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Chotimol P, Lansdowne W, Machin D, Binas K, Angelini GD, Gibbison B. Hypobaric type oxygenators - physics and physiology. Perfusion 2024:2676591241232824. [PMID: 38323543 DOI: 10.1177/02676591241232824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Brain injury is still a serious complication after cardiac surgery. Gaseous microemboli (GME) are known to contribute to both short and longer-term brain injury after cardiac surgery. Hypobaric and novel dual-chamber oxygenators use the physical behaviors and properties of gases to reduce GME. The aim of this review was to present the basic physics of the gases, the mechanism in which the hypobaric and dual-chamber oxygenators reduce GME, their technical performance, the preclinical studies, and future directions. The gas laws are reviewed as an aid to understanding the mechanisms of action of oxygenators. Hypobaric-type oxygenators employ a high oxygen, no nitrogen environment creating a steep concentration gradient of nitrogen out of the blood and into the oxygenator, reducing the risk of GMEs forming. Adequately powered clinical studies have never been carried out with a hypobaric or dual-chamber oxygenator. These are required before such technology can be recommended for widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatiwat Chotimol
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - William Lansdowne
- Department of Anaesthesia,Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - David Machin
- Department of Anaesthesia,Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Kressle Binas
- Department of Anaesthesia,Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia,Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Ben Gibbison
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia,Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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2
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Duru Ç, Biniazan F, Hadzimustafic N, D'Elia A, Shamoun V, Haykal S. Review of machine perfusion studies in vascularized composite allotransplant preservation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1323387. [PMID: 38993931 PMCID: PMC11235328 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1323387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The applications of Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) are increasing since the first successful hand transplantation in 1998. However, the abundance of muscle tissue makes VCA's vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which has detrimental effects on the outcome of the procedure, restricting allowable donor-to-recipient time and limiting its widespread use. The current clinical method is Static cold storage (SCS) and this allows only 6 h before irreversible damage occurs upon reperfusion. In order to overcome this obstacle, the focus of research has been shifted towards the prospect of ex-vivo perfusion preservation which already has an established clinical role in solid organ transplants especially in the last decade. In this comprehensive qualitative review, we compile the literature on all VCA machine perfusion models and we aim to highlight the essentials of an ex vivo perfusion set-up, the different strategies, and their associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağdaş Duru
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Hadzimustafic
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D'Elia
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Shamoun
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Wagner PD. Blood Gas Transport: Carriage of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:569-583. [PMID: 37567251 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The ways in which oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are carried in the blood are well known and well understood, with a plethora of textbooks, both general and lung specific, all presenting the topic in a very similar manner. This first of two companion chapters similarly summarizes this information. First, carriage of gases by physical solution is described, followed by discussion of O2, carbon monoxide, and CO2 transport in that order. However, what available texts have not emphasized is why knowing how gases are carried in blood matters, and the second, companion, chapter specifically addresses that critical aspect of gas exchange physiology. In fact, each of the chapters in this volume describes physiological behavior that depends more or less directly on the dissociation curves of O2 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Singlet Oxygen In Vivo: It Is All about Intensity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060891. [PMID: 35743675 PMCID: PMC9224567 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented work addresses the influence of illumination intensity on the amount and locations of singlet oxygen generation in tumor tissue. We used time-resolved optical detection at the typical emission wavelength around 1270 nm and at 1200 nm where there is no singlet oxygen phosphorescence to determine the phosphorescence kinetics. The discussed data comprise in vivo measurements in tumor-laden HET-CAM and mice. The results show that illumination that is too intense is a major issue, affecting many PDT treatments and all singlet oxygen measurements in vivo so far. In such cases, photosensitization and oxygen consumption exceed oxygen supply, limiting singlet oxygen generation to the blood vessels and walls, while photosensitizers in the surrounding tissue will likely not participate. Being a limitation for the treatment, on one hand, on the other, this finding offers a new method for tumor diagnosis when using photosensitizers exploiting the EPR effect. In contrast to high-intensity PDT, some papers reported successful treatment with nanoparticular drugs using much lower illumination intensity. The question of whether, with such illumination, singlet oxygen is indeed generated in areas apart from vessels and walls, is addressed by numerical analysis. In addition, we discuss how to perform measurements at such low intensities.
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5
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Klein SG, Steckbauer A, Alsolami SM, Arossa S, Parry AJ, Li M, Duarte CM. Toward Best Practices for Controlling Mammalian Cell Culture Environments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:788808. [PMID: 35265608 PMCID: PMC8900666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.788808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization, control, and reporting of environmental conditions in mammalian cell cultures is fundamental to ensure physiological relevance and reproducibility in basic and preclinical biomedical research. The potential issue of environment instability in routine cell cultures in affecting biomedical experiments was identified many decades ago. Despite existing evidence showing variable environmental conditions can affect a suite of cellular responses and key experimental readouts, the underreporting of critical parameters affecting cell culture environments in published experiments remains a serious problem. Here, we outline the main sources of potential problems, improved guidelines for reporting, and deliver recommendations to facilitate improved culture-system based research. Addressing the lack of attention paid to culture environments is critical to improve the reproducibility and translation of preclinical research, but constitutes only an initial step towards enhancing the relevance of in vitro cell cultures towards in vivo physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Klein
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra Steckbauer
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samhan M Alsolami
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvia Arossa
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anieka J Parry
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1317-1365. [PMID: 35217911 PMCID: PMC9132876 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof’s theory of the energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition wherein coupling of respiration to metabolism is most perfect. The quantitative relationships show that the homeostatic equilibrium, centred around arterial pH of 7.4 and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure of 40 mmHg, is attained when the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide flow (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙A/V˙RCO2) is − 21.6. Several combinations, exploited during exercise, of pertinent respiratory variables are compatible with this equilibrium, allowing adjustment of oxygen flow to oxygen demand without its alteration. During exercise transients, the balance is broken, but the coupling of respiration to metabolism is preserved when, as during moderate exercise, the respiratory system responds faster than the metabolic pathways. At higher exercise intensities, early blood lactate accumulation suggests that the coupling of respiration to metabolism is transiently broken, to be re-established when, at steady state, blood lactate stabilizes at higher levels than resting. In the severe exercise domain, coupling cannot be re-established, so that anaerobic lactic metabolism also contributes to sustain energy demand, lactate concentration goes up and arterial pH falls continuously. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙A/V˙RCO2 decreases below − 21.6, because of ensuing hyperventilation, while lactate keeps being accumulated, so that exercise is rapidly interrupted. The most extreme rupture of the homeostatic equilibrium occurs during breath-holding, because oxygen flow from ambient air to mitochondria is interrupted. No coupling at all is possible between respiration and metabolism in this case.
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van Suylen V, Vandendriessche K, Neyrinck A, Nijhuis F, van der Plaats A, Verbeken EK, Vermeersch P, Meyns B, Mariani MA, Rega F, Erasmus ME. Oxygenated machine perfusion at room temperature as an alternative for static cold storage in porcine donor hearts. Artif Organs 2021; 46:246-258. [PMID: 34633676 PMCID: PMC9298357 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a continued interest in ex situ heart perfusion as an alternative strategy for donor heart preservation. We hypothesize that oxygenated machine perfusion of donor hearts at a temperature that avoids both normothermia and deep hypothermia offers adequate and safe preservation. Methods Cardioplegia‐arrested porcine donor hearts were randomly assigned to six hours of preservation using cold storage (CS, n = 5) or machine perfusion using an oxygenated acellular perfusate at 21°C (MP, n = 5). Subsequently, all grafts were evaluated using the Langendorff method for 120 min. Metabolic parameters and histology were analyzed. Systolic function was assessed by contractility and elastance. Diastolic function was assessed by lusitropy and stiffness. Results For both groups, in vivo baseline and post‐Langendorff biopsies were comparable, as were lactate difference and myocardial oxygen consumption. Injury markers gradually increased and were comparable. Significant weight gain was seen in MP (p = 0.008). Diastolic function was not impaired in MP, and lusitropy was superior from 30 min up to 90 min of reperfusion. Contractility was superior in MP during the first hour of evaluation. Conclusion We conclude that the initial functional outcome of MP‐preserved hearts was transiently superior compared to CS, with no histological injury post‐Langendorff. Our machine perfusion strategy could offer feasible and safe storage of hearts prior to transplantation. Future studies are warranted for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van Suylen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arne Neyrinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Thoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Erik K Verbeken
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Meyns
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo A Mariani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Filip Rega
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel E Erasmus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Kamat I, Cohn WE. Pericardial Access Through the Right Atrium in a Porcine Model. Tex Heart Inst J 2021; 48:464399. [PMID: 33915571 DOI: 10.14503/thij-20-7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As procedures such as epicardial ventricular ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion become more commonplace, the need grows for safer techniques to access the physiologic pericardial space. Because this space contains minimal fluid for lubrication, prevailing methods of pericardial access pose considerable periprocedural risk to cardiac structures. Therefore, we devised a novel method of pericardial access in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is insufflated through a right atrial puncture under fluoroscopic guidance, enabling clear visualization of the cardiac silhouette separating from the chest wall. We performed the procedure in 8 Landrace pigs, after which transthoracic percutaneous pericardial access was obtained by conventional means. All of the animals remained hemodynamically stable during the procedure, and none showed evidence of epicardial or coronary injury. The protective layer of CO2 in the pericardial space anterior to the heart facilitated percutaneous access in our porcine model, and the absence of complications supports the potential safety of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Kamat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William E Cohn
- Center for Preclinical Surgical and Interventional Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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9
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Nelson JAD, Barnett RJ, Hunt JP, Foutz I, Welton M, Bundy BC. Hydrofoam and oxygen headspace bioreactors improve cell-free therapeutic protein production yields through enhanced oxygen transport. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3079. [PMID: 32920987 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are powerful tools in the fight against diabetes, cancers, growth disorders, and many other debilitating diseases. However, availability is limited due to cost and complications of production from living organisms. To make life-saving protein therapeutics more available to the world, the possibility of magistral or point-of-care protein therapeutic production has gained focus. The recent invention and optimization of lyophilized "cell-free" protein synthesis reagents and its demonstrated ability to produce highly active versions of FDA-approved cancer therapeutics have increased its potential for low-cost, single-batch, magistral medicine. Here we present for the first time the concept of increased oxygen mass transfer in small-batch, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions through air-water foams. These "hydrofoam" reactions increased CFPS yields by up to 100%. Contrary to traditional protein synthesis using living organisms, where foam bubbles cause cell-lysis and production losses, hydrofoam CFPS reactions are "cell-free" and better tolerate foaming. Simulation and experimental results suggest that oxygen transfer is limiting in even small volume batch CFPS reactors and that the hydrofoam format improved oxygen transfer. This is further supported by CFPS reactions achieving higher yields when oxygen gas replaces air in the headspace of batch reactions. Improving CFPS yields with hydrofoam reduces the overall cost of biotherapeutic production, increasing availability to the developing world. Beyond protein therapeutic production, hydrofoam CFPS could also be used to enhance other CFPS applications including biosensing, biomanufacturing, and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew D Nelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - R Jordan Barnett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - J Porter Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Isaac Foutz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Meagan Welton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Bradley C Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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10
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Taboni A, Fagoni N, Fontolliet T, Grasso GS, Moia C, Vinetti G, Ferretti G. Breath holding as an example of extreme hypoventilation: experimental testing of a new model describing alveolar gas pathways. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2216-2225. [PMID: 32991750 DOI: 10.1113/ep088977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We modelled the alveolar pathway during breath holding on the hypothesis that it follows a hypoventilation loop on the O2 -CO2 diagram. What is the main finding and its importance? Validation of the model was possible within the range of alveolar gas compositions compatible with consciousness. Within this range, the experimental data were compatible with the proposed model. The model and its characteristics might allow predictions of alveolar gas composition whenever the alveolar ventilation goes to zero; for example, static and dynamic breath holding at the surface or during ventilation/intubation failure in anaesthesia. ABSTRACT According to the hypothesis that alveolar partial pressures of O2 and CO2 during breath holding (BH) should vary following a hypoventilation loop, we modelled the alveolar gas pathways during BH on the O2 -CO2 diagram and tested it experimentally during ambient air and pure oxygen breathing. In air, the model was constructed using the inspired and alveolar partial pressures of O2 ( P I O 2 and P A O 2 , respectively) and CO2 ( P IC O 2 and P AC O 2 , respectively) and the steady-state values of the pre-BH respiratory exchange ratio (RER). In pure oxygen, the model respected the constraint of P AC O 2 = - P A O 2 + P I O 2 . To test this, 12 subjects performed several BHs of increasing duration and one maximal BH at rest and during exercise (30 W cycling supine), while breathing air or pure oxygen. We measured gas flows, P A O 2 and P AC O 2 before and at the end of all BHs. Measured data were fitted through the model. In air, P I O 2 = 150 ± 1 mmHg and P IC O 2 = 0.3 ± 0.0 mmHg, both at rest and at 30 W. Before BH, steady-state RER was 0.83 ± 0.16 at rest and 0.77 ± 0.14 at 30 W; P A O 2 = 107 ± 7 mmHg at rest and 102 ± 8 mmHg at 30 W; and P AC O 2 = 36 ± 4 mmHg at rest and 38 ± 3 mmHg at 30 W. By model fitting, we computed the RER during the early phase of BH: 0.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.08-0.12] at rest and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.11-0.15) at 30 W. In oxygen, model fitting provided P I O 2 : 692 (95% CI = 688-696) mmHg at rest and 693 (95% CI = 689-698) mmHg at 30 W. The experimental data are compatible with the proposed model, within its physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taboni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nazzareno Fagoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Timothée Fontolliet
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Moia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Vinetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Ferretti
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Kobayashi T, Shiotani S, Yamamori M, Hayakawa H. Small amounts of intravascular gas on early postmortem CT may disappear on delayed postmortem CT after cold storage. FORENSIC IMAGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Pavlacky J, Polak J. Technical Feasibility and Physiological Relevance of Hypoxic Cell Culture Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32153502 PMCID: PMC7046623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive state to experimentally study to understand its inner mechanisms as well as to develop and test therapies against pathological conditions related to hypoxia. Animal models in vivo fail to recapitulate some of the key hallmarks of human physiology, which leads to human cell cultures; however, they are prone to bias, namely when pericellular oxygen concentration (partial pressure) does not respect oxygen dynamics in vivo. A search of the current literature on the topic revealed this was the case for many original studies pertaining to experimental models of hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, in this review, we present evidence mandating for the close control of oxygen levels in cell culture models of hypoxia. First, we discuss the basic physical laws required for understanding the oxygen dynamics in vitro, most notably the limited diffusion through a liquid medium that hampers the oxygenation of cells in conventional cultures. We then summarize up-to-date knowledge of techniques that help standardize the culture environment in a replicable fashion by increasing oxygen delivery to the cells and measuring pericellular levels. We also discuss how these tools may be applied to model both constant and intermittent hypoxia in a physiologically relevant manner, considering known values of partial pressure of tissue normoxia and hypoxia in vivo, compared to conventional cultures incubated at rigid oxygen pressure. Attention is given to the potential influence of three-dimensional tissue cultures and hypercapnia management on these models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these concepts for cell cultures, which try to emulate tissue normoxia, and conclude that the maintenance of precise oxygen levels is important in any cell culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Pavlacky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Brunetti M, Mortola JP. Hypoxic hypometabolism in chicken embryos: conformism and downregulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 239:110578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Roche M, Chaigneau E, Rungta RL, Boido D, Weber B, Charpak S. In vivo imaging with a water immersion objective affects brain temperature, blood flow and oxygenation. eLife 2019; 8:47324. [PMID: 31397668 PMCID: PMC6707784 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the first oxygen partial pressure (Po2) measurements in the brain of awake mice, by performing two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy at micrometer resolution (Lyons et al., 2016). However, this study disregarded that imaging through a cranial window lowers brain temperature, an effect capable of affecting cerebral blood flow, the properties of the oxygen sensors and thus Po2 measurements. Here, we show that in awake mice chronically implanted with a glass window over a craniotomy or a thinned-skull surface, the postsurgical decrease of brain temperature recovers within a few days. However, upon imaging with a water immersion objective at room temperature, brain temperature decreases by ~2-3°C, causing drops in resting capillary blood flow, capillary Po2, hemoglobin saturation, and tissue Po2. These adverse effects are corrected by heating the immersion objective or avoided by imaging through a dry air objective, thereby revealing the physiological values of brain oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Roche
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopy, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Chaigneau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopy, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ravi L Rungta
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopy, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Davide Boido
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopy, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serge Charpak
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopy, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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15
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Shen X, Gates KS. Enzyme-Activated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Heterocyclic N-Oxides under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions and Its Relevance to Hypoxia-Selective Prodrugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:348-361. [PMID: 30817135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic one-electron reduction of heterocyclic N-oxides can lead to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species via several different chemical pathways. These reactions may be relevant to hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agents, and unwanted toxicity of heterocylic nitrogen compounds.
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16
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Gorodetskii AA, Eubank TD, Driesschaert B, Poncelet M, Ellis E, Khramtsov VV, Bobko AA. Oxygen-induced leakage of spin polarization in Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Application for oximetry in tumors. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 297:42-50. [PMID: 30359906 PMCID: PMC6289650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OMRI) is a double resonance technique applied for oxygen imaging in aqueous samples and biological tissues. In this report, we present an improved OMRI approach of oxygen measurement using the single line "Finland" trityl spin probe. Compared to a traditional approach, we introduced an additional mechanism of leakage of spin polarization due to an interaction of a spin system with oxygen. The experimental comparison of the new approach with an oxygen-dependent leakage factor to a traditional approach performed in phantom samples in vitro, and mouse tumor model in vivo, shows improved accuracy of determination of oxygen and contrast agent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Gorodetskii
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; N.N. Voroztsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Martin Poncelet
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Emily Ellis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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17
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Comparison of Different Contrast Agents in Detecting Cardiac Right-to-Left Shunt in Patients with a Patent Foramen Ovale during Contrast-Transthoracic Echocardiography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6086094. [PMID: 29333447 PMCID: PMC5733159 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6086094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of two different contrast agents to detect cardiac right-to-left shunting in patients with a patent foramen ovale during contrast transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography. Eighty-four patients who had migraines or experienced cryptogenic stroke were prospectively enrolled. Contrast echocardiography of the right portion of the heart was performed using an injection of either (i) 8 ml of agitated saline, 1 ml of blood, and 1 ml of air (ASB) or (ii) 4 ml of vitamin B6 and 6 ml of sodium bicarbonate solution (VSBS). All patients underwent contrast echocardiography with different contrast agents successively before undergoing transesophageal echocardiography. The diagnostic sensitivity of VSBS and ASB for cardiac shunting diagnosis was 94.23% and 78.85%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity in the VSBS group was significantly higher than that in the ASB group (χ2 = 5.283, P = 0.022). The observed semiquantitative shunt grading suggests that the positive rate in the VSBS group was higher than that in the ASB group (Z = −1.998, P = 0.046). The use of vitamin B6 and sodium bicarbonate solution as a TTE contrast agent yielded a high sensitivity compared with ASB. However, further trials with large sample size are required to confirm this finding.
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