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Reminy K, Ngo Sock ET, Romana M, Connes P, Ravion S, Henri S, Hue O, Hardy-Dessources MD, Antoine-Jonville S. Strenuous exercise in warm environment is associated with improved microvascular function in sickle cell trait. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:185-197. [PMID: 34633508 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickle cell trait is characterized by the presence of both normal and abnormal haemoglobin in red blood cells. The rate of exertional collapse is increased in athletes and military recruits who carry the trait, particularly in stressful environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate microvascular function and its determinants in response to intense exercise at control and warm environmental temperatures in carriers (AS) and non-carriers (AA) of sickle cell trait. METHODS Nine AS and 11 AA, all healthy physically active young men, randomly participated in four experimental sessions (rest at 21 °C and 31 °C and cycling at 21 °C and 31 °C). All participants performed three exercises bouts as follows: 18-min submaximal exercise; an incremental test to exhaustion; and three 30-s sprints spaced with 20-s resting intervals. RESULTS Skin Blood Flow (SkBF) was similar at rest between AA and AS. SkBF for all participants was higher at 31 °C than 21 °C. It was significantly higher in the AS group compared to the AA group immediately after exercise, regardless of the environmental conditions. No significant differences in hemorheological parameters, muscle damage or cardiac injury biomarkers were observed between the two groups. Our data also suggest higher oxidative stress for the AS group, with high superoxide dismutase (P = 0.044 main group effect). CONCLUSION A specific profile is identified in the AS population, with increased microvascular reactivity after maximal exercise in stressful environment and slight pro-/antioxidant imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Reminy
- Adaptation To Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - E T Ngo Sock
- Adaptation To Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - M Romana
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - P Connes
- (LIBM) EA7424, Biology and Red Blood Cell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - S Ravion
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - S Henri
- Adaptation To Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - O Hue
- Adaptation To Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - M D Hardy-Dessources
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - S Antoine-Jonville
- Adaptation To Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. .,LAPEC EA4278, Avignon University, 84000, Avignon, France.
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Krasulina KA, Glazkova PA, Glazkov AA, Kulikov DA, Rogatkin DA, Kovaleva YA, Bardeeva JN, Dreval AV. Reduced microvascular reactivity in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:335-346. [PMID: 34057140 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic regulation is involved in the development of microcirculation response to local heating. We suggest that microvascular reactivity can be used to estimate the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospects for using the parameters of skin microvascular reactivity to determine the severity of DPN. METHODS 26 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in the study (patients with retinopathy (n = 15), and without retinopathy (n = 11)). The severity of DPN was assessed using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and Norfolk QOL-DN (NQOLDN). Skin microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry with local heating test. RESULTS There were revealed moderate negative correlations between microvascular reactivity and the severity of DPN (for MNSI (Rs = -0.430), for NQOLDN (Rs = -0.396)). In patients with retinopathy, correlations were stronger than in the general group (for MNSI (Rs = -0.770) and NQOLDN (Rs = -0.636)). No such correlations were found in patients without retinopathy. CONCLUSION Correlation of the microvascular reactivity and DPN was revealed in patients with registered structural disorders in microvessels (retinopathy). The lack of such correlation in patients without retinopathy may be explained by the intact compensatory mechanisms of microvessels without severe disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Krasulina
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P A Glazkova
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Glazkov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Kulikov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.,Federal Scientific State Budgetary Institution "N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Rogatkin
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Y A Kovaleva
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - J N Bardeeva
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A V Dreval
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Pizzey FK, Smith EC, Ruediger SL, Keating SE, Askew CD, Coombes JS, Bailey TG. The effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and peripheral vascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1317-1334. [PMID: 33866630 DOI: 10.1113/ep089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current evidence for the effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and vascular function. What advances does it highlight? We found that heat therapy reduced mean arterial, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We also observed that heat therapy improved vascular function, as assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation. Our results suggest that heat therapy is a promising therapeutic tool that should be optimized further, via mode and dose, for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors. ABSTRACT Lifelong sauna exposure is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Recent studies have investigated the effect of heat therapy on markers of cardiovascular health. We aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of heat therapy on blood pressure and indices of vascular function in healthy and clinical populations. Four databases were searched up to September 2020 for studies investigating heat therapy on outcomes including blood pressure and vascular function. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. A total of 4522 titles were screened, and 15 studies were included. Healthy and clinical populations were included. Heat exposure was for 30-90 min, over 10-36 sessions. Compared with control conditions, heat therapy reduced mean arterial pressure [n = 4 studies; mean difference (MD): -5.86 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.63, -3.10; P < 0.0001], systolic blood pressure (n = 10; MD: -3.94 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.22, -0.67; P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (n = 9; MD: -3.88 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.13, -1.63; P = 0.0007) and improved flow-mediated dilatation (n = 5; MD: 1.95%, 95% CI: 0.14, 3.76; P = 0.03). Resting heart rate was unchanged (n = 10; MD: -1.25 beats/min; 95% CI: -3.20, 0.70; P = 0.21). Early evidence also suggests benefits for arterial stiffness and cutaneous microvascular function. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the effect of heat therapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate and low for the effect of heat therapy on mean arterial pressure and flow-mediated dilatation. Heat therapy is an effective therapeutic tool to reduce blood pressure and improve macrovascular function. Future research should aim to optimize heat therapy, including the mode and dose, for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith K Pizzey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily C Smith
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefanie L Ruediger
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
In addition to its role as an environmental stressor, scientists have recently demonstrated the potential for heat to be a therapy for improving or mitigating declines in arterial health. Many studies at both ends of the scientific controls spectrum (tightly controlled, experimental vs. practical) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of heating on microvascular function (e.g., reactive hyperemia, cutaneous vascular conductance); endothelial function (e.g., flow-mediated dilation); and arterial stiffness (e.g., pulse-wave velocity, compliance, β-stiffness index). It is important to note that findings of beneficial effects are not unanimous, likely owing to the varied methodology in both heating protocols and assessments of outcome measures. Mechanisms of action for the effects of both acute and chronic heating are also understudied. Heat science is a very promising area of human physiology research, as it has the potential to contribute to approaches addressing the global cardiovascular disease burden, particularly in aging and at risk populations, and those for whom exercise is not feasible or recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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Heinonen I, Laukkanen JA. Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R629-R638. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00115.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and microvascular function, reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and possibly increased angiogenesis in humans, which are likely to mediate the health benefits of sauna bathing. In addition to heat exposure with physiological adaptations, cold stress-induced physiological responses and brown fat activation on health are also discussed. This is important to take into consideration, as sauna bathing is frequently associated with cooling periods in cold(er) environments, but their combination remains poorly investigated. We finally propose, therefore, that possible additive effects of heat- and cold-stress-induced adaptations and effects on health would be worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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