construction of the experimental rat model of gestational diabetes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273703. [PMID: 36107823 PMCID: PMC9477341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous methods for modeling gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in rats exist. However, their repeatability and stability are unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet, HFHS diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) administration, and HFHS diet combined with movement restriction (MR) modeling methods on rat models to confirm the best method for constructing a rat model of GDM. Method Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): the normal control (NC), HFHS, HFHS+STZ, and HFHS+MR groups. The rats in the NC group were fed with a standard diet, and those in the remaining groups were fed with a HFHS diet. The rats in the HFHS+STZ group received 25 mg/kg STZ on their first day of pregnancy, and those in the HFHS+MR group were subjected to MR during pregnancy. Bodyweight, food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, pancreatic and placental morphology, and the expression levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in placentas were then quantified. Moreover, iTRAQ was used to identify placental proteomics. Results During pregnancy, the rats in the HFHS+STZ group showed FBG levels that were kept stable in a state of moderate hyperglycemia; the typical GDM symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and increased body weight; and the modeling rate of 87.5%. On the first and 19th days of pregnancy, the rats in the HFHS group showed higher FBG than that of the NC group, increasing body weight and food intake and the modeling rate of 50%. On the 19th day of pregnancy, the FBG of the rats in the HFHS+MR group was higher than that of the rats in the NC group, and the modeling rate of 42.9%. Comparison with the NC group revealed that the three modeling groups exhibited increased FINS and HOMA-IR, decreased HOMA-IS, and different degrees of pathological changes in pancreases and placentas. Among the groups, the HFHS+STZ group displayed the greatest changes with significant reductions in the numbers of pancreatic and placental cells and appeared cavitation. The expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the placentas of the HFHS+STZ and HFHS+MR groups were higher than those in the placentas of the NC and HFHS groups. The above results indicated that the rats in the HFHS+STZ group showed the best performance in terms of modeling indicators. After the changes in placental proteomics in the HFHS+STZ group were compared with those in the NC group, we found that in the HFHS+STZ group, five proteins were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated; these proteins were enriched in estrogen signaling pathways. Conclusion HFHS combined with the intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg STZ was the best modeling method for the nonspontaneous model of experimentally induced GDM, and its modeling rate was high. The pathological characteristics of the constructed GDM rat model were similar to those of human patients with GDM. Moreover, the model was stable and reliable. The modeling method can provide a basis for constructing a GDM rat model for subsequent research on the prevention and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ge
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xinyong Jiang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lai
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingping Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Hua
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Physical inactivity – The human health’s greatest enemy. Zdr Varst 2021; 61:1-5. [PMID: 35111260 PMCID: PMC8776290 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research has been highlighting the positive impact of physical activity on health. Despite the immense efforts made by many professional and scientific organizations to raise individual and societal awareness about the role of a sufficient quantity and intensity of physical activity in everyday life and to increase the level of adherence, the situation is still very worrying. Even more worrying is the fact that increasingly prolonged periods of physical inactivity are insidiously and aggressively taking over modern people’s lives – at school, at work, at home, even at leisure. It is probably incomprehensible and difficult for many to accept, but physical inactivity is becoming the first and worst enemy of health in today’s society.
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Dalske KA, Raymond-Pope CJ, McFaline-Figueroa J, Basten AM, Call JA, Greising SM. Independent of physical activity, volumetric muscle loss injury in a murine model impairs whole-body metabolism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253629. [PMID: 34170933 PMCID: PMC8232406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result in a non-recoverable loss of muscle tissue and function due to trauma or surgery. Reductions in physical activity increase the risk of metabolic comorbidities over time, and it is likely that VML may reduce whole-body activity. However, these aspects remain uncharacterized following injury. Our goal was to characterize the impact of VML on whole-body physical activity and metabolism, and to further investigate possible muscle-specific metabolic changes. Adult male C57Bl/6J (n = 28) mice underwent a standardized VML injury to the posterior compartment of the hind limb, or served as injury naïve controls. Mice underwent longitudinal evaluation of whole-body physical activity and metabolism in specialized cages up to three times over the course of 8 weeks. At terminal time points of 4- and 8-weeks post-VML in vivo muscle function of the posterior compartment was evaluated. Additionally, the gastrocnemius muscle was collected to understand histological and biochemical changes in the muscle remaining after VML. The VML injury did not alter the physical activity of mice. However, there was a noted reduction in whole-body metabolism and diurnal fluctuations between lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were also reduced, largely driven by lower carbohydrate utilization during active hours. Following VML, muscle-specific changes indicate a decreased proportion of fast (i.e., type IIb and IIx) and a greater proportion of slow (i.e., type I and IIa) fibers. However, there were minimal changes in the capillarity and metabolic biochemical activity properties of the gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting a miss-match in capacity to support the physiologic needs of the fibers. These novel findings indicate that following VML, independent of changes in physical activity, there is whole-body diurnal metabolic inflexibility. Supporting future investigations into the chronic and overlooked co-morbidities of VML injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Dalske
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Alec M. Basten
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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10
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Memme JM, Slavin M, Moradi N, Hood DA. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Turnover during Chronic Muscle Disuse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105179. [PMID: 34068411 PMCID: PMC8153634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periods of muscle disuse promote marked mitochondrial alterations that contribute to the impaired metabolic health and degree of atrophy in the muscle. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of muscle mitochondrial decline with prolonged inactivity is of considerable interest. There are translational applications to patients subjected to limb immobilization following injury, illness-induced bed rest, neuropathies, and even microgravity. Studies in these patients, as well as on various pre-clinical rodent models have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission and fusion, and the corresponding mitochondrial derangements that underlie the muscle atrophy that ensues from inactivity. Defective organelles display altered respiratory function concurrent with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which exacerbate myofiber atrophy via degradative pathways. The preservation of muscle quality and function is critical for maintaining mobility throughout the lifespan, and for the prevention of inactivity-related diseases. Exercise training is effective in preserving muscle mass by promoting favourable mitochondrial adaptations that offset the mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to the declines in muscle and whole-body metabolic health. This highlights the need for further investigation of the mechanisms in which mitochondria contribute to disuse-induced atrophy, as well as the specific molecular targets that can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David A. Hood
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-736-2100 (ext. 66640)
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