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Cell-Type-Specific Thalamocortical Inputs Constrain Direction Map Formation in Visual Cortex. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1082-1088.e3. [PMID: 30699339 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding the relationship between individual cognitive functions and cell-type-specific neuronal circuits is a central topic in neuroscience. In cats, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) contains several cell types carrying spatially and temporally precise visual information. Whereas LGN cell types lack selectivity for motion direction, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) exhibit sharp direction selectivity. Whether and how such de novo formation of direction selectivity depends on LGN cell types remains unknown. Here, we addressed this question using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in cat area 17, which consists of two compartments receiving different combinations of inputs from the LGN cell types. The direction map in area 17 showed unique fragmented organization and was present only in small and distributed cortical domains. Moreover, direction-selective domains preferentially localized in specific compartments receiving Y and W inputs carrying low spatial frequency visual information, indicating that cell-type-specific thalamocortical projections constrain the formation of direction selectivity.
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Yue Y, Ke S, Zhou W, Chang J. In Vivo Imaging Reveals Composite Coding for Diagonal Motion in the Drosophila Visual System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164020. [PMID: 27695103 PMCID: PMC5047565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding information coding is important for resolving the functions of visual neural circuits. The motion vision system is a classic model for studying information coding as it contains a concise and complete information-processing circuit. In Drosophila, the axon terminals of motion-detection neurons (T4 and T5) project to the lobula plate, which comprises four regions that respond to the four cardinal directions of motion. The lobula plate thus represents a topographic map on a transverse plane. This enables us to study the coding of diagonal motion by investigating its response pattern. By using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we found that the axon terminals of T4 and T5 cells in the lobula plate were activated during diagonal motion. Further experiments showed that the response to diagonal motion is distributed over the following two regions compared to the cardinal directions of motion—a diagonal motion selective response region and a non-selective response region—which overlap with the response regions of the two vector-correlated cardinal directions of motion. Interestingly, the sizes of the non-selective response regions are linearly correlated with the angle of the diagonal motion. These results revealed that the Drosophila visual system employs a composite coding for diagonal motion that includes both independent coding and vector decomposition coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlei Yue
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Ke
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- * E-mail:
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Insanally M, Trumpis M, Wang C, Chiang CH, Woods V, Palopoli-Trojani K, Bossi S, Froemke RC, Viventi J. A low-cost, multiplexed μECoG system for high-density recordings in freely moving rodents. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:026030-26030. [PMID: 26975462 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/2/026030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Micro-electrocorticography (μECoG) offers a minimally invasive neural interface with high spatial resolution over large areas of cortex. However, electrode arrays with many contacts that are individually wired to external recording systems are cumbersome and make recordings in freely behaving rodents challenging. We report a novel high-density 60-electrode system for μECoG recording in freely moving rats. APPROACH Multiplexed headstages overcome the problem of wiring complexity by combining signals from many electrodes to a smaller number of connections. We have developed a low-cost, multiplexed recording system with 60 contacts at 406 μm spacing. We characterized the quality of the electrode signals using multiple metrics that tracked spatial variation, evoked-response detectability, and decoding value. Performance of the system was validated both in anesthetized animals and freely moving awake animals. MAIN RESULTS We recorded μECoG signals over the primary auditory cortex, measuring responses to acoustic stimuli across all channels. Single-trial responses had high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) (up to 25 dB under anesthesia), and were used to rapidly measure network topography within ∼10 s by constructing all single-channel receptive fields in parallel. We characterized evoked potential amplitudes and spatial correlations across the array in the anesthetized and awake animals. Recording quality in awake animals was stable for at least 30 days. Finally, we used these responses to accurately decode auditory stimuli on single trials. SIGNIFICANCE This study introduces (1) a μECoG recording system based on practical hardware design and (2) a rigorous analytical method for characterizing the signal characteristics of μECoG electrode arrays. This methodology can be applied to evaluate the fidelity and lifetime of any μECoG electrode array. Our μECoG-based recording system is accessible and will be useful for studies of perception and decision-making in rodents, particularly over the entire time course of behavioral training and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Insanally
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Trumpis
- Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chia-Han Chiang
- Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Woods
- Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Silvia Bossi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Robotics Laboratory, C.R. Casaccia, ENEA, V. Anguillarese, 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy.,BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Viventi
- Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Ribot J, Romagnoni A, Milleret C, Bennequin D, Touboul J. Pinwheel-dipole configuration in cat early visual cortex. Neuroimage 2015; 128:63-73. [PMID: 26707892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early visual cortex, information is processed within functional maps whose layouts are thought to underlie visual perception. However, the precise organization of these functional maps as well as their interrelationships remain unsettled. Here, we show that spatial frequency representation in cat early visual cortex exhibits singularities around which the map organizes like an electric dipole potential. These singularities are precisely co-located with singularities of the orientation map: the pinwheel centers. To show this, we used high resolution intrinsic optical imaging in cat areas 17 and 18. First, we show that a majority of pinwheel centers exhibit in their neighborhood both semi-global maximum and minimum in the spatial frequency map (i.e. extreme values of the spatial frequency in a hypercolumn). This contradicts pioneering studies suggesting that pinwheel centers are placed at the locus of a single spatial frequency extremum. Based on an analogy with electromagnetism, we proposed a mathematical model for a dipolar structure, accurately fitting optical imaging data. We conclude that a majority of orientation pinwheel centers form spatial frequency dipoles in cat early visual cortex. Given the functional specificities of neurons at singularities in the visual cortex, it is argued that the dipolar organization of spatial frequency around pinwheel centers could be fundamental for visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ribot
- Mathematical Neuroscience Team, CIRB - Collège de France (CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, UPMC ED 158, MEMOLIFE PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Alberto Romagnoni
- Mathematical Neuroscience Team, CIRB - Collège de France (CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, UPMC ED 158, MEMOLIFE PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Milleret
- Brain Rhythms and Neural Coding of Memory, CIRB - Collège de France (CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, UPMC ED 158, MEMOLIFE PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Bennequin
- Géométrie et dynamique, Université Paris Diderot (Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Mathematical Neuroscience Team, CIRB - Collège de France (CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, UPMC ED 158, MEMOLIFE PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France; INRIA Mycenae Team, Paris-Rocquencourt, France
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