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Chacon PFS, Hammer M, Wochner I, Walter JR, Schmitt S. A physiologically enhanced muscle spindle model: using a Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers as template for intrafusal fibers. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38126259 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2293652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The muscle spindle is an essential proprioceptor, significantly involved in sensing limb position and movement. Although biological spindle models exist for years, the gold-standard for motor control in biomechanics are still sensors built of homogenized spindle output models due to their simpler combination with neuro-musculoskeletal models. Aiming to improve biomechanical simulations, this work establishes a more physiological model of the muscle spindle, aligned to the advantage of easy integration into large-scale musculoskeletal models. We implemented four variations of a spindle model in Matlab/Simulink®: the Mileusnic et al. (2006) model, Mileusnic model without mass, our enhanced Hill-type model, and our enhanced Hill-type model with parallel damping element (PDE). Different stretches in the intrafusal fibers were simulated in all model variations following the spindle afferent recorded in previous experiments in feline soleus muscle. Additionally, the enhanced Hill-type models had their parameters extensively optimized to match the experimental conditions, and the resulting model was validated against data from rats' triceps surae muscle. As result, the Mileusnic models present a better overall performance generating the afferent firings compared to the common data evaluated. However, the enhanced Hill-type model with PDE exhibits a more stable performance than the original Mileusnic model, at the same time that presents a well-tuned Hill-type model as muscle spindle fibers, and also accounts for real sarcomere force-length and force-velocity aspects. Finally, our activation dynamics is similar to the one applied to Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers, making our proposed model more easily integrated in multi-body simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F S Chacon
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Hammer
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabell Wochner
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes R Walter
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Syn Schmitt
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Roach C, Love C, Allen T, Proske U. The contribution of muscle spindles to position sense measured with three different methods. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2433-2450. [PMID: 37653105 PMCID: PMC10520194 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The sense of limb position is important, because it is believed to contribute to our sense of self-awareness. Muscle spindles, including both primary and secondary endings of spindles, are thought to be the principal position sensors. Passive spindles possess a property called thixotropy which allows their sensitivity to be manipulated. Here, thixotropic patterns of position errors have been studied with three commonly used methods of measurement of position sense. The patterns of errors have been used as indicators of the influence exerted by muscle spindles on a measured value of position sense. In two-arm matching, the blindfolded participant indicates the location of one arm by placement of the other. In one-arm pointing, the participant points to the perceived position of their other, hidden arm. In repositioning, one of the blindfolded participant's arms is placed at a chosen angle and they are asked to remember its position and then, after a delay, reproduce the position. The three methods were studied over the full range of elbow angles between 5° (elbow extension) and 125° (elbow flexion). Different outcomes were achieved with each method; in two-arm matching, position errors were symmetrical about zero and thixotropic influences were large, while in one-arm pointing, errors were biased towards extension. In repositioning, thixotropic effects were small. We conclude that each of the methods of measuring position sense comprises different mixes of peripheral and central influences. This will have to be taken into consideration by the clinician diagnosing disturbances in position sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Roach
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher Love
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Allen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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3
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Li L, Li YX, Zhang CL, Zhang DH. Recovery of pinch force sense after short-term fatigue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9429. [PMID: 37296199 PMCID: PMC10256726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the exact origin of force sense and identify whether it arises centrally or peripherally. The present study was designed to analyze the effects of short-term fatigue on pinch force sense and the duration of these effects. During the fatigue protocol, twenty (10 men and 10 women; Mage = 22.0 years old) young Chinese participants were asked to squeeze maximally until the pinch grip force decreased to 50% of its maximal due to fatigue. Participants were instructed to produce the target force (10% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction) using the same hand before and after fatigue (immediately, 10, 30, 60, 180, 300 s). The results showed significantly higher absolute error immediately after fatigue (1.22 ± 1.06 N) than before fatigue (0.68 ± 0.34 N), and 60 s (0.76 ± 0.69 N), 180 s (0.67 ± 0.42 N), and 300 s (0.75 ± 0.37 N) after fatigue (all P < 0.05) but with no effect on the variable error (P > 0.05). It was also revealed that there was a significant overestimate of the constant error values before (0.32 ± 0.61 N) and immediately after fatigue (0.80 ± 1.38 N, all P < 0.05), while no significant overestimation or underestimation exceeded 300 s after fatigue (P > 0.05). Our study results revealed that short-term fatigue resulted in a significant decrease in force sense accuracy, but it did not affect force sense consistently; however, force sense accuracy recovered to a certain extent within 10 s and 30 s, whereas it recovered fully within 60 s, and force sense directivity improvement exceeded 300 s after fatigue. The present study shows that the sense of tension (peripherally) is also an important factor affecting force sense. Our study supports the view that the periphery is part of the origin of force sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China.
| | - Chong-Long Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China
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4
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Li L, Li S. Grip force makes wrist joint position sense worse. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1193937. [PMID: 37323932 PMCID: PMC10264640 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1193937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate how grip force affects wrist joint position sense. Methods Twenty-two healthy participants (11 men and 11 women) underwent an ipsilateral wrist joint reposition test at 2 distinct grip forces [0 and 15% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)] and 6 different wrist positions (pronation 24°, supination 24°, radial deviation 16°, ulnar deviation 16°, extension 32°, and flexion 32°). Results The findings demonstrated significantly elevated absolute error values at 15% MVIC (3.8 ± 0.3°) than at 0% MVIC grip force [3.1 ± 0.2°, t(20) = 2.303, P = 0.032]. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that there was significantly worse proprioceptive accuracy at 15% MVIC than at 0% MVIC grip force. These results may contribute to a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying wrist joint injuries, the development of preventative measures to lower the risk of injuries, and the best possible design of engineering or rehabilitation devices.
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Abstract
The generation of an internal body model and its continuous update is essential in sensorimotor control. Although known to rely on proprioceptive sensory feedback, the underlying mechanism that transforms this sensory feedback into a dynamic body percept remains poorly understood. However, advances in the development of genetic tools for proprioceptive circuit elements, including the sensory receptors, are beginning to offer new and unprecedented leverage to dissect the central pathways responsible for proprioceptive encoding. Simultaneously, new data derived through emerging bionic neural machine-interface technologies reveal clues regarding the relative importance of kinesthetic sensory feedback and insights into the functional proprioceptive substrates that underlie natural motor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Marasco
- Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joriene C de Nooij
- Department of Neurology and the Columbia University Motor Neuron Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA;
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6
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Prado A, Agrawal SK. Effects of Localized Leg Muscle Vibration Timed to Gait Cycle Percentage During Overground Walking. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3181415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Prado
- Robotics and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil K. Agrawal
- Robotics and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Weber B, Proske U. Limb position sense and sensorimotor performance under conditions of weightlessness. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 32:63-69. [PMID: 35065762 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of the current state of knowledge of the effects of weightlessness on human proprioception. Two aspects have been highlighted: the sense of limb position and performance in sensorimotor tasks. For the sense of position, an important consideration is that there probably exists more than one sense: one measured in a blindfolded, two-limb position matching task, the other, by pointing to the perceived position of a hidden limb. There is evidence that these two senses are supported by distinct central projection pathways. When assessing the effects of weightlessness this must be considered. Whether there is a role for vestibular influences on position sense during changes in gravitational forces is an issue for future experiments. A consideration that has proved helpful for the study of sensorimotor tasks under conditions of weightlessness is to examine the performance of subjects who have lost their proprioceptive senses, either congenitally, or later in life, as a result of disease. In weightlessness, normal subjects appear to have particular difficulties with feedback-controlled tasks. A major factor is the influence of vision on performance. In addition, the stress of working in a weightless environment leads to additional cognitive load, making the execution of even simple everyday tasks difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Weber
- Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany.
| | - Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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8
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Kim H, Asbeck AT. Just noticeable differences for elbow joint torque feedback. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23553. [PMID: 34876618 PMCID: PMC8651665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint torque feedback is a new and promising means of kinesthetic feedback imposed by a wearable device. The torque feedback provides the wearer temporal and spatial information during a motion task. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on quantifying the psychophysical parameters of how well humans can perceive external torques under various joint conditions. This study aims to investigate the just noticeable difference (JND) perceptual ability of the elbow joint to joint torques. The paper focuses on the ability of two primary joint proprioceptors, the Golgi-tendon organ (GTO) and muscle spindle (MS), to detect elbow torques, since touch and pressure sensors were masked. We studied 14 subjects while the arm was isometrically contracted (static condition) and was moving at a constant speed (dynamic condition). In total there were 10 joint conditions investigated, which varied the direction of the arm's movement and the preload direction as well as torque direction. The JND torques under static conditions ranged from 0.097 Nm with no preload to 0.197 Nm with a preload of 1.28 Nm. The maximum dynamic JND torques were 0.799 Nm and 0.428 Nm, when the arm was flexing and extending at 213 degrees per second, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kim
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alan T Asbeck
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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9
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Banks RW, Ellaway PH, Prochazka A, Proske U. Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2339-2366. [PMID: 34676617 DOI: 10.1113/ep089826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We describe the structure and function of secondary sensory endings of muscle spindles, their reflex action and role in motor control and proprioception. What advances does it highlight? In most mammalian skeletal muscles, secondary endings of spindles are more or much more numerous than primary endings but are much less well studied. By focusing on secondary endings in this review, we aim to redress the balance, draw attention to what is not known and stimulate future research. ABSTRACT Kinaesthesia and the control of bodily movement rely heavily on the sensory input from muscle spindles. Hundreds of these sensory structures are embedded in mammalian muscles. Each spindle has one or more sensory endings and its own complement of small muscle fibres that are activated by the CNS via fusimotor neurons, providing efferent control of sensory responses. Exactly how the CNS wields this influence remains the subject of much fascination and debate. There are two types of sensory endings, primary and secondary, with differing development, morphology, distribution and responsiveness. Spindle primary endings have received more attention than secondaries, although the latter usually outnumber them. This review focuses on the secondary endings. Their location within the spindle, their response properties, the projection of their afferents within the CNS and their reflex actions all suggest that secondaries have certain separate roles from the primaries in proprioception and motor control. Specifically, spindle secondaries seem more adapted than primaries to signalling slow and maintained changes in the relative position of bodily segments, thereby contributing to position sense, postural control and static limb positioning. By highlighting, in this way, the roles of secondary endings, a final aim of the review is to broaden understanding of muscle spindles more generally and of the important contributions they make to both sensory and motor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Banks
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Peter H Ellaway
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arthur Prochazka
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Uwe Proske
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Two senses of human limb position: methods of measurement and roles in proprioception. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3157-3174. [PMID: 34482421 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The sense of position of the body and its limbs is a proprioceptive sense. Proprioceptors are concerned with monitoring the body's own actions. Position sense is important because it is believed to contribute to our self-awareness. This review discusses recent developments in the debate about the sources of peripheral afferent signals contributing to position sense and describes different methods of measurement of position sense under conditions where vision does not participate. These include pointing to or verbal reporting of the perceived position of a hidden body part, alignment of one body part with the perceived position of another, or using memory-based repositioning tasks. The evidence suggests that there are at least two different mechanisms involved in the generation of position sense, mechanisms using different central processing pathways. The principal sensory receptor responsible for position sense is believed to be the muscle spindle. One criterion for identifying mechanism is whether position sense can be manipulated by controlled changes in spindle discharge rates. Position sense measured in two-limb matching is altered in a predictable way by such changes, while values for pointing and verbal reporting remain unresponsive. It is proposed that in two-limb matching the sensation generated is limb position in postural space. In pointing or verbal reporting, information is provided about limb position in extrapersonal space. Here vision is believed to play a role. The evidence suggests that we are aware, at the same time, of sensations of limb position in postural space as well as in extrapersonal space.
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11
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Chen B, Allen T, Proske U. Position sense at the human forearm over a range of elbow angles. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:675-686. [PMID: 33388906 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ten adult participants carried out two experiments on position sense at the forearm, one a two-arm matching task, the other a one-arm pointing task. For matching, both forearms were strapped to paddles which moved in the vertical plane between 0° and 90°. At the start of each trial, the arms were conditioned with a contraction sequence to control for the thixotropic property of muscle and muscle spindles. In the matching task, the blindfolded participant moved their indicator arm from 45° into flexion or extension to match the position of the reference arm placed at one of five test angles, between 5° and 85°. In the pointing task, only the reference arm was strapped to a paddle and conditioned. Participants indicated the position of the arm, hidden by a screen, by moving a pointer paddle or choosing one of a series of trajectory lines drawn on the screen. In matching, where test angles were in the direction of flexion of 45°, errors were small; in the direction of extension larger errors were made, up to 8° into flexion. In pointing trials, except at the most extended position, all errors lay in the direction of extension. It is argued that position sense by matching is concerned with the relative positions of the body and its parts, position sense by pointing gives information about position of the body and limbs in external space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Allen
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia.
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12
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Reynolds RF, Smith CP, Yang R, Griffin R, Dunn A, McAllister C. Effects of calf muscle conditioning upon ankle proprioception. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236731. [PMID: 32866151 PMCID: PMC7458279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle proprioception is crucial for balance and relies upon accurate input from calf muscle spindles. Spindle input, in turn, depends upon the physiological and mechanical properties of surrounding muscle tissue. Altering these properties could affect ankle proprioception, with potential consequences for balance. Here we determine the effects of prior muscle cooling, stretch and contraction upon performance of a contralateral ankle joint matching task. Participants stood passively leaning against a board oriented 22° rearward from vertical. Their right ankle was rotated to a randomised position between ± 6° plantar/dorsiflexion. The task was to align the left ankle to the same position, without vision. In the first experiment, immediately prior to each testing session, participants either produced a strong calf muscle contraction in a fully plantarflexed (tiptoe) posture or underwent 15° dorsiflexion stretch. Contraction had no effect on task performance, whereas stretch produced a significant bias in ankle placement of 0.89 ± 0.6°, indicating that participants perceived their foot to be more plantarflexed compared to a control condition. In the second experiment, the right lower leg was cooled in iced water (≤ 5°C) for 10 minutes. Cooling increased joint matching error by ~0.4°, through a combination of increased bias and variability. These results confirm that conditioning the triceps surae muscles can alter perception of ankle joint position. Since body movement during quiet stance is in the order of 1°, the magnitude of these changes are relevant for balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F. Reynolds
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Craig P. Smith
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rufei Yang
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Griffin
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Dunn
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig McAllister
- The School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Glowania C, Plaisier MA, Ernst MO, Van Dam LCJ. No need to touch this: Bimanual haptic slant adaptation does not require touch. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236824. [PMID: 32735569 PMCID: PMC7394449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In our daily life, we often interact with objects using both hands raising the question the question to what extent information between the hands is shared. It has, for instance, been shown that curvature adaptation aftereffects can transfer from the adapted hand to the non-adapted hand. However, this transfer only occurred for dynamic exploration, e.g. by moving a single finger over a surface, but not for static exploration when keeping static contact with the surface and combining the information from different parts of the hand. This raises the question to what extent adaptation to object shape is shared between the hands when both hands are used in static fashion simultaneously and the object shape estimates require information from both hands. Here we addressed this question in three experiments using a slant adaptation paradigm. In Experiment 1 we investigated whether an aftereffect of static bimanual adaptation occurs at all and whether it transfers to conditions in which one hand was moving. In Experiment 2 participants adapted either to a felt slanted surface or simply be holding their hands in mid-air at similar positions, to investigate to what extent the effects of static bimanual adaptation are posture-based rather than object based. Experiment 3 further explored the idea that bimanual adaptation is largely posture based. We found that bimanual adaptation using static touch did lead to aftereffects when using the same static exploration mode for testing. However, the aftereffect did not transfer to any exploration mode that included a dynamic component. Moreover, we found similar aftereffects both with and without a haptic surface. Thus, we conclude that static bimanual adaptation is of proprioceptive nature and does not occur at the level at which the object is represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Glowania
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department and Cognitive Interaction Technology—Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Myrthe A. Plaisier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dynamics & Control group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc O. Ernst
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department and Cognitive Interaction Technology—Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Loes C. J. Van Dam
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department and Cognitive Interaction Technology—Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Djajadikarta ZJ, Gandevia SC, Taylor JL. Age has no effect on ankle proprioception when movement history is controlled. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1365-1372. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00741.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that proprioceptive ability deteriorates with age, although not all data support this view. We tested proprioception using three reliable tests at the ankle in 80 adults (19–80 yr). For all tests, the effects of muscle thixotropy were controlled. Under these conditions, we found no difference in proprioceptive acuity between young and old people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet L. Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Naderi A, Rezvani MH, Degens H. Foam Rolling and Muscle and Joint Proprioception After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. J Athl Train 2019; 55:58-64. [PMID: 31855077 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-459-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Foam rolling (FR) is considered an effective postexercise modality for reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness and enhancing recovery of muscle function. However, the effects of FR on muscle and joint proprioception have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of FR on muscle and joint proprioception after an intense exercise protocol. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University-based laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 80 healthy, physically active male students were randomly assigned to either the FR (n = 40; age = 22.8 ± 3.3 years, height = 176.4 ± 5.3 cm, mass = 74.2 ± 6.4 kg) or passive-recovery (PR; n = 40; age = 23.0 ± 3.2 years, height = 178.1 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 74.6 ± 6.2 kg) group. INTERVENTION(S) Participants in both groups performed 4 sets of 25 repetitions of voluntary maximal eccentric contractions at 60°/s from 20° to 100° of knee flexion to induce exercise-induced muscle damage. The exercise was followed by either PR or 2 minutes of FR immediately (1 hour) and 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Muscle soreness, pressure-pain threshold, quadriceps-muscle strength, joint position sense, isometric force sense, and threshold to detect passive movement at baseline and immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise after FR. RESULTS Foam rolling resulted in decreased muscle pain, increased pressure-pain threshold, improved joint position sense, attenuated force loss, and reduced threshold to detect passive movement compared with PR at 24 and 48 hours postexercise. CONCLUSIONS Foam rolling postexercise diminished delayed-onset muscle soreness and improved recovery of muscle strength and joint proprioception. These results suggested that FR enhanced recovery from exercise-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynollah Naderi
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rezvani
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom and Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas
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16
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Exercise, fatigue and proprioception: a retrospective. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2447-2459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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The neural basis of the senses of effort, force and heaviness. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:589-599. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The kinesthetic senses are the senses of position and movement of the body, senses we are aware of only on introspection. A method used to study kinesthesia is muscle vibration, which engages afferents of muscle spindles to trigger illusions of movement and changed position. When vibrating elbow flexors, it generates sensations of forearm extension, when vibrating extensors, sensations of forearm flexion. Vibrating the elbow joint produces no illusion. Vibrating flexors and extensors together at the same frequency also produces no illusion, because what is perceived is the signal difference between antagonist muscles of each arm and between arms. The size of the illusion depends on how the muscle has been conditioned beforehand, due to a property of muscle called thixotropy. When measuring the illusion, blindfolded subjects may carry out a matching or pointing task. In pointing, signals from muscle spindles are less important than in matching. Afferent signals from kinesthetic receptors project to areas of somatosensory cortex to generate sensations of detection and location. This is referred to the body model, which provides information about size and shape of body parts. Kinesthesia, together with vision and touch, is associated with the sense of body ownership. All three can combine or each, on its own, can generate ownership. Related is the sense of agency, the sense of being responsible for one's own actions. In recent times, much progress has been made using neuroimaging techniques to identify the various areas of the brain likely to be responsible for generating these sensations. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1157-1183, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon C Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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De Havas J, Ito S, Haggard P, Gomi H. Low Gain Servo Control During the Kohnstamm Phenomenon Reveals Dissociation Between Low-Level Control Mechanisms for Involuntary vs. Voluntary Arm Movements. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 29899692 PMCID: PMC5988889 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kohnstamm phenomenon is a prolonged involuntary aftercontraction following a sustained voluntary isometric muscle contraction. The control principles of the Kohnstamm have been investigated using mechanical perturbations, but previous studies could not dissociate sensorimotor responses to perturbation from effects of gravity. We induced a horizontal, gravity-independent Kohnstamm movement around the shoulder joint, and applied resistive or assistive torques of 0.5 Nm after 20° angular displacement. A No perturbation control condition was included. Further, participants made velocity-matched voluntary movements, with or without similar perturbations, yielding a 2 × 3 factorial design. Resistive perturbations produced an increase in agonist electromyography (EMG), in both Kohnstamm and voluntary movements, while assistive perturbations produced a decrease. While overall Kohnstamm EMGs were greater than voluntary EMGs, the EMG responses to perturbation, when expressed as a percentage of unperturbed EMG activity, were significantly smaller during Kohnstamm movements than during voluntary movements. The results suggest that the Kohnstamm aftercontraction involves a central drive, coupled with low-gain servo control by a negative feedback loop between afferent input and a central motor command. The combination of strong efferent drive with low reflex gain may characterize involuntary control of postural muscles. Our results question traditional accounts involving purely reflexive mechanisms of postural maintenance. They also question existing high-gain, peripheral accounts of the Kohnstamm phenomenon, as well as accounts involving a central adaptation interacting with muscle receptors via a positive force feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack De Havas
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
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20
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Stubbs PW, Walsh LD, D'Souza A, Héroux ME, Bolsterlee B, Gandevia SC, Herbert RD. History-dependence of muscle slack length following contraction and stretch in the human vastus lateralis. J Physiol 2018; 596:2121-2129. [PMID: 29604053 DOI: 10.1113/jp275527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In reduced muscle preparations, the slack length and passive stiffness of muscle fibres have been shown to be influenced by previous muscle contraction or stretch. In human muscles, such behaviours have been inferred from measures of muscle force, joint stiffness and reflex magnitudes and latencies. Using ultrasound imaging, we directly observed that isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis muscle at short lengths reduces the slack lengths of the muscle-tendon unit and muscle fascicles. The effect is apparent 60 s after the contraction. These observations imply that muscle contraction at short lengths causes the formation of bonds which reduce the effective length of structures that generate passive tension in muscles. ABSTRACT In reduced muscle preparations, stretch and muscle contraction change the properties of relaxed muscle fibres. In humans, effects of stretch and contraction on properties of relaxed muscles have been inferred from measurements of time taken to develop force, joint stiffness and reflex latencies. The current study used ultrasound imaging to directly observe the effects of stretch and contraction on muscle-tendon slack length and fascicle slack length of the human vastus lateralis muscle in vivo. The muscle was conditioned by (a) strong isometric contractions at long muscle-tendon lengths, (b) strong isometric contractions at short muscle-tendon lengths, (c) weak isometric contractions at long muscle-tendon lengths and (d) slow stretches. One minute after conditioning, ultrasound images were acquired from the relaxed muscle as it was slowly lengthened through its physiological range. The ultrasound image sequences were used to identify muscle-tendon slack angles and fascicle slack lengths. Contraction at short muscle-tendon lengths caused a mean 13.5 degree (95% CI 11.8-15.0 degree) shift in the muscle-tendon slack angle towards shorter muscle-tendon lengths, and a mean 5 mm (95% CI 2-8 mm) reduction in fascicle slack length, compared to the other conditions. A supplementary experiment showed the effect could be demonstrated if the muscle was conditioned by contraction at short lengths but not if the relaxed muscle was held at short lengths, confirming the role of muscle contraction. These observations imply that muscle contraction at short lengths causes the formation of bonds which reduce the effective length of structures that generate passive tension in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stubbs
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Hammel Neurorehabilitation and Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lee D Walsh
- Platypus Technical Consultants Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia
| | - Arkiev D'Souza
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin E Héroux
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Bart Bolsterlee
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon C Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert D Herbert
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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21
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Repeated end range spinal movement while seated abolishes the proprioceptive deficit induced by prolonged flexed sitting posture. A study assessing the statistical and clinical significance of spinal position sense. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017. [PMID: 28624723 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained spinal flexion has been proposed to affect the properties of spinal tissues, increase postural muscle's activation latency and act detrimentally on proprioception. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of flexed posture (FP) on spinal proprioception and assessed the immediate effect of spinal movement on the presumable flexion-induced proprioceptive deficit. DESIGN Clinical measurement study. METHODS Marker-based kinematic analyses of the head, spine, and pelvis were conducted on 50 individuals. Subjects were educated in a lordotic sitting posture (IOSP) that they reproduced immediately; after 10 and 30 min in FP; and after sagittal spinal movement. Nine sagittal angles were calculated. Absolute error (AE) and constant error (CE) were used to evaluate repositioning accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in angles obtained among postures, as well as for the AE and CE calculated from the trials. RESULTS No significant differences were found in reposition error (RE) after immediate reproduction of IOSP (all p > 0.0083). Following FP AEs presented significant differences for head (4.1°), head protraction (1.9°), head tilt (2.1°), lumbar (3.2°) and pelvis angle (2.1°). CEs revealed significant differences for head protraction (-1.8°) and lumbar angle (-3.5°). No significant differences were found for AE and CE after spinal sagittal movement (all p > 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged FP can affect spinal position sense, but sagittal spinal movement can abolish the proprioceptive deficit. The significant differences documented, may be of limited clinical utility given their magnitude, and the reliability data presented may be of use in reinterpreting previously documented proprioceptive analyses.
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22
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Marini F, Contu S, Antuvan CW, Morasso P, Masia L. The Influence of External Forces on Wrist Proprioception. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:440. [PMID: 28912703 PMCID: PMC5583607 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioception combines information from cutaneous, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors for maintaining a reliable internal body image. However, it is still a matter of debate, in both neurophysiology and psychology, to what extent such body image is modified or distorted by a changing haptic environment. In particular, what is worth investigating is the contribution of external forces on our perception of body and joint configuration. The proprioceptive acuity of fifteen young participants was tested with a Joint Position Matching (JPM) task, performed with the dominant wrist under five different external forces, in order to understand to what extent they affect proprioceptive acuity. Results show that accuracy and precision in target matching do not change in a significant manner as a function of the loading condition, suggesting that the multi-sensory integration process is indeed capable of discriminating different sub-modalities of proprioception, namely the joint position sense and the sense of force. Furthermore, results indicate a preference for target undershooting when movements are performed in a viscous or high resistive force field, rather than passive or null fields in which subjects did not show any predominance for under/over estimation of their position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Sara Contu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Chris W Antuvan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Pietro Morasso
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
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23
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Chancel M, Kavounoudias A, Guerraz M. What's left of the mirror illusion when the mirror can no longer be seen? Bilateral integration of proprioceptive afferents! Neuroscience 2017; 362:118-126. [PMID: 28843995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that manipulating the muscle afferents of one arm affects both ipsilateral and contralateral perceptual estimates. Here, we used the mirror paradigm to study the bimanual integration of kinesthetic muscle afferents. The reflection of a moving hand in a mirror positioned in the sagittal plane creates an illusion of symmetrical bimanual movement. Although vision clearly has a role in kinesthesia, its role in the mirror illusion might have been overestimated. Conversely, the role of bimanual integration of muscle afferents might have been underestimated. We hypothesized that muscle-proprioceptive afferents of the passively displaced arm (the image of which was reflected in the mirror) are involved in this illusion. We evoked in 19 healthy adult participants the mirror illusion by displacing passively their left arm, the image of which was reflected in the mirror. Once participants experienced the illusion that their hidden right arm was moving, we then either occluded their view of the mirror (using occlusive glasses) and/or prevent the passive left arm displacement. Participants' illusion characteristics (duration and kinematic) under these conditions were compared with classical mirror illusion (without visual occlusion). We found that as long as the arm was still moving, the kinesthetic illusion decayed slowly after visual occlusion. These findings suggest that the mirror illusion results from the combination of visuo-proprioceptive signals from the two arms and is not purely visual in origin. Our findings also support the more general concept whereby proprioceptive afferents are integrated bilaterally for the purpose of kinesthesia during bimanual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chancel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kavounoudias
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Guerraz
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, F-73000 Chambéry, France.
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24
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De Havas J, Gomi H, Haggard P. Experimental investigations of control principles of involuntary movement: a comprehensive review of the Kohnstamm phenomenon. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1953-1997. [PMID: 28374088 PMCID: PMC5486926 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Kohnstamm phenomenon refers to the observation that if one pushes the arm hard outwards against a fixed surface for about 30 s, and then moves away from the surface and relaxes, an involuntary movement of the arm occurs, accompanied by a feeling of lightness. Central, peripheral and hybrid theories of the Kohnstamm phenomenon have been advanced. Afferent signals may be irrelevant if purely central theories hold. Alternatively, according to peripheral accounts, altered afferent signalling actually drives the involuntary movement. Hybrid theories suggest afferent signals control a centrally-programmed aftercontraction via negative position feedback control or positive force feedback control. The Kohnstamm phenomenon has provided an important scientific method for comparing voluntary with involuntary movement, both with respect to subjective experience, and for investigating whether involuntary movements can be brought under voluntary control. A full review of the literature reveals that a hybrid model best explains the Kohnstamm phenomenon. On this model, a central adaptation interacts with afferent signals at multiple levels of the motor hierarchy. The model assumes that a Kohnstamm generator sends output via the same pathways as voluntary movement, yet the resulting movement feels involuntary due to a lack of an efference copy to cancel against sensory inflow. This organisation suggests the Kohnstamm phenomenon could represent an amplification of neuromotor processes normally involved in automatic postural maintenance. Future work should determine which afferent signals contribute to the Kohnstamm phenomenon, the location of the Kohnstamm generator, and the principle of feedback control operating during the aftercontraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack De Havas
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Wakamiya 3-1, Morinosato, Atsugi, Kanagawa-Pref., 243-0198, Japan
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
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25
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Reynolds RF. Where's your head at? An illusion of head orientation which reveals dissociation of proprioceptive signals for balance versus perception. J Physiol 2017; 595:2407-2408. [PMID: 28181254 DOI: 10.1113/jp273874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Reynolds
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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26
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Daviaux Y, Deschamps T, Cornu C. Changes in elbow joint's musculo-articular mechanical properties do not alter reaching-related action-perception coupling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:819-832. [PMID: 28265768 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perception of action capabilities can be altered by changes in sensorimotor processes, as showed in previous works in populations dealing with regular and pathological sensorimotor deficits. Misestimating changes in performance ability could lead to risky behavior, injury, and/or reduced performance. However, the relationship between sensorimotor processes, the action-perception coupling, and the related anatomical structures is still a matter of debate. We investigated whether changes in the muscle-tendon system's mechanical properties experimentally induced by eccentric contractions could alter the action-perception coupling (APC) in a reaching-to-grasp task, in which the participants estimated the maximal distance they predicted that they would able to reach a glass. METHODS Based on their repartition, volunteers performed a conditioning session the first day: a series of isokinetic elbow extension in passive condition (control group, n = 11) or when performing elbow flexors eccentric contractions (eccentric group, n = 11). Performance estimates and actual performances in a reaching-to-grasp task were completed before, and immediately, 24 hours and 48 hours after the conditioning session. Alterations of musculo-articular mechanical properties were assessed through global joint stiffness (joint passive torque through load/unload cycles) and local stiffness (muscle elastography). RESULTS The results showed that the APC related to reaching-to-grasp performance was not impacted by post-exercise changes in mechanical properties of the musculo-articular system. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the central dimension of sensorimotor processing instead of peripheral structures to investigate the APC for an altered sensorimotor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Daviaux
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, 25 bis boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44000, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Thibault Deschamps
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, 25 bis boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44000, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, 25 bis boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44000, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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27
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Tsay AJ, Giummarra MJ. Position Sense in Chronic Pain: Separating Peripheral and Central Mechanisms in Proprioception in Unilateral Limb Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:815-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Tsay A, Allen TJ, Proske U. Position sense at the human elbow joint measured by arm matching or pointing. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2787-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Han J, Waddington G, Adams R, Anson J, Liu Y. Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:80-90. [PMID: 30356896 PMCID: PMC6191985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To control movement, the brain has to integrate proprioceptive information from a variety of mechanoreceptors. The role of proprioception in daily activities, exercise, and sports has been extensively investigated, using different techniques, yet the proprioceptive mechanisms underlying human movement control are still unclear. In the current work we have reviewed understanding of proprioception and the three testing methods: threshold to detection of passive motion, joint position reproduction, and active movement extent discrimination, all of which have been used for assessing proprioception. The origin of the methods, the different testing apparatus, and the procedures and protocols used in each approach are compared and discussed. Recommendations are made for choosing an appropriate technique when assessing proprioceptive mechanisms in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Han
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Judith Anson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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30
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Han J, Waddington G, Adams R, Anson J, Liu Y. Assessing proprioception: What do you really want to know?-Response to Krewer et al. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:93-94. [PMID: 30356922 PMCID: PMC6191983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Han
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Judith Anson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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31
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Tsay AJ, Giummarra MJ, Allen TJ, Proske U. The sensory origins of human position sense. J Physiol 2016; 594:1037-49. [PMID: 26537335 PMCID: PMC4753260 DOI: 10.1113/jp271498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Position sense at the human forearm can be measured in blindfolded subjects by matching positions of the arms or by a subject pointing to the perceived position of an unseen arm. Effects on position sense tested were: elbow muscle conditioning with a voluntary contraction, muscle vibration, loading the arm and elbow skin stretch. Conditioning contractions and vibration produced errors in a matching task, consistent with the action of muscle spindles as position sensors. Position errors in a pointing task were not consistent with the action of muscle spindles. Loading the arm or skin stretch had no effect in either matching or pointing tasks. It is proposed that there are two kinds of position sense: (i) indicating positions of different body parts relative to one another, using signals from muscle spindles; and (ii) indicating position of the body in extrapersonal space, using signals from exteroceptors, vision, touch and hearing. ABSTRACT Human limb position sense can be measured in two ways: in a blindfolded matching task, position of one limb is indicated with the other limb. Alternatively, position of a limb, hidden from view, is indicated with a pointer, moved by pressing a lever. These experiments examined the sensory basis of position sense measured in these two ways. Position errors were measured in 14 subjects after elbow flexors or extensors had been conditioned with a half-maximum voluntary contraction. In agreement with previous studies, in the matching trials, position errors were distributed according to a pattern consistent with the action of muscle spindles as the position sensors. In the pointing trials, all errors lay in the direction of extension of the true position of the hidden arm and their distribution was inconsistent with influences arising in muscle spindles. Vibration of elbow muscles produced an illusion of muscle lengthening during a matching task, while during the pointing task no illusion was present. Finally, the matching-pointing error difference was preserved, even when one arm was loaded with a weight or skin over the elbow was stretched. It is proposed that there are two kinds of position sense. One is signalled by muscle spindles, indicating position of one part of the body relative to another. A second provides information about the position of the body in extrapersonal space and here we hypothesise that exteroceptors, including vision, touch and hearing, acting via a central map of the body, provide the spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Tsay
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical NeurosciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic3800Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research CentreCaulfield HospitalCaulfieldVic3162Australia
| | - M. J. Giummarra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical NeurosciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic3800Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research CentreCaulfield HospitalCaulfieldVic3162Australia
| | - T. J. Allen
- Accident Research CentreMonash Injury Research InstituteClaytonVic3800Australia
| | - U. Proske
- Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic3800Australia
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32
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The kinaesthetic mirror illusion: How much does the mirror matter? Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1459-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kigawa K, Izumizaki M, Tsukada S, Hakuta N. Proprioceptive Interaction between the Two Arms in a Single-Arm Pointing Task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137031. [PMID: 26317518 PMCID: PMC4552885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive signals coming from both arms are used to determine the perceived position of one arm in a two-arm matching task. Here, we examined whether the perceived position of one arm is affected by proprioceptive signals from the other arm in a one-arm pointing task in which participants specified the perceived position of an unseen reference arm with an indicator paddle. Both arms were hidden from the participant’s view throughout the study. In Experiment 1, with both arms placed in front of the body, the participants received 70–80 Hz vibration to the elbow flexors of the reference arm (= right arm) to induce the illusion of elbow extension. This extension illusion was compared with that when the left arm elbow flexors were vibrated or not. The degree of the vibration-induced extension illusion of the right arm was reduced in the presence of left arm vibration. In Experiment 2, we found that this kinesthetic interaction between the two arms did not occur when the left arm was vibrated in an abducted position. In Experiment 3, the vibration-induced extension illusion of one arm was fully developed when this arm was placed at an abducted position, indicating that the brain receives increased proprioceptive input from a vibrated arm even if the arm was abducted. Our results suggest that proprioceptive interaction between the two arms occurs in a one-arm pointing task when the two arms are aligned with one another. The position sense of one arm measured using a pointer appears to include the influences of incoming information from the other arm when both arms were placed in front of the body and parallel to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kigawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Setsuro Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hakuta
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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34
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De Havas J, Ghosh A, Gomi H, Haggard P. Sensorimotor organization of a sustained involuntary movement. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:185. [PMID: 26283934 PMCID: PMC4517064 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Involuntary movements share much of the motor control circuitry used for voluntary movement, yet the two can be easily distinguished. The Kohnstamm phenomenon (where a sustained, hard push produces subsequent involuntary arm raising) is a useful experimental model for exploring differences between voluntary and involuntary movement. Both central and peripheral accounts have been proposed, but little is known regarding how the putative Kohnstamm generator responds to afferent input. We addressed this by obstructing the involuntary upward movement of the arm. Obstruction prevented the rising EMG pattern that characterizes the Kohnstamm. Importantly, once the obstruction was removed, the EMG signal resumed its former increase, suggesting a generator that persists despite peripheral input. When only one arm was obstructed during bilateral involuntary movements, only the EMG signal from the obstructed arm showed the effect. Upon release of the obstacle, the obstructed arm reached the same position and EMG level as the unobstructed arm. Comparison to matched voluntary movements revealed a preserved stretch response when a Kohnstamm movement first contacts an obstacle, and also an overestimation of the perceived contact force. Our findings support a hybrid central and peripheral account of the Kohnstamm phenomenon. The strange subjective experience of this involuntary movement is consistent with the view that movement awareness depends strongly on efference copies, but that the Kohnstamm generator does not produces efference copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack De Havas
- Action and Body, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Arko Ghosh
- Action and Body, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK ; Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Atsugi, Japan
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Action and Body, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
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35
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Ghosh A, Rothwell J, Haggard P. Using voluntary motor commands to inhibit involuntary arm movements. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141139. [PMID: 25253453 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of voluntary motor control is the ability to stop an ongoing movement. Is voluntary motor inhibition a general neural mechanism that can be focused on any movement, including involuntary movements, or is it mere termination of a positive voluntary motor command? The involuntary arm lift, or 'floating arm trick', is a distinctive long-lasting reflex of the deltoid muscle. We investigated how a voluntary motor network inhibits this form of involuntary motor control. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex during the floating arm trick produced a silent period in the reflexively contracting deltoid muscle, followed by a rebound of muscle activity. This pattern suggests a persistent generator of involuntary motor commands. Instructions to bring the arm down voluntarily reduced activity of deltoid muscle. When this voluntary effort was withdrawn, the involuntary arm lift resumed. Further, voluntary motor inhibition produced a strange illusion of physical resistance to bringing the arm down, as if ongoing involuntarily generated commands were located in a 'sensory blind-spot', inaccessible to conscious perception. Our results suggest that voluntary motor inhibition may be a specific neural function, distinct from absence of positive voluntary motor commands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Ghosh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Rothwell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Neck muscle fatigue alters upper limb proprioception. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1663-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Gonzales TI, Goble DJ. Short-Term Adaptation of Joint Position Sense Occurs during and after Sustained Vibration of Antagonistic Muscle Pairs. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:896. [PMID: 25414661 PMCID: PMC4220122 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioception is critical for the control of many goal-directed activities of daily living. While contributions from skin and joint receptors exist, the muscle spindle is thought to play an important role in allowing accurate judgments of limb position and movement to occur. The discharges elicited from muscle spindles can be degraded by simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration, causing proprioception to be distorted. Despite this, changes in limb perception that may result from sensory adaptation to this stimulus remain misunderstood. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate short-term proprioceptive adaptation resulting from vibration of antagonistic muscle pairs. We measured elbow joint position sense in 21 healthy young adults while 80 Hz vibration was applied simultaneously to the distal tendons of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles. Matching errors were then analyzed during early and late adaptation phases to assess short-term adaptation to the vibration stimuli. Participants committed significant undershoot errors during the early adaptation phase, but were comparable to baseline measurements during the late adaptation phase. When we removed the vibration stimuli and conducted a second joint position matching task, matching variability increased significantly, and participants committed overshoot errors. These results bring into question the efficacy of simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration to degrade proprioceptive acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas I Gonzales
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA , USA ; Motor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Daniel J Goble
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA , USA
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38
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Muscle thixotropy as a tool in the study of proprioception. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:3397-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Hakuta N, Izumizaki M, Kigawa K, Murai N, Atsumi T, Homma I. Proprioceptive illusions created by vibration of one arm are altered by vibrating the other arm. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2197-206. [PMID: 24671653 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that signals coming from both arms are used to determine the perceived position and movement of one arm. We examined whether the sense of position and movement of one (reference) arm is altered by increases in muscle spindle signals in the other (indicator) arm in blindfolded participants (n = 26). To increase muscle spindle discharge, we applied 70-80 Hz muscle vibration to the elbow flexors of the indicator arm. In a first experiment, proprioceptive illusions in the vibrated reference arm in a forearm position-matching task were compared between conditions in which the indicator arm elbow flexors were vibrated or not vibrated. We found that the vibration illusion of arm extension induced by vibration of reference arm elbow flexors was reduced in the presence of vibration of the indicator elbow flexors. In a second experiment, participants were asked to describe their perception of the illusion of forearm extension movements of the reference arm evoked by vibration of reference arm elbow flexors in response to on/off and off/on transitions of vibration of non-reference arm elbow flexors. When vibration of non-reference arm elbow flexors was turned on, they reported a sensation of slowing down of the illusion of the reference arm. When it was turned off, they reported a sensation of speeding up. To conclude, the present study shows that both the sense of limb position and the sense of limb movement of one arm are dependent to some extent on spindle signals coming from the other arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hakuta
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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40
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Tsay A, Savage G, Allen TJ, Proske U. Limb position sense, proprioceptive drift and muscle thixotropy at the human elbow joint. J Physiol 2014; 592:2679-94. [PMID: 24665096 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.269365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
These experiments on the human forearm are based on the hypothesis that drift in the perceived position of a limb over time can be explained by receptor adaptation. Limb position sense was measured in 39 blindfolded subjects using a forearm-matching task. A property of muscle, its thixotropy, a contraction history-dependent passive stiffness, was exploited to place muscle receptors of elbow muscles in a defined state. After the arm had been held flexed and elbow flexors contracted, we observed time-dependent changes in the perceived position of the reference arm by an average of 2.8° in the direction of elbow flexion over 30 s (Experiment 1). The direction of the drift reversed after the arm had been extended and elbow extensors contracted, with a mean shift of 3.5° over 30 s in the direction of elbow extension (Experiment 2). The time-dependent changes could be abolished by conditioning elbow flexors and extensors in the reference arm at the test angle, although this led to large position errors during matching (±10°), depending on how the indicator arm had been conditioned (Experiments 3 and 4). When slack was introduced in the elbow muscles of both arms, by shortening muscles after the conditioning contraction, matching errors became small and there was no drift in position sense (Experiments 5 and 6). These experiments argue for a receptor-based mechanism for proprioceptive drift and suggest that to align the two forearms, the brain monitors the difference between the afferent signals from the two arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsay
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - G Savage
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - T J Allen
- Accident Research Centre, Monash Injury Research Institute, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - U Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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41
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Trying to move your unseen static arm modulates visually-evoked kinesthetic illusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80360. [PMID: 24348909 PMCID: PMC3858028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although kinesthesia is known to largely depend on afferent inflow, recent data suggest that central signals originating from volitional control (efferent outflow) could also be involved and interact with the former to build up a coherent percept. Evidence derives from both clinical and experimental observations where vision, which is of primary importance in kinesthesia, was systematically precluded. The purpose of the present experiment was to assess the role of volitional effort in kinesthesia when visual information is available. Participants (n=20) produced isometric contraction (10-20% of maximal voluntary force) of their right arm while their left arm, which image was reflected in a mirror, either was passively moved into flexion/extension by a motorized manipulandum, or remained static. The contraction of the right arm was either congruent with or opposite to the passive displacements of the left arm. Results revealed that in most trials, kinesthetic illusions were visually driven, and their occurrence and intensity were modulated by whether volitional effort was congruent or not with visual signals. These results confirm the impact of volitional effort in kinesthesia and demonstrate for the first time that these signals interact with visual afferents to offer a coherent and unified percept.
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42
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Walsh LD, Proske U, Allen TJ, Gandevia SC. The contribution of motor commands to position sense differs between elbow and wrist. J Physiol 2013; 591:6103-14. [PMID: 24099798 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.259127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that centrally generated motor commands contribute to the perception of position and movement at the wrist, but not at the elbow. Because the wrist and elbow experiments used different methods, this study was designed to resolve the discrepancy. Two methods were used to test both the elbow and wrist (20 subjects each). For the wrist, subjects sat with their right arm strapped to a device that restricted movement to the wrist. Before each test, voluntary contraction of wrist flexor or extensor muscles controlled for muscle spindle thixotropy. After relaxation, the wrist was moved to a test angle. Position was indicated either with a pointer, or by matching with the contralateral wrist, under two conditions: when the reference wrist was relaxed or when its muscles were contracted isometrically (30% maximum). The elbow experiment used the same design to measure position sense in the passive elbow and with elbow muscles contracting (30% maximum). At the wrist when using a pointer, muscle contraction altered significantly the perceived wrist angle in the direction of contraction by 7 deg [3 deg, 12 deg] (mean [95% confidence interval]) with a flexor contraction and 8 deg [4 deg, 12 deg] with an extensor contraction. Similarly, in the wrist matching task, there was a change of 13 deg [9 deg, 16 deg] with a flexor contraction and 4 deg [1 deg, 8 deg] with an extensor contraction. In contrast, contraction of elbow flexors or extensors did not alter significantly the perceived position of the elbow, compared with rest. The contribution of central commands to position sense differs between the elbow and the wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Walsh
- S. C. Gandevia: Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
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43
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Itaguchi Y, Fukuzawa K. The effect of aborting ongoing movements on end point position estimation. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:341-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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44
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The representation of egocentric space in the posterior parietal cortex. Behav Brain Sci 2013; 15 Spec No 4:691-700. [PMID: 23842408 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is the most likely site where egocentric spatial relationships are represented in the brain. PPC cells receive visual, auditory, somaesthetic, and vestibular sensory inputs; oculomotor, head, limb, and body motor signals; and strong motivational projections from the limbic system. Their discharge increases not only when an animal moves towards a sensory target, but also when it directs its attention to it. PPC lesions have the opposite effect: sensory inattention and neglect. The PPC does not seem to contain a "map" of the location of objects in space but a distributed neural network for transforming one set of sensory vectors into other sensory reference frames or into various motor coordinate systems. Which set of transformation rules is used probably depends on attention, which selectively enhances the synapses needed for making a particular sensory comparison or aiming a particular movement.
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45
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The senses of force and heaviness at the human elbow joint. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:617-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Boisgontier MP, Nougier V. Proprioception: Bilateral inputs first. Neurosci Lett 2013; 534:96-100. [PMID: 23262092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on assessing whether the effects of muscle fatigue on joint position sense are dependent upon the unilateral or bilateral nature of proprioceptive inputs. To this aim, a group of young adults performed an active contralateral concurrent ankle matching task in two conditions of support of the reference limb (active vs. passive) and two conditions of fatigue of the indicator limb (no fatigue vs. fatigue). In the absence of muscle fatigue, results failed to evidence significant difference of matching errors between the active and passive conditions of support. However, in the context of muscle fatigue, increased matching errors were observed in active but not passive condition of support. The deleterious effects of muscle fatigue on joint position sense were therefore dependent upon the laterality of the proprioceptive inputs related to muscle contraction. These results suggested that sensory weighting for proprioception gives priority to inputs available bilaterally over the ones available in a single limb only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu P Boisgontier
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, Grenoble, F-38041, France; Motor Control Laboratory, Research Center for Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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47
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Proske U, Gandevia SC. The proprioceptive senses: their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1651-97. [PMID: 23073629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 992] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review of the proprioceptive senses generated as a result of our own actions. They include the senses of position and movement of our limbs and trunk, the sense of effort, the sense of force, and the sense of heaviness. Receptors involved in proprioception are located in skin, muscles, and joints. Information about limb position and movement is not generated by individual receptors, but by populations of afferents. Afferent signals generated during a movement are processed to code for endpoint position of a limb. The afferent input is referred to a central body map to determine the location of the limbs in space. Experimental phantom limbs, produced by blocking peripheral nerves, have shown that motor areas in the brain are able to generate conscious sensations of limb displacement and movement in the absence of any sensory input. In the normal limb tendon organs and possibly also muscle spindles contribute to the senses of force and heaviness. Exercise can disturb proprioception, and this has implications for musculoskeletal injuries. Proprioceptive senses, particularly of limb position and movement, deteriorate with age and are associated with an increased risk of falls in the elderly. The more recent information available on proprioception has given a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these senses as well as providing new insight into a range of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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48
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Fortier S, Basset FA. The effects of exercise on limb proprioceptive signals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22:795-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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49
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Tsuge M, Izumizaki M, Kigawa K, Atsumi T, Homma I. Interaction between vibration-evoked proprioceptive illusions and mirror-evoked visual illusions in an arm-matching task. Exp Brain Res 2012; 223:541-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Guerraz M, Provost S, NARISON R, Brugnon A, Virolle S, Bresciani JP. Integration of visual and proprioceptive afferents in kinesthesia. Neuroscience 2012; 223:258-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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