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Pannicke T, Ivo Chao T, Reisenhofer M, Francke M, Reichenbach A. Comparative electrophysiology of retinal Müller glial cells-A survey on vertebrate species. Glia 2016; 65:533-568. [PMID: 27767232 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are the dominant macroglial cells in the retina of all vertebrates. They fulfill a variety of functions important for retinal physiology, among them spatial buffering of K+ ions and uptake of glutamate and other neurotransmitters. To this end, Müller cells express inwardly rectifying K+ channels and electrogenic glutamate transporters. Moreover, a lot of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, aquaporin water channels, and electrogenic transporters are expressed in Müller cells, some of them in a species-specific manner. For example, voltage-dependent Na+ channels are found exclusively in some but not all mammalian species. Whereas a lot of data exist from amphibians and mammals, the results from other vertebrates are sparse. It is the aim of this review to present a survey on Müller cell electrophysiology covering all classes of vertebrates. The focus is on functional studies, mainly performed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. However, data about the expression of membrane channels and transporters from immunohistochemistry are also included. Possible functional roles of membrane channels and transporters are discussed. Obviously, electrophysiological properties involved in the main functions of Müller cells developed early in vertebrate evolution. GLIA 2017;65:533-568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pannicke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Ivo Chao
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Reisenhofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
- Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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KUCHERYAVYKH YURIYV, SHUBA YAROSLAVM, ANTONOV SERGEIM, INYUSHIN MIKHAILY, CUBANO LUIS, PEARSON WADEL, KURATA HARLEY, REICHENBACH ANDREAS, VEH RÜDIGERW, NICHOLS COLING, EATON MISTYJ, SKATCHKOV SERGUEIN. Complex rectification of Müller cell Kir currents. Glia 2008; 56:775-90. [PMID: 18293411 PMCID: PMC9930535 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Kir4.1 channels are the major inwardly rectifying channels in glial cells and are widely accepted to support K+- and glutamate-uptake in the nervous system, the properties of Kir4.1 channels during vital changes of K+ and polyamines remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the voltage-dependence of K+ conductance with varying physiological and pathophysiological external [K+] and intrapipette spermine ([SP]) concentrations in Müller glial cells and in tsA201 cells expressing recombinant Kir4.1 channels. Two different types of [SP] block were characterized: "fast" and "slow." Fast block was steeply voltage-dependent, with only a low sensitivity to spermine and strong dependence on extracellular potassium concentration, [K+]o. Slow block had a strong voltage sensitivity that begins closer to resting membrane potential and was essentially [K+]o-independent, but with a higher spermine- and [K+]i-sensitivity. Using a modified Woodhull model and fitting i/V curves from whole cell recordings, we have calculated free [SP](in) in Müller glial cells as 0.81 +/- 0.24 mM. This is much higher than has been estimated previously in neurons. Biphasic block properties underlie a significantly varying extent of rectification with [K+] and [SP]. While confirming similar properties of glial Kir and recombinant Kir4.1, the results also suggest mechanisms underlying K+ buffering in glial cells: When [K+]o is rapidly increased, as would occur during neuronal excitation, "fast block" would be relieved, promoting potassium influx to glial cells. Increase in [K+]in would then lead to relief of "slow block," further promoting K+-influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- YURIY V. KUCHERYAVYKH
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR
| | - YAROSLAV M. SHUBA
- International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01024 Ukraine
| | - SERGEI M. ANTONOV
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223 Russia
| | - MIKHAIL Y. INYUSHIN
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR
| | - LUIS CUBANO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR
| | - WADE L. PEARSON
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - HARLEY KURATA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - ANDREAS REICHENBACH
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - RÜDIGER W. VEH
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité, Philipstrasse 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - COLIN G. NICHOLS
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - MISTY J. EATON
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR
| | - SERGUEI N. SKATCHKOV
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR,Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR,Correspondence to: S. N. Skatchkov, Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Box 60-327, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA 00960-6032.
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Abstract
Antisera directed against hyperpolarization-activated mixed-cation ("I(h)") and K(+) ("K(ir)") channels bind to some somata in the ganglion cell layer of rat and rabbit retina. Additionally, the termination of hyperpolarizing current injections can trigger spikes in some cat retinal ganglion cells, suggesting a rebound depolarization arising from activation of I(h). However, patch-clamp studies showed that rat ganglion cells lack inward rectification or present an inwardly rectifying K(+) current. We therefore tested whether hyperpolarization activates I(h) in dissociated, adult rat retinal ganglion cell somata. We report here that, although we found no inward rectification in some cells, and a K(ir)-like current in a few cells, hyperpolarization activated I(h) in roughly 75% of the cells we recorded from in voltage clamp. We show that this current is blocked by Cs(+) or ZD7288 and only slightly reduced by Ba(2+), that the current amplitude and reversal potential are sensitive to extracellular Na(+) and K(+), and that we found no evidence of K(ir) in cells presenting I(h). In current clamp, injecting hyperpolarizing current induced a slowly relaxing membrane hyperpolarization that rebounded to a few action potentials when the hyperpolarizing current was stopped; both the membrane potential relaxation and rebound spikes were blocked by ZD7288. These results provide the first measurement of I(h) in mammalian retinal ganglion cells and indicate that the ion channels of rat retinal ganglion cells may vary in ways not expected from previous voltage and current recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin C Lee
- Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
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Skatchkov SN, Eaton MJ, Shuba YM, Kucheryavykh YV, Derst C, Veh RW, Wurm A, Iandiev I, Pannicke T, Bringmann A, Reichenbach A. Tandem-pore domain potassium channels are functionally expressed in retinal (Müller) glial cells. Glia 2005; 53:266-76. [PMID: 16265669 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tandem-pore domain (2P-domain) K+-channels regulate neuronal excitability, but their function in glia, particularly, in retinal glial cells, is unclear. We have previously demonstrated the immunocytochemical localization of the 2P-domain K+ channels TASK-1 and TASK-2 in retinal Müller glial cells of amphibians. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether these channels were functional, by employing whole-cell recording from frog and mammalian (guinea pig, rat and mouse) Müller cells and confocal microscopy to monitor swelling in rat Müller cells. TASK-like immunolabel was localized in these cells. The currents mediated by 2P-domain channels were studied in isolation after blocking Kir, K(A), K(D), and BK channels. The remaining cell conductance was mostly outward and was depressed by acid pH, bupivacaine, methanandamide, quinine, and clofilium, and activated by alkaline pH in a manner consistent with that described for TASK channels. Arachidonic acid (an activator of TREK channels) had no effect on this conductance. Blockade of the conductance with bupivacaine depolarized the Müller cell membrane potential by about 50%. In slices of the rat retina, adenosine inhibited osmotic glial cell swelling via activation of A1 receptors and subsequent opening of 2P-domain K+ channels. The swelling was strongly increased by clofilium and quinine (inhibitors of 2P-domain K+ channels). These data suggest that 2P-domain K+ channels are involved in homeostasis of glial cell volume, in activity-dependent spatial K+ buffering and may play a role in maintenance of a hyperpolarized membrane potential especially in conditions where Kir channels are blocked or downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Skatchkov
- CMBN, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00960-6032.
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Lasater EM, Solessio E. Regulation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in bipolar cells by divalent cations and polyamines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 514:275-89. [PMID: 12596927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0121-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a key role in intracellular signal transduction in neurons but in excess it can lead to cell death. Thus its entry into cells is highly regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Little is known of the regulation of Ca2+ entry into retinal neurons. Here we describe the role of divalent cations and polyamines as intrinsic modulators of Ca2+ entry into retinal bipolar cells. Cone-dominant (small) bipolar cells of the white bass retina were studied using whole cell patch clamp techniques. With biophysical and pharmacological tools it was determined that these cells expressed a Ca2+ current similar to an L-type current. This current was very susceptible to blockage by divalent cations including Ca2+. In addition, when tested with the polyamines, spermine, spermidine and putrescine, only spermine effectively inhibited the current. When the dose response curve was fit with the Hill function we found an EC50 of 28 microM and a Hill-coefficient of about 2. Our results indicate that divalent cations and the polyamine, spermine, are effective modulators of calcium entry into cone-dominated bipolar cells. The in vivo regulation of the concentrations of these molecules provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism for regulating Ca2+ entry into bipolar cells under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Lasater
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Guevara-Balcázar G, Querejeta-Villagómez E, Nuevo-Adalla O, Orozco-Guillen A, Rubio-Gayosso I, Hernández-Castillo JR, Zamora-Garza M, Ceballos-Reyes G. Spermine-induced negative inotropic effect in isolated rat heart, is mediated through the release of ATP. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:157-61. [PMID: 12818376 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are natural compounds found in up to millimolar concentrations in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. At physiologic pH, the polyamines are protonated (+2, +3 and +4 charges), their polycationic properties lead to the assumption that they could affect physiological systems by binding to anionic sites of the cellular membrane and/or by modulating ion channels. At the cardiovascular level, their effects are not completely understood. However, these compounds may be able to exert the induction of synthesis and release of cellular mediators. In an attempt to explore this possibility, we used the isolated and perfused rat heart, Langendorff, model in order to evaluate the inotropic effects of these polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Dose-response curves (0.1-0.6 mM) for putrescine, spermidine and spermine were constructed; with the finding that spermine had the largest negative effect. The obtained effects were not blocked by nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors (L-NAME), H(1) and H(2) receptor antagonists (Brompheniramine and Cimetidine) or by Glibenclamide, an antagonist of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. We found that spermine-induced and increased ATP concentration in cardiac effluents. Reactive Blue, a P(2y) purinoreceptor antagonist and Aminophylline, an unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, blocked the spermine-induced effects. These results showed that ATP, at least in part, is responsible of the spermine cardiovascular effects. Adenosine was shown to also play an important role on those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Guevara-Balcázar
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, col. Santo Tomas, México D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
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Perlman I, Solessio E, Lasater EM. Potassium conductances and the glutamate transporter in Müller cells of the turtle retina and their role in potassium siphoning. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2001; 131:451-63. [PMID: 11420962 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(01)31036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Perlman
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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