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Somatotopic direct projections from orofacial areas of secondary somatosensory cortex to trigeminal sensory nuclear complex in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 219:214-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Tomita A, Kato T, Sato F, Haque T, Oka A, Yamamoto M, Ono T, Bae YC, Maeda Y, Sessle BJ, Yoshida A. Somatotopic direct projections from orofacial areas of primary somatosensory cortex to pons and medulla, especially to trigeminal sensory nuclear complex, in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 200:166-85. [PMID: 22079440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) projects to the thalamus and brainstem somatosensory nuclei and modulates somatosensory information ascending to the S1 itself. However, the projections from the S1 to the brainstem second-order somatosensory neuron pools have not been fully studied. To address this in rats, we first revealed the somatotopic representation of orofacial areas in the S1 by recording cortical surface potentials evoked by stimulation of the lingual, mental, infraorbital, and frontal nerves. We then examined the morphology of descending projections from the electrophysiologically defined orofacial S1 areas to the pons and medulla after injections of an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextranamine (BDA), into the orofacial S1 areas. BDA-labeled axon terminals were seen mostly in the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) and had a strong contralateral predominance. They also showed a somatotopic arrangement in dorsoventral and superficial-deep directions within almost all rostrocaudal TSNC levels, and in a rostrocaudal direction within the trigeminal caudal subnucleus. In the principal nucleus (Vp) or oral subnucleus (Vo) of TSNC, the BDA-labeled axon terminals showed a somatotopic arrangement closely matched to that of the electrophysiologically defined projection sites of orofacial primary afferents; these projection sites were marked by injections of a retrograde tracer, Fluorogold (FG), into the Vp or Vo. The FG injections labeled a large number of S1 neurons, with a strong contralateral predominance, in a somatotopic manner, which corresponded to that presented in the electrophysiologically defined orofacial S1 areas. The present results suggest that the orofacial S1 projections to somatotopically matched regions of trigeminal second-order somatosensory neuron pools may allow the orofacial S1 to accurately modulate orofacial somatosensory transmission to higher brain centers including the orofacial S1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomita
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Rojas-Piloni G, Martínez-Lorenzana G, Condés-Lara M, Rodríguez-Jiménez J. Direct sensorimotor corticospinal modulation of dorsal horn neuronal C-fiber responses in the rat. Brain Res 2010; 1351:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Chang Z, Haque T, Iida C, Seki S, Sato F, Kato T, Uchino K, Ono T, Nakamura M, Bae YC, Yoshida A. Distribution of premotoneurons for jaw-closing and jaw-opening motor nucleus receiving contacts from axon terminals of primary somatosensory cortical neurons in rats. Brain Res 2009; 1275:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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De Riu PL, Russo A, Pellitteri R, Stanzani S, Tringali G, Roccazzello AM, De Riu G, Marongiu P, Mameli O. Primary afferent plasticity following deafferentation of the trigeminal brainstem nuclei in the adult rat. Exp Neurol 2008; 213:101-7. [PMID: 18599040 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-tyrosinated tubulin is a cytoskeletal protein that is involved in axonal growth and is considered a marker of neuronal plasticity in adult mammals. In adult rats, unilateral ablation of the left facial sensorimotor cortical areas induces degeneration of corticotrigeminal projections and marked denervation of the contralateral sensory trigeminal nuclei. Western blotting and real-time-PCR of homogenates of the contralateral trigeminal ganglion (TG) revealed consistent overexpression of growth proteins 15 days after left decortication in comparison with the ipsilateral side. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated marked overexpression of alpha-tyrosinated tubulin in the cells of the ganglion on the right side. Cytoskeletal changes were primarily observed in the small ganglionic neurons. Application of HRP-CT, WGA-HRP, and HRP to infraorbital nerves on both sides 15 days after left decortication showed a significant degree of terminal sprouting and neosynaptogenesis from right primary afferents at the level of the right caudalis and interpolaris trigeminal subnuclei. These observations suggest that the adaptive response of TG neurons to central deafferentation, leading to overcrowding and rearrangement of the trigeminal primary afferent terminals on V spinal subnuclei neurons, could represent the anatomical basis for distortion of facial modalities, perceived as allodynia and hyperalgesia, despite nerve integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi De Riu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Human Physiology Division, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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6
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Wiesendanger M. The pyramidal tract recent investigations on its morphology and function. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2007:72-136. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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7
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Schmidt RF. Presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate central nervous system. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 2006; 63:20-101. [PMID: 4397694 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0047741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Kemppainen P, Vaalamo I, Leppälä N, Pertovaara A. Changes in tooth pulpal detection and pain thresholds in relation to jaw movement in man. Arch Oral Biol 2001; 46:33-7. [PMID: 11163593 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of jaw movements on pulpal sensory thresholds to electrical stimulation was studied in healthy humans. The movements consisted of repeated jaw opening and closing at two different frequencies (1 and 3 s(-1)). The detection/perception and pain thresholds of an upper or lower central incisor were determined by stimulation with monopolar constant current pulses at two different durations (0.5 and 5.0 ms). In the absence of jaw movement, the control (baseline) pain threshold was significantly higher than the detection threshold, and both thresholds were significantly decreased with an increase of the stimulus pulse duration. During jaw movement, pulpal detection and pain thresholds were significantly elevated, independent of the duration of the stimulus pulse. The jaw movement-related increase in detection thresholds was significantly dependent on the rate of cyclical jaw movements and on the site of stimulation. An increase in pulpal sensory thresholds was observed with stimulation of the lower incisor only; there was no change in thresholds for the upper incisor. Pulpal detection thresholds were significantly more elevated during jaw movement than pulpal pain thresholds. The results indicate that the reduction in pulpal sensitivity is related to the jaw movements. The effect of jaw movement on pulpal detection thresholds was segmentally restricted. In contrast, modulation of the pulpal pain thresholds was considerably weaker. The jaw movement-related suppression of pulpal sensitivity may be explained by activation of segmental afferent-induced inhibition, corollary efferent barrage from motor to sensory areas, or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kemppainen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Spontaneous discharge and peripherally evoked orofacial responses of trigemino-thalamic tract neurons during wakefulness and sleep. J Neurosci 1997. [PMID: 8987840 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.16-24-08149.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, ongoing and evoked activity of antidromically identified trigemino-thalamic tract (TGT) neurons was examined over the sleep-wake cycle in cats. There was no difference in the mean spike discharge rate of TGT neurons when quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) were compared with wakefulness (W). However, tooth pulp-evoked responses of TGT neurons were decreased during AS when compared to W. Conversely, the responses of TGT neurons to air puff activation of facial hair mechanoreceptors reciprocally increased during AS when compared to W. The present data demonstrate that ascending sensory information emanating from distinct orofacial areas is differentially modified during the behavioral state of AS. Specifically, the results obtained suggest that during AS, sensory information arising from hair mechanoreceptors is enhanced, whereas information arising from tooth pulp afferents is suppressed. These data may provide functional evidence for an AS-related gate control mechanism of sensory outflow to higher brain centers.
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Kemppainen P, Leppänen H, Waltimo A, Pertovaara A. Effects of jaw clenching, jaw movement and static jaw position on facial skin sensitivity to non-painful electrical stimulation in man. Arch Oral Biol 1993; 38:303-8. [PMID: 8517802 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(93)90137-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of isometric jaw clenching, static jaw position and jaw movement on electrically evoked perception thresholds of the facial skin of the mental region were studied in healthy human subjects. Exercise consisted of brief (1 s) isometric contractions of jaw-closing muscles against a static load (30% of the maximum force), or continuous jaw movements at two different frequencies (1 and 3 Hz). A visual cue was used to indicate the start and end of the isometric exercise (duration 1 s.). Isometric jaw clenching induced a significant elevation of perception thresholds in the skin of the lower jaw just before and during the early electromyographic response of the jaw-closing muscles. This elevation was attenuated before the end of the exercise. Corresponding thresholds evoked by electrical stimulation applied to the dorsum of the hand were not changed by isometric jaw clenching. Changes in static jaw position did not have any effect on detection thresholds. Continuous 'masticatory-like' jaw movements produced a velocity-dependent reduction of sensitivity in the facial skin. The suppression was significantly stronger than that produced by isometric jaw exercise. An imagined isometric biting exercise, which presumably activated the supplementary motor cortex, did not cause any threshold elevations. The results indicate that isometric jaw clenching as well as cyclical jaw movements produce segmentally a phasic, rapidly attenuating masking of facial skin sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kemppainen
- Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Rossi A, Scarpini C. Gating of trigemino-facial reflex from low-threshold trigeminal and extratrigeminal cutaneous fibres in humans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55:774-80. [PMID: 1328539 PMCID: PMC1015100 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.9.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the size of the test components (R1 and R2) of the trigemino-facial reflex were studied after electrical subliminal conditioning stimulation were applied to the trigeminal, median and sural nerves. After conditioning activation of the trigeminal nerve (below the reflex threshold), the early R1 reflex component showed phasic facilitation, peaking at about 50 ms of interstimulus delay, followed by a long-lasting inhibition recovering at 300-400 ms. The same conditioning stimulation resulted in a monotonic inhibition of the late R2, starting at 15-20 ms, with a maximum at 100-150 ms and lasting 300-400 ms. Intensity threshold for both the R1 and R2 changes ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 times the perception threshold. A similar longlasting inhibition of the R2 reflex response was also seen after conditioning stimulation applied to low-threshold cutaneous afferents of the median and sural nerves. The minimum effective conditioning-test interval was 25-30 ms and 40-45 ms respectively and lasted 600-700 ms. By contrast the early R1 reflex response exhibited a slight long-lasting facilitation with a time course similar to that of the R2 inhibition. The threshold intensity to obtain facilitation of the R1 and inhibition of the R2 test responses after conditioning volley in the median and sural nerves was similar and ranged from 0.9 to 1.2 times the perception threshold. These results demonstrate that low-threshold cutaneous afferents from trigeminal and limb nerves exert powerful control on trigeminal reflex pathways, probably via a common neural substrate. There is evidence that, in addition to any post-synaptic mechanism which might be operating, presynaptic control is a primary factor contributing to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rossi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of Siena, Italy
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12
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Yokota T, Koyama N, Nishikawa Y, Nishikawa N, Nishida Y, Hasegawa A, Fujino Y. Trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the subnucleus reticularis ventralis. I. Response properties and afferent connections. Neurosci Res 1991; 11:1-17. [PMID: 1653918 DOI: 10.1016/0168-0102(91)90062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal nociceptive neurons within the subnucleus reticularis ventralis medullae oblongatae (SRV), which lies ventral to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and subnucleus reticularis dorsalis medullae oblongatae, were studied in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized cats and monkeys. These neurons were called 'SRV neurons'. They were almost regularly excited by pressure to the ipsilateral cornea or to both corneas at a strength well above the human corneal pain threshold. Most of them were activated by noxious mechanical stimulation of the pinna, face and/or tongue. A significant fraction of SRV units was responsive to tapping of the ipsilateral dorsum of the nose and/or electrical stimulation of tooth pulp afferents. Evidence was obtained that responses to tapping of the dorsum of the nose were due to mechanical distortion of the nasal mucosa. Intracellular injection of HRP into SRV neurons demonstrated that injected neurons were large neurons characteristic of the SRV. Trigeminal tractotomy just rostral to the obex did not eliminate responses of SRV units to trigeminal inputs. Neurons relaying trigeminal inputs to SRV neurons were electrophysiologically identified in the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis which is ventromedially adjacent to the subnuclei oralis and interpolaris of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. These findings were supported by HRP injection into the SRV. Units having receptive fields similar to those of SRV neurons were found in lamina VII of the first cervical cord, suggesting that SRV neurons may be trigeminal lamina VII neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokota
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shiga, Otsu, Japan
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13
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Lund JP. Mastication and its control by the brain stem. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1991; 2:33-64. [PMID: 1912143 DOI: 10.1177/10454411910020010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the patterns of mandibular movements that make up the whole sequence from ingestion to swallowing food, including the basic types of cycles and their phases. The roles of epithelial, periodontal, articular, and muscular receptors in the control of the movements are discussed. This is followed by a summary of our knowledge of the brain stem neurons that generate the basic pattern of mastication. It is suggested that the production of the rhythm, and of the opener and closer motoneuron bursts, are independent processes that are carried out by different groups of cells. After commenting on the relevant properties of the trigeminal and hypoglossal motoneurons, and of internuerons on the cortico-bulbar and reflex pathways, the way in which the pattern generating neurons modify sensory feedback is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lund
- Department de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Sunada T, Kurasawa I, Hirose Y, Nakamura Y. Intracellular response properties of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus to peripheral and cortical stimulation in the cat. Brain Res 1990; 514:189-97. [PMID: 2357536 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91415-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The responses of the secondary neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis (STNo) were recorded intracellularly to peripheral and cortical stimulation in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal sensory nerves (the frontal, infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves) evoked an EPSP superimposed by one or a few spikes followed by a biphasic IPSP in one group of STNo neurons (Type I), and a prolonged EPSP superimposed by a burst of spikes in the other group of STNo neurons (Type II). Nearly half of Type I neurons were trigeminothalamic neurons projecting to the contralateral ventral posteromedial nucleus, while the remaining Type I and all the Type II neurons were non-projection neurons. A majority of Type I neurons responded with spike potentials to stimulation of only one sensory nerve, while most Type II neurons responded to stimulation of more than one nerve. Stimulation of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex evoked IPSPs in most Type I projection neurons, and EPSPs in all Type II as well as most Type I non-projection neurons. In Type I neurons touch or pressure applied to a circumscribed area in the facial skin evoked an EPSP superimposed by one or a few spikes followed by a biphasic IPSP, and IPSPs were evoked from a wide surrounding area in the face by the same mechanical stimulation. In Type II neurons innocuous mechanical stimulation within a wide area evoked an EPSP, while IPSPs could not be induced from anywhere. The results indicate that postsynaptic inhibition is involved in the surround inhibition as well as corticofugal descending inhibition of sensory transmission in the trigeminal sensory nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sunada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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15
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Kanosue K, Nakayama T, Andrew PD, Shen Z, Sato M. Neuronal activities in ventrobasal complex of thalamus and in trigeminal main sensory nucleus during EEG desynchronization in anesthetized rats. Brain Res 1986; 379:90-7. [PMID: 2874867 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activities of somatosensory relay neurons responding to orofacial mechanical stimulation were examined in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus (VB) and in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (MSN) during EEG desynchronization in urethane-anesthetized rats. EEG desynchronization was induced by scrotal warming in a temperature range of 35-40 degrees C. Responses of most VB neurons to receptive-field stimulation were augmented during EEG desynchronization, when compared to responses during synchronization. Spontaneous activity of VB neurons also increased with EEG desynchronization. Responses of MSN neurons to receptive-field stimulation did not change appreciably when the EEG pattern was altered. If a VB neuron was induced by iontophoretic application of glutamate to fire at the same rate as seen during EEG desynchronization, a similar increased response to receptive-field stimuli was also observed. The augmented response of the VB neuron during desynchronization may thus have resulted from increased excitability of the neuron itself.
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Davis KD, Dostrovsky JO. Modulatory influences of red nucleus stimulation on the somatosensory responses of cat trigeminal subnucleus oralis neurons. Exp Neurol 1986; 91:80-101. [PMID: 3940882 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(86)90028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the effect of red nucleus (RN) stimulation on somatosensory neurons despite its known anatomic projections to somatosensory relay nuclei. The effect of RN stimulation on the somatosensory responses of trigeminal subnucleus oralis (Vo) neurons was investigated in chloralose- or barbiturate-anesthetized cats. Arrays of bipolar stimulating electrodes were inserted into the contralateral and ipsilateral RN and the contralateral thalamus. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained in Vo with tungsten microelectrodes. Neurons in Vo were excited to just suprathreshold by electrical stimulation within their receptive fields. Red nucleus influences were studied by applying 100-ms, 500-Hz conditioning trains to the contralateral or ipsilateral RN 130 ms prior to the peripheral test stimulus. The effect of RN stimulation was also tested on mechanically evoked responses of Vo cells. The somatosensory responses of most cells (70/73) were inhibited after RN stimulation. Some of these cells (15/70) could be antidromically activated from the contralateral thalamus. Stimulation of the RN resulted in excitation followed by inhibition in nine Vo cells. The results suggest that the RN may modulate transmission of somatosensory information through Vo.
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Nishikawa N, Yokota T. The morphology of trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the caudal bulbar lateral reticular formation of the cat. Brain Res 1985; 347:166-8. [PMID: 4052798 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two types of trigeminal nociceptive neurons, i.e. subnucleus reticularis ventralis (SRV) and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were identified in the caudal bulbar lateral reticular formation (LRF) and intracellularly stained with horseradish peroxidase. SRV neurons were large neurons characteristic of the subnucleus reticularis ventralis. Their dendrites were confined to the LRF. WDR neurons were situated in the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis. Their dendrites penetrated into the magnocellular layer, but did not reach the substantia gelatinosa.
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18
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Modulating effect of the second somatosensory apea of the cortex to electroacupuncture effects in the trigeminal nuclei. Bull Exp Biol Med 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00839394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Woolston DC, La Londe JR, Gibson JM. Corticofugal influences in the rat on responses of neurons in the trigeminal nucleus interpolaris to mechanical stimulation. Neurosci Lett 1983; 36:43-8. [PMID: 6856202 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We recorded effects of electrical stimulation of sensorimotor cortex on the responses of 45 neurons in the interpolar trigeminal nucleus to mechanical stimulation of vibrissae. Responses elicited by peripheral mechanical stimulation were enhanced when a neuron's receptive field (RF) included the RF of the cortical stimulating locus, and suppressed when the RFs of the cortical site and the interpolar neuron did not overlap. Several interpolaris neurons influenced by cortical stimulation were shown to project to the cerebellum.
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21
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Dunn RC, Tolbert DL. The corticotrigeminal projection in the cat. A study of the organization of cortical projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Brain Res 1982; 240:13-25. [PMID: 6284314 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The projection from the cerebral cortex to the spinal trigeminal nucleus has been studied light microscopically in adult cats. Both orthograde degeneration and orthograde intra-axonal labeling techniques have been applied. Our results indicate that the projection from the coronal gyrus (face area of primary somatosensory cortex) to the spinal trigeminal complex is somatotopically organized. In subnucleus caudalis this somatotopy is organized dorsoventrally and appears to match the somatotopic distribution of the divisional trigeminal afferents. Hence cortical fibers originating from the posterior coronal gyrus (upper representation) project ventrolaterally into caudalis where division I trigeminal afferents terminate. Likewise cortical fibers from the anterior coronal gyrus (jaw and tongue representation) terminate dorsomedially in caudalis to overlap with division III trigeminal afferents. In contrast, the distribution of corticofugal afferents to the rostral spinal trigeminal subnuclei (pars interpolaris and oralis) is organized mediolaterally. Therefore in these subnuclei the cortical projection does not appear to overlap the dorsoventral lamination of the divisional trigeminal afferents. In addition, our results suggest that the cortical projection to subnucleus caudalis includes fibers which terminate in the marginal zone (lamina I) and its extensions into the spinal trigeminal tract (the interstitial cells of Cajal). We have been unable to document a projection from the proreate gyrus to the spinal trigeminal complex.
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22
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Wessolossky JL, Mizuno N, Clemente CD. Effects of orbital cortical stimulation on facial motoneurons in the cat. Exp Neurol 1979; 66:343-55. [PMID: 488226 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(79)90085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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van Steenberghe D. The structure and function of periodontal innervation. A review of the literature. J Periodontal Res 1979; 14:185-203. [PMID: 158078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1979.tb00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Macon JB. Neuronal responses to amino acid iontophoresis in the deafferented spinal trigeminal nucleus. Exp Neurol 1978; 60:522-40. [PMID: 28244 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(78)90008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Schvarcz JR. Postherpetic craniofacial dysaesthesiae: their management by stereotaxic trigeminal nucleotomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1977; 38:65-72. [PMID: 899896 DOI: 10.1007/bf01401543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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27
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Sasa M, Munekiyo K, Takaori S. Dorsal raphe stimulation produces inhibitory effect on trigeminal nucleus neurons. Brain Res 1976; 101:199-207. [PMID: 1244968 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of conditioning stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) on the neuron activity in the rostral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) were studied in cats for the purpose of comparison with the inhibition induced by locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation. DR conditioning stimulation reduced the orthodromic field potential in STN elicited by inferior alveolar nerve stimulation, and enhanced the antidromic field potential in the trigeminal nerve evoked by STN stimulation; but the inhibitory effects of DR stimulation were considerably weaker than those of LC stimulation. In tracking experiments near the raphe nucleus, conditioning stimulation of DR itself produced the most pronounced decrease in the STN field potential. Orthodromic spike number of STN relay neurons was significantly reduced by DR conditioning stimulation; however, the threshold for the conditioning stimulus to the DR was much higher than that to the LC. Antidromic spike generation of the STN neurons was unaltered by conditioning stimulation of both DR and LC. DR stimulation elicited a field potential in STN, which followed high frequency stimuli up to 200 HZ. A single fiber action potential was also obtained in STN by DR stimulation. STN stimulation produced a field potential in DR, which followed high frequency stimuli. It is suggested from these findings that conditioning stimulation of DR produces a direct inhibition of transmission in STN neurons; however, this stimulation has less effect on these neurons than does stimulation of the LC.
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Goldberg LJ, Browne PA. Differences in the excitability of two populations of trigeminal primary afferent central terminals. Brain Res 1974; 77:195-209. [PMID: 4851377 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cortical control of the jaw opening reflex in the cat. Brain Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nord SG, Ross GS. Responses of trigeminal units in the monkey bulbar lateral reticular formation to noxious and non-noxious stimulation of the face: experimental and theoretical considerations. Brain Res 1973; 58:385-99. [PMID: 4202035 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Curry MJ. The effects of stimulating the somatic sensory cortex on single neurones in the posterior group (PO) of the cat. Brain Res 1972; 44:463-81. [PMID: 4342443 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sauerland EK, Velluti RA, Harper RM. Cortically induced changes of presynaptic excitability in higher-order auditory afferents. Exp Neurol 1972; 36:79-87. [PMID: 4558415 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(72)90137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rosén I. Projection of forelimb group I muscle afferents to the cat cerebral cortex. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1972; 15:1-25. [PMID: 4347727 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Moyano HF, Brooks CM. Presynaptic depolarization of olfactory afferent fibers in cat prepyriform cortex. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:399-401. [PMID: 4325648 DOI: 10.1007/bf02137273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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McKenzie JS, Gilbert DM, Rogers DK. Hippocampal and neostriatal inhibition of extralemniscal thalamic unitary responses in the cat. Brain Res 1971; 27:382-5. [PMID: 5552180 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dubner R, Sessle BJ. Presynaptic excitability changes of primary afferent and corticofugal fibers projecting to trigeminal brain stem nuclei. Exp Neurol 1971; 30:223-38. [PMID: 5547251 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(71)80003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Westrum LE, Black RG. Fine structural aspects of the synaptic organization of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars interpolaris) of the cat. Brain Res 1971; 25:265-87. [PMID: 4925762 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nakamura Y, Wu CY. Presynaptic inhibition of jaw-opening reflex by high threshold afferents from the masseter muscle of the cat. Brain Res 1970; 23:193-211. [PMID: 4248966 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(70)90039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Limanskii YP, Gura EV. Corticofugal influences on neurons of the main trigeminal sensory nucleus. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01064540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gobel S, Dubner R. Fine structural studies of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus in the cat and rat. J Comp Neurol 1969; 137:459-93. [PMID: 5361245 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901370405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wiesendanger M, Felix D. Pyramidal excitation of lemniscal neurons and facilitation of sensory transmission in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat. Exp Neurol 1969; 25:1-17. [PMID: 4309456 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(69)90067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sauerland EK, Mizuno N. Cortically induced presynaptic inhibition of trigeminal proprioceptive afferents. Brain Res 1969; 13:556-68. [PMID: 5772435 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nord SG, Kyler HJ. A single unit analysis of trigeminal projections to bulbar reticular nuclei of the rat. J Comp Neurol 1968; 134:485-94. [PMID: 5721161 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901340407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Elektrophysiologische Untersuchung von peripheren, corticalen und thalamischen Verbindungen zu Neuronen der bulb�ren Trigeminuskerne der Katze. Pflugers Arch 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00362589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dubner R. Interaction of peripheral and central input in the main sensory trigeminal nucleus of the cat. Exp Neurol 1967; 17:186-202. [PMID: 6018356 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(67)90144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ochs S. Regional physiology of the central nervous system. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1967; 22:52-96. [PMID: 4971845 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9662-6.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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