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Scarpini S, Lira ADO, Gimenez T, Raggio DP, Chambrone L, Souza RCD, Floriano I, Morimoto S, Tedesco TK. Associated factors and treatment options for sleep bruxism in children: an umbrella review. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e006. [PMID: 36629590 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on clinical management options for sleep bruxism in the primary dentition are inconclusive. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the associated factors and treatment approaches for clinical management of sleep bruxism in children. A search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and OpenGrey databases up to March 2022. SRs published on sleep bruxism in children containing data on associated factors or treatment outcomes were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of SRs. The search identified 444 articles, of which six were included. Sleep conditions, respiratory changes, personality traits, and psychosocial factors were the associated factors commonly identified. Treatments included psychological and pharmacological therapies, occlusal devices, physical therapy, and surgical therapy. All SRs included presented a high risk of bias. Overlapping of the included studies was considered very high. The best evidence available to date for the management of sleep bruxism in children is based on associated factors, with sleep duration and conditions, respiratory changes, as well as personality traits and psychosocial factors being the most important factors commonly reported by studies. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Scarpini
- Universidade Ibirapuera, School of Dentistry,, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Gimenez
- Universidade Ibirapuera, School of Dentistry,, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Chambrone
- Universidade Ibirapuera, School of Dentistry,, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Floriano
- Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Postgraduate courses in Pediatric Dentistry, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana Morimoto
- Universidade Ibirapuera, School of Dentistry,, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chikh S, Meguidich H, Souissi H, Watelain E. How Does the Central Nervous System Control Forthcoming Movement With Different Emotional Stimuli? Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:217-231. [PMID: 35068251 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211070107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining postural balance is a key factor in human motor skills, based in part on emotional stimuli. Our objective in this study was to measure the effect of emotion on postural control as influenced by the direction of forthcoming movement. Eighteen right-handed women initiated a step forward or backward or remained in a static position after visualizing an emotional stimulus (positive, negative, or neutral). Center of pressure (COP) parameters (2D velocity, Medio-lateral (ML), and antero-posterior (AP) amplitude) were recorded for 3-second windows for movement direction and emotional stimulus. We observed a motion * direction effect on 2D velocity, characterized by a decrease in the emotional stimulus and static direction windows. The participants' ML amplitude was influenced by direction, and their reduced amplitude was evident in the presence of emotions. AP amplitude was high in the direction versus emotion window. In the static position, the AP amplitude was high in the direction window and low in the emotion window. The participants' movement planning and programming phase (direction window) was characterized by less oscillation for forward or backward movements and more oscillation before movement, suggesting anticipatory postural adjustments in the emotion window. Static direction was characterized by low oscillation, compared to forward and backward movement and in negative versus positive emotional context, proving the interactive impact of direction and emotion on COP amplitudes. Thus, postural control was influenced by both movement (direction) and emotional content (valence). This study provided insight regarding the interactive effect of emotion and direction on planning and programming forthcoming movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufien Chikh
- University of Sfax Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia.,479822University of Sfax, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hager Meguidich
- University of Sfax Education, Motricity, Sport and Health Research Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia.,479822University of Sfax, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Souissi
- 479822University of Sfax, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia.,Physical Activities, Sport and Health, Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eric Watelain
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire UR IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, France
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Zaback M, Adkin AL, Chua R, Timothy Inglis J, Carpenter MG. Facilitation and habituation of cortical and subcortical control of standing balance following repeated exposure to a height-related postural threat. Neuroscience 2022; 487:8-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mouras H, Lelard T. Approach-Avoidance Behavior in the Empathy for Pain Model as Measured by Posturography. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1426. [PMID: 34827425 PMCID: PMC8615630 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelation between motor and emotional processes has been a recurrent question since several decades in the scientific literature. An interesting experimental technique to explore this question is posturography which assess the modulation of human postural control. In an emerging scientific field, this technique has been used to explore the reaction of the body in different emotional conditions. However, among available studies, some inconsistencies appear. In this brief report, we want to show how a widely used experimental model, i.e., empathy for pain, allowed in several study to provide comprehensive understanding elements on the postural correlates of socioemotional information processing. In particular, the role of mental simulation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Mouras
- UR-UPJV 4559, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Thierry Lelard
- UR-UPJV 3300, Adaptations Physiologiques à l’Exercice et Réadaptation à l’Effort (EA 3300), UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France;
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The direction of postural threat alters balance control when standing at virtual elevation. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2653-2663. [PMID: 32944785 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anxiogenic settings lead to reduced postural sway while standing, but anxiety-related balance may be influenced by the location of postural threat in the environment. We predicted that the direction of threat would elicit a parallel controlled manifold relative to the standing surface, and an orthogonal uncontrolled manifold during standing. Altogether, 14 healthy participants (8 women, mean age = 27.5 years, SD = 8.2) wore a virtual reality (VR) headset and stood on a matched real-world walkway (2 m × 40 cm × 2 cm) for 30 s at ground level and simulated heights (elevated 15 m) in two positions: (1) parallel to walkway, lateral threat; and (2) perpendicular to walkway, anteroposterior threat. Inertial sensors measured postural sway acceleration (e.g., 95% ellipse, root mean square (RMS) of acceleration), and a wrist-worn monitor measured heart rate coefficient of variation (HR CV). Fully factorial linear-mixed effect regressions (LMER) determined the effects of height and position. HR CV moderately increased from low to high height (p = 0.050, g = 0.397). The Height × Position interaction approached significance for sway area (95% ellipse; β = - 0.018, p = 0.062) and was significant for RMS (β = - 0.022, p = 0.007). Post-hoc analyses revealed that sagittal plane sway accelerations and RMS increased from low to high elevation in parallel standing, but were limited when facing the threat during perpendicular standing. Postural response to threat varies depending on the direction of threat, suggesting that the control strategies used during standing are sensitive to the direction of threat.
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The feasibility of using virtual reality to induce mobility-related anxiety during turning. Gait Posture 2020; 77:6-13. [PMID: 31951915 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The fear of falling, or mobility-related anxiety, profoundly affects gait, but is challenging to study without risk to participants. PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of using virtual reality (VR) to manipulate illusions of height and consequently, elevated mobility-related anxiety when turning. Moreover, we examined if mobility-related anxiety effects decline across time in VR environments as participants habituate. METHODS Altogether, 10 healthy participants (five women, mean (standard deviation) age = 28.5 (8.5) years) turned at self-selected and fast speeds on a 2.2 m walkway under two simulated environments: (1) ground elevation; and (2) high elevation (15 m above ground). Peak turning velocity was recorded using inertial sensors and participants rated their cognitive (i.e., worry) and somatic (i.e., tension) anxiety, confidence, and mental effort. RESULTS A significant Height × Speed × Trial interaction (p = 0.013) was detected for peak turning velocity. On average, the virtual height illusion decreased peak turning velocity, especially at fast speeds. At low elevation, participants decreased speed across trials, but not significantly (p = 0.381), but at high elevation, they significantly increased speed across trials (p = 0.001). At self-selected speeds, no effects were revealed (all p > 0.188) and only effects for Height were observed for fast speeds (p < 0.001). After turning at high elevation, participants reported greater cognitive (p = 0.008) and somatic anxiety (p = 0.007), reduced confidence (p = 0.021), and greater mental effort (p < 0.001) compared to the low elevation. CONCLUSION VR can safely induce mobility-related anxiety during dynamic motor tasks, and habituation effects from repeated exposure should be carefully considered in experimental designs and analysis.
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Reischl SA, Raza SZ, Adkin AL, Patterson JT, Tokuno CD. Examining changes in corticospinal excitability and balance performance in response to social-comparative feedback. Gait Posture 2019; 73:14-19. [PMID: 31299499 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social-comparative feedback informs an individual that their performance was better or worse than the group. Previous studies have found that compared to knowledge of results alone, social-comparative feedback produces a valence response that results in larger improvements in balance performance. However, the neural processes contributing to these motor improvements have not yet been examined. RESEARCH QUESTION Does social-comparative feedback alter corticospinal excitability and consequently, balance performance? METHODS Thirty-six healthy young adults stood and maintained their balance on a stabiliometer for eight trials. After three of the trials, the neutral (i.e., only knowledge of results) group received their performance feedback (i.e., time on balance) while the other two groups also received positive (i.e., performed better than the group) or negative (i.e., performed worse than the group) social-comparative feedback. To measure corticospinal excitability, soleus motor-evoked potentials were elicited using transcranial magnetic stimulation at the beginning of the experiment, after the presentation of feedback, and at the end of the experiment. Pre- and post- ratings of confidence, perceived skill, motivation, and anxiety were also collected. RESULTS The negative feedback group reported decreases in perceived skill (43 ± 29%) and balance confidence (26 ± 28%), while the positive group reported a 13 ± 17% increase in perceived skill. Despite these group differences in feedback perception, all three groups improved their balance performance by ≈35% (p < 0.001) by the eighth trial. However, this improvement in balance performance was not matched by any changes in corticospinal excitability over time (19.2 ± 55.9% change; p = 0.340) or between groups (p = 0.734). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that social-comparative feedback, as presented in this study, does not affect corticospinal excitability and balance performance differently than knowledge of results (neutral feedback) alone. More arousing and more frequent forms of social-comparative feedback may be necessary for observing larger changes in the functional or neural control of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Z Raza
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Allan L Adkin
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jae T Patterson
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Craig D Tokuno
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Lelard T, Stins J, Mouras H. Postural responses to emotional visual stimuli. Neurophysiol Clin 2019; 49:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Miranda Z, Pham A, Elgbeili G, Barthélemy D. H-reflex modulation preceding changes in soleus EMG activity during balance perturbation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:777-791. [PMID: 30604019 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
When balance is compromised, postural strategies are induced to quickly recover from the perturbation. However, neuronal mechanisms underlying these strategies are not fully understood. Here, we assessed the amplitude of the soleus (SOL) H-reflex during forward and backward tilts of the support surface during standing (n = 15 healthy participants). Electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve was applied randomly before platform tilt (control) and 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 ms after tilt onset. During backward tilt, a significant decrease in H-reflex amplitude was observed at 75, 100 and 200 ms. The onset of the decreased H-reflex amplitude significantly preceded the onset of the SOL EMG decrease (latency: 144 ± 16 ms). During forward tilt, the amplitude of the H-reflex increased at 100 and 200 ms after tilt onset. The onset of H-reflex increase did not occur significantly earlier than the onset of the SOL EMG increase (127 ± 5 ms). An important inter-subject variability was observed for the onset of H-reflex modulation with respect to EMG response for each direction of tilt, but this variability could not be explained by the subject's height. Taken together, the results establish the time course of change in SOL H-reflex excitability and its relation to the increase and decrease in SOL EMG activity during forward and backward tilts. The data presented here also suggest that balance mechanisms may differ between forward and backward tilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Miranda
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Pavillon du Parc, C.P.6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, CRIR, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annie Pham
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, CRIR, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Recherche en Schizophrénie et troubles neurodéveloppementaux, Institut universitaire en santé mentale Douglas, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dorothy Barthélemy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Pavillon du Parc, C.P.6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, CRIR, Montreal, Canada.
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Horslen BC, Zaback M, Inglis JT, Blouin JS, Carpenter MG. Increased human stretch reflex dynamic sensitivity with height-induced postural threat. J Physiol 2018; 596:5251-5265. [PMID: 30176053 DOI: 10.1113/jp276459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Threats to standing balance (postural threat) are known to facilitate soleus tendon-tap reflexes, yet the mechanisms driving reflex changes are unknown. Scaling of ramp-and-hold dorsiflexion stretch reflexes to stretch velocity and amplitude were examined as indirect measures of changes to muscle spindle dynamic and static function with height-induced postural threat. Overall, stretch reflexes were larger with threat. Furthermore, the slope (gain) of the stretch-velocity vs. short-latency reflex amplitude relationship was increased with threat. These findings are interpreted as indirect evidence for increased muscle spindle dynamic sensitivity, independent of changes in background muscle activity levels, with a threat to standing balance. We argue that context-dependent scaling of stretch reflexes forms part of a multisensory tuning process where acquisition and/or processing of balance-relevant sensory information is continuously primed to facilitate feedback control of standing balance in challenging balance scenarios. ABSTRACT Postural threat increases soleus tendon-tap (t-) reflexes. However, it is not known whether t-reflex changes are a result of central modulation, altered muscle spindle dynamic sensitivity or combined spindle static and dynamic sensitization. Ramp-and-hold dorsiflexion stretches of varying velocities and amplitudes were used to examine velocity- and amplitude-dependent scaling of short- (SLR) and medium-latency (MLR) stretch reflexes as an indirect indicator of spindle sensitivity. t-reflexes were also performed to replicate previous work. In the present study, we examined the effects of postural threat on SLR, MLR and t-reflex amplitude, as well as SLR-stretch velocity scaling. Forty young-healthy adults stood with one foot on a servo-controlled tilting platform and the other on a stable surface. The platform was positioned on a hydraulic lift. Threat was manipulated by having participants stand in low (height 1.1 m; away from edge) then high (height 3.5 m; at the edge) threat conditions. Soleus stretch reflexes were recorded with surface electromyography and SLRs and MLRs were probed with fixed-amplitude variable-velocity stretches. t-reflexes were evoked with Achilles tendon taps using a linear motor. SLR, MLR and t-reflexes were 11%, 9.5% and 16.9% larger, respectively, in the high compared to low threat condition. In 22 out of 40 participants, SLR amplitude was correlated to stretch velocity at both threat levels. In these participants, the gain of the SLR-velocity relationship was increased by 36.1% with high postural threat. These findings provide new supportive evidence for increased muscle spindle dynamic sensitivity with postural threat and provide further support for the context-dependent modulation of human somatosensory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Horslen
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Present address: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Zaback
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Timothy Inglis
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark G Carpenter
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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