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Santana NNM, Silva EHA, dos Santos SF, Costa MSMO, Nascimento Junior ES, Engelberth RCJG, Cavalcante JS. Retinorecipient areas in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus): An image-forming and non-image forming circuitry. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1088686. [PMID: 36817647 PMCID: PMC9932520 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina captures a multitude of diverse features from the external environment and conveys them via the optic nerve to a myriad of retinorecipient nuclei. Understanding how retinal signals act in distinct brain functions is one of the most central and established goals of neuroscience. Using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a monkey from Northeastern Brazil, as an animal model for parsing how retinal innervation works in the brain, started decades ago due to their marmoset's small bodies, rapid reproduction rate, and brain features. In the course of that research, a large amount of new and sophisticated neuroanatomical techniques was developed and employed to explain retinal connectivity. As a consequence, image and non-image-forming regions, functions, and pathways, as well as retinal cell types were described. Image-forming circuits give rise directly to vision, while the non-image-forming territories support circadian physiological processes, although part of their functional significance is uncertain. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning retinal circuitry in marmosets from neuroanatomical investigations. We have also highlighted the aspects of marmoset retinal circuitry that remain obscure, in addition, to identify what further research is needed to better understand the connections and functions of retinorecipient structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelyane Nayara M. Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eryck H. A. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sâmarah F. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. M. O. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Expedito S. Nascimento Junior
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara J. G. Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jeferson S. Cavalcante,
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Baier H, Wullimann MF. Anatomy and function of retinorecipient arborization fields in zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3454-3476. [PMID: 34180059 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, Burrill and Easter described the retinal projections in embryonic and larval zebrafish, introducing the term "arborization fields" (AFs) for the retinorecipient areas. AFs were numbered from 1 to 10 according to their positions along the optic tract. With the exception of AF10 (neuropil of the optic tectum), annotations of AFs remained tentative. Here we offer an update on the likely identities and functions of zebrafish AFs after successfully matching classical neuroanatomy to the digital Max Planck Zebrafish Brain Atlas. In our system, individual AFs are neuropil areas associated with the following nuclei: AF1 with the suprachiasmatic nucleus; AF2 with the posterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus; AF3 and AF4 with the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus; AF4 with the anterior and intermediate thalamic nuclei; AF5 with the dorsal accessory optic nucleus; AF7 with the parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus; AF8 with the central pretectal nucleus; and AF9d and AF9v with the dorsal and ventral periventricular pretectal nuclei. AF6 is probably part of the accessory optic system. Imaging, ablation, and activation experiments showed contributions of AF5 and potentially AF6 to optokinetic and optomotor reflexes, AF4 to phototaxis, and AF7 to prey detection. AF6, AF8 and AF9v respond to dimming, and AF4 and AF9d to brightening. While few annotations remain tentative, it is apparent that the larval zebrafish visual system is anatomically and functionally continuous with its adult successor and fits the general cyprinid pattern. This study illustrates the synergy created by merging classical neuroanatomy with a cellular-resolution digital brain atlas resource and functional imaging in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Martinsried, Germany.,Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU Munich), Martinsried, Germany
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Wang K, Arrenberg B, Hinz J, Arrenberg AB. Reduction of visual stimulus artifacts using a spherical tank for small, aquatic animals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3204. [PMID: 33547357 PMCID: PMC7864920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering appropriate stimuli remains a challenge in vision research, particularly for aquatic animals such as zebrafish. Due to the shape of the water tank and the associated optical paths of light rays, the stimulus can be subject to unwanted refraction or reflection artifacts, which may spoil the experiment and result in wrong conclusions. Here, we employ computer graphics simulations and calcium imaging in the zebrafish optic tectum to show, how a spherical glass container optically outperforms many previously used water containers, including Petri dish lids. We demonstrate that aquatic vision experiments suffering from total internal reflection artifacts at the water surface or at the flat container bottom may result in the erroneous detection of visual neurons with bipartite receptive fields and in the apparent absence of neurons selective for vertical motion. Our results and demonstrations will help aquatic vision neuroscientists on optimizing their stimulation setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Julian Hinz
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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4
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Kramer A, Wu Y, Baier H, Kubo F. Neuronal Architecture of a Visual Center that Processes Optic Flow. Neuron 2019; 103:118-132.e7. [PMID: 31147153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Animals use global image motion cues to actively stabilize their position by compensatory movements. Neurons in the zebrafish pretectum distinguish different optic flow patterns, e.g., rotation and translation, to drive appropriate behaviors. Combining functional imaging and morphological reconstruction of single cells, we revealed critical neuroanatomical features of this sensorimotor transformation. Terminals of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DS-RGCs) are located within the pretectal retinal arborization field 5 (AF5), where they meet dendrites of pretectal neurons with simple tuning to monocular optic flow. Translation-selective neurons, which respond selectively to optic flow in the same direction for both eyes, are intermingled with these simple cells but do not receive inputs from DS-RGCs. Mutually exclusive populations of pretectal projection neurons innervate either the reticular formation or the cerebellum, which in turn control motor responses. We posit that local computations in a defined pretectal circuit transform optic flow signals into neural commands driving optomotor behavior. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kramer
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yunmin Wu
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fumi Kubo
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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5
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Wang K, Hinz J, Haikala V, Reiff DF, Arrenberg AB. Selective processing of all rotational and translational optic flow directions in the zebrafish pretectum and tectum. BMC Biol 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30925897 PMCID: PMC6441171 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The processing of optic flow in the pretectum/accessory optic system allows animals to stabilize retinal images by executing compensatory optokinetic and optomotor behavior. The success of this behavior depends on the integration of information from both eyes to unequivocally identify all possible translational or rotational directions of motion. However, it is still unknown whether the precise direction of ego-motion is already identified in the zebrafish pretectum or later in downstream premotor areas. Results Here, we show that the zebrafish pretectum and tectum each contain four populations of motion-sensitive direction-selective (DS) neurons, with each population encoding a different preferred direction upon monocular stimulation. In contrast, binocular stimulation revealed the existence of pretectal and tectal neurons that are specifically tuned to only one of the many possible combinations of monocular motion, suggesting that further downstream sensory processing might not be needed to instruct appropriate optokinetic and optomotor behavior. Conclusion Our results suggest that local, task-specific pretectal circuits process DS retinal inputs and carry out the binocular sensory computations necessary for optokinetic and optomotor behavior. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0648-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Hinz
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre for Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Present address: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Väinö Haikala
- Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dierk F Reiff
- Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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Gravot CM, Knorr AG, Glasauer S, Straka H. It's not all black and white: visual scene parameters influence optokinetic reflex performance in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:4213-4224. [PMID: 29141881 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.167700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of visual acuity during active and passive body motion is ensured by gaze-stabilizing reflexes that aim at minimizing retinal image slip. For the optokinetic reflex (OKR), large-field visual motion of the surround forms the essential stimulus that activates eye movements. Properties of the moving visual world influence cognitive motion perception and the estimation of visual image velocity. Therefore, the performance of brainstem-mediated visuo-motor behaviors might also depend on image scene characteristics. Employing semi-intact preparations of mid-larval stages of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, we studied the influence of contrast polarity, intensity, contour shape and different motion stimulus patterns on the performance of the OKR and multi-unit optic nerve discharge during motion of a large-field visual scene. At high contrast intensities, the OKR amplitude was significantly larger for visual scenes with a positive contrast (bright dots on a dark background) compared with those with a negative contrast. This effect persisted for luminance-matched pairs of stimuli, and was independent of contour shape. The relative biases of OKR performance along with the independence of the responses from contour shape were closely matched by the optic nerve discharge evoked by the same visual stimuli. However, the multi-unit activity of retinal ganglion cells in response to a small single moving vertical edge was strongly influenced by the light intensity in the vertical neighborhood. This suggests that the underlying mechanism of OKR biases related to contrast polarity directly derives from visual motion-processing properties of the retinal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Gravot
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany .,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alexander G Knorr
- Center for Sensorimotor Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Systems, TUM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Karlstr. 45/II, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasauer
- Center for Sensorimotor Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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7
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Population-scale organization of cerebellar granule neuron signaling during a visuomotor behavior. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16240. [PMID: 29176570 PMCID: PMC5701187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule cells at the input layer of the cerebellum comprise over half the neurons in the human brain and are thought to be critical for learning. However, little is known about granule neuron signaling at the population scale during behavior. We used calcium imaging in awake zebrafish during optokinetic behavior to record transgenically identified granule neurons throughout a cerebellar population. A significant fraction of the population was responsive at any given time. In contrast to core precerebellar populations, granule neuron responses were relatively heterogeneous, with variation in the degree of rectification and the balance of positive versus negative changes in activity. Functional correlations were strongest for nearby cells, with weak spatial gradients in the degree of rectification and the average sign of response. These data open a new window upon cerebellar function and suggest granule layer signals represent elementary building blocks under-represented in core sensorimotor pathways, thereby enabling the construction of novel patterns of activity for learning.
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8
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Three-dimensional computer graphic animations for studying social approach behaviour in medaka fish: Effects of systematic manipulation of morphological and motion cues. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175059. [PMID: 28399163 PMCID: PMC5388324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied social approach behaviour in medaka fish using three-dimensional computer graphic (3DCG) animations based on the morphological features and motion characteristics obtained from real fish. This is the first study which used 3DCG animations and examined the relative effects of morphological and motion cues on social approach behaviour in medaka. Various visual stimuli, e.g., lack of motion, lack of colour, alternation in shape, lack of locomotion, lack of body motion, and normal virtual fish in which all four features (colour, shape, locomotion, and body motion) were reconstructed, were created and presented to fish using a computer display. Medaka fish presented with normal virtual fish spent a long time in proximity to the display, whereas time spent near the display was decreased in other groups when compared with normal virtual medaka group. The results suggested that the naturalness of visual cues contributes to the induction of social approach behaviour. Differential effects between body motion and locomotion were also detected. 3DCG animations can be a useful tool to study the mechanisms of visual processing and social behaviour in medaka.
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Gaede AH, Goller B, Lam JPM, Wylie DR, Altshuler DL. Neurons Responsive to Global Visual Motion Have Unique Tuning Properties in Hummingbirds. Curr Biol 2017; 27:279-285. [PMID: 28065606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in animal visual systems that respond to global optic flow exhibit selectivity for motion direction and/or velocity. The avian lentiformis mesencephali (LM), known in mammals as the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), is a key nucleus for global motion processing [1-4]. In all animals tested, it has been found that the majority of LM and NOT neurons are tuned to temporo-nasal (back-to-front) motion [4-11]. Moreover, the monocular gain of the optokinetic response is higher in this direction, compared to naso-temporal (front-to-back) motion [12, 13]. Hummingbirds are sensitive to small visual perturbations while hovering, and they drift to compensate for optic flow in all directions [14]. Interestingly, the LM, but not other visual nuclei, is hypertrophied in hummingbirds relative to other birds [15], which suggests enhanced perception of global visual motion. Using extracellular recording techniques, we found that there is a uniform distribution of preferred directions in the LM in Anna's hummingbirds, whereas zebra finch and pigeon LM populations, as in other tetrapods, show a strong bias toward temporo-nasal motion. Furthermore, LM and NOT neurons are generally classified as tuned to "fast" or "slow" motion [10, 16, 17], and we predicted that most neurons would be tuned to slow visual motion as an adaptation for slow hovering. However, we found the opposite result: most hummingbird LM neurons are tuned to fast pattern velocities, compared to zebra finches and pigeons. Collectively, these results suggest a role in rapid responses during hovering, as well as in velocity control and collision avoidance during forward flight of hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Gaede
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goller
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica P M Lam
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Douglas L Altshuler
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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10
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Bastakov VA, Kiseleva E, Orlov OY. Direction-selective units in the frog's basal optic root nucleus. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:1550029. [PMID: 26653401 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635215500296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological responses from 91 direction-selective (DS) units located in the basal optic root (nBOR) and the adjacent dorsomedial area have been recorded extracellularly in the frog (Rana temporaria L.). Based on characteristics of the recorded responses, 23 of the units are considered to be retinal ganglion cells' (RGC; axon terminals). The majority of the remaining 68 units were considered to be DS neurons of the nBOR. The results of our study suggest that in the nBOR area there might be four subtypes of the tegmental and retinal DS units that respond selectively to stimuli moving in the dorso-ventral, ventro-dorsal, caudo-rostral and rostro-caudal directions. The receptive field (RF) sizes of the nBOR DS neurons were estimated to be about 30-[Formula: see text], while those for the retinal units were significantly smaller - just 6-[Formula: see text]. In response to abrupt darkening within the units' RFs, both the nBOR DS neurons and the RGC DS units respond by a weak discharge. Our results indicate that the frog nBOR DS neurons integrate the inputs from the retinal OFF-type DS units over relatively large segments of the visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Bastakov
- * Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi Karetny 19, 127994 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- † A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Leninski ps. 33, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Yu Orlov
- * Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi Karetny 19, 127994 Moscow, Russia
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Rosa Salva O, Sovrano VA, Vallortigara G. What can fish brains tell us about visual perception? Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:119. [PMID: 25324728 PMCID: PMC4179623 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are a complex taxonomic group, whose diversity and distance from other vertebrates well suits the comparative investigation of brain and behavior: in fish species we observe substantial differences with respect to the telencephalic organization of other vertebrates and an astonishing variety in the development and complexity of pallial structures. We will concentrate on the contribution of research on fish behavioral biology for the understanding of the evolution of the visual system. We shall review evidence concerning perceptual effects that reflect fundamental principles of the visual system functioning, highlighting the similarities and differences between distant fish groups and with other vertebrates. We will focus on perceptual effects reflecting some of the main tasks that the visual system must attain. In particular, we will deal with subjective contours and optical illusions, invariance effects, second order motion and biological motion and, finally, perceptual binding of object properties in a unified higher level representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Rosa Salva
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria Anna Sovrano
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRovereto, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, University of TrentoRovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vallortigara
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRovereto, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, University of TrentoRovereto, Trento, Italy
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12
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Functional Architecture of an Optic Flow-Responsive Area that Drives Horizontal Eye Movements in Zebrafish. Neuron 2014; 81:1344-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Abstract
The review deals with the morphology, physiology, topography, and central projections of direction-selective cells of the accessory optic system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Pushchin
- Laboratory of Physiology, A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690059, Russia
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14
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15
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Debowy O, Baker R. Encoding of eye position in the goldfish horizontal oculomotor neural integrator. J Neurophysiol 2010; 105:896-909. [PMID: 21160010 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00313.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocular organization of the goldfish horizontal neural integrator was studied during spontaneous scanning saccadic and fixation behaviors. Analysis of neuronal firing rates revealed a population of ipsilateral (37%), conjugate (59%), and contralateral (4%) eye position neurons. When monocular optokinetic stimuli were employed to maximize disjunctive horizontal eye movements, the sampled population changed to 57, 39, and 4%. Monocular eye tracking could be elicited at different gain and phase with the integrator time constant independently modified for each eye by either centripetal (leak) or centrifugal (instability) drifting visual stimuli. Acute midline separation between the hindbrain oculomotor integrators did not affect either monocularity or time constant tuning, corroborating that left and right eye positions are independently encoded within each integrator. Together these findings suggest that the "ipsilateral" and "conjugate/contralateral" integrator neurons primarily target abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons, respectively. The commissural pathway is proposed to select the conjugate/contralateral eye position neurons and act as a feedforward inhibition affecting null eye position, oculomotor range, and saccade pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Debowy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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Masseck OA, Förster S, Hoffmann KP. Sensitivity of the goldfish motion detection system revealed by incoherent random dot stimuli: comparison of behavioural and neuronal data. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9461. [PMID: 20209165 PMCID: PMC2830482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global motion detection is one of the most important abilities in the animal kingdom to navigate through a 3-dimensional environment. In the visual system of teleost fish direction-selective neurons in the pretectal area (APT) are most important for global motion detection. As in all other vertebrates these neurons are involved in the control of slow phase eye movements during gaze stabilization. In contrast to mammals cortical pathways that might influence motion detection abilities of the optokinetic system are missing in teleost fish. Results To test global motion detection in goldfish we first measured the coherence threshold of random dot patterns to elicit horizontal slow phase eye movements. In addition, the coherence threshold of the optomotor response was determined by the same random dot patterns. In a second approach the coherence threshold to elicit a direction selective response in neurons of the APT was assessed from a neurometric function. Behavioural thresholds and neuronal thresholds to elicit slow phase eye movements were very similar, and ranged between 10% and 20% coherence. In contrast to these low thresholds for the optokinetic reaction and APT neurons the optomotor response could only be elicited by random dot patterns with coherences above 40%. Conclusion Our findings suggest a high sensitivity for global motion in the goldfish optokinetic system. Comparison of neuronal and behavioural thresholds implies a nearly one-to-one transformation of visual neuron performance to the visuo-motor output. In addition, we assume that the optomotor response is not mediated by the optokinetic system, but instead by other motion detection systems with higher coherence thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Andrea Masseck
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha Förster
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Hoffmann
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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