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Durante E, Grammer G, Martino J, Klaebe R, Chung MT, Payne J, Doubleday Z. Developing isotopic proxies to reconstruct the metabolic rates and thermal histories of octopus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106543. [PMID: 38728797 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding an animal's metabolic rate and thermal history is pivotal for ecological research. Recent studies have proposed the use of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in biogenic carbonates as proxies of metabolic rate and experienced temperature, respectively, to overcome the challenges of directly measuring these data in the field. Our study represents the first experimental investigation to develop δ13C and δ18O proxies in octopus. Octopus berrima hatchlings were raised in captivity, at varying water temperatures, for up to 110 days. O. berrima statoliths were then subsequently analysed for δ13C and δ18O values. The proportion of metabolically derived carbon, or respired carbon (Cresp), increased as the octopus grew (slope = 0.076, R2 = 0.72), suggesting an influence of somatic growth rate and body mass on δ13C values. Additionally, we identified an inverse correlation between δ18O values and environmental temperature (slope = -0.163, R2 = 0.91), which was subsequently used to develop a thermal reconstruction model. Our experiment aids in interpreting stable isotopic values in statoliths and their application as temperature and metabolic proxies in wild-caught octopus. Such proxies will increase our monitoring capabilities of these ecologically and commercially significant cephalopods and contribute to their conservation and effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Durante
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Gretchen Grammer
- South Australian Research and Development Institute Aquatic Sciences, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jasmin Martino
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Klaebe
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ming-Tsung Chung
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Justin Payne
- STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zoë Doubleday
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
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2
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Borges FO, Sampaio E, Santos CP, Rosa R. Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1240-1265. [PMID: 37468442 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from being one of the most fascinating groups of marine organisms, cephalopods play a major role in marine food webs, both as predators and as prey, while representing key living economic assets, namely for artisanal and subsistence fisheries worldwide. Recent research suggests that cephalopods are benefitting from ongoing environmental changes and the overfishing of certain fish stocks (i.e., of their predators and/or competitors), putting forward the hypothesis that this group may be one of the few "winners" of climate change. While many meta-analyses have demonstrated negative and overwhelming consequences of ocean warming (OW), acidification (OA), and their combination for a variety of marine taxa, such a comprehensive analysis is lacking for cephalopod molluscs. In this context, the existing literature was surveyed for peer-reviewed articles featuring the sustained (≥24 h) and controlled exposure of cephalopod species (Cephalopoda class) to these factors, applying a comparative framework of mixed-model meta-analyses (784 control-treatment comparisons, from 47 suitable articles). Impacts on a wide set of biological categories at the individual level (e.g., survival, metabolism, behavior, cell stress, growth) were evaluated and contrasted across different ecological attributes (i.e., taxonomic lineages, climates, and ontogenetic stages). Contrary to what is commonly assumed, OW arises as a clear threat to cephalopods, while OA exhibited more restricted impacts. In fact, OW impacts were ubiquitous across different stages of ontogeny, taxonomical lineages (i.e., octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish). These results challenge the assumption that cephalopods benefit from novel ocean conditions, revealing an overarching negative impact of OW in this group. Importantly, we also identify lingering literature gaps, showing that most studies to date focus on OW and early life stages of mainly temperate species. Our results raise the need to consolidate experimental efforts in a wider variety of taxa, climate regions, life stages, and other key environmental stressors, such as deoxygenation and hypoxia, to better understand how cephalopods will cope with future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Borges
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Catarina P Santos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Environmental Economics Knowledge Center, Nova School of Business and Economics, New University of Lisbon, Carcavelos 2775-405, Portugal
- Sphyrna Association, Boa Vista Island, Sal Rei, Cape Verde
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa1 749-016, Portugal
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3
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Li Z, Bao X, Liu X, Wang W, Yang J. Gene network analyses of larvae under different egg-protecting behaviors provide novel insights into immune response mechanisms of Amphioctopus fangsiao. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108733. [PMID: 37028690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Amphioctopus fangsiao was a representative economic species in cephalopods, which was vulnerable to marine bacteria. Vibrio anguillarum was a highly infectious pathogen that have recently been found to infect A. fangsiao and inhibit its growth and development. There were significant differences in the immune response mechanisms between egg-protected and egg-unprotected larvae. To explore larval immunity under different egg-protecting behaviors, we infected A. fangsiao larvae with V. anguillarum for 24 h and analyzed the transcriptome data about egg-protected and egg-unprotected larvae infected with 0, 4, 12, and 24 h using weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Network analyses revealed a series of immune response processes after infection, and identified six key modules and multiple immune-related hub genes. Meanwhile, we found that ZNF family, such as ZNF32, ZNF160, ZNF271, ZNF479, and ZNF493 might play significant roles in A. fangsiao immune response processes. We first creatively combined WGCNA and PPI network analysis to deeply explore the immune response mechanisms of A. fangsiao larvae with different egg-protecting behaviors. Our results provided further insights into the immunity of V. anguillarum infected invertebrates, and laid the foundation for exploring the immune differences among cephalopods with different egg protecting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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4
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Gentès S, Minet A, Lopes C, Tessier E, Gassie C, Guyoneaud R, Swarzenski PW, Bustamante P, Metian M, Amouroux D, Lacoue-Labarthe T. In Vivo Mercury (De)Methylation Metabolism in Cephalopods under Different pCO 2 Scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5761-5770. [PMID: 36976251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work quantified the accumulation efficiencies of Hg in cuttlefish, depending on both organic (MeHg) and inorganic (Hg(II)) forms, under increased pCO2 (1600 μatm). Cuttlefish were fed with live shrimps injected with two Hg stable isotopic tracers (Me202Hg and 199Hg(II)), which allowed for the simultaneous quantification of internal Hg accumulation, Hg(II) methylation, and MeHg demethylation rates in different organs. Results showed that pCO2 had no impact on Hg bioaccumulation and organotropism, and both Hg and pCO2 did not influence the microbiota diversity of gut and digestive gland. However, the results also demonstrated that the digestive gland is a key organ for in vivo MeHg demethylation. Consequently, cuttlefish exposed to environmental levels of MeHg could exhibit in vivo MeHg demethylation. We hypothesize that in vivo MeHg demethylation could be due to biologically induced reactions or to abiotic reactions. This has important implications as to how some marine organisms may respond to future ocean change and global mercury contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Antoine Minet
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Christelle Lopes
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Claire Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - Paco Bustamante
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Metian
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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5
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Trueblood LA, Onthank K, Bos N, Buller L, Coast A, Covrig M, Edwards E, Fratianni S, Gano M, Iwakoshi N, Kim E, Moss K, Personius C, Reynoso S, Springbett C. Bathyal octopus, Muusoctopus leioderma, living in a world of acid: First recordings of routine metabolic rate and critical oxygen partial pressures of a deep water species under elevated pCO2. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1039401. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 as a result of human activity is dissolving into the world’s oceans, driving a drop in pH, and making them more acidic. Here we present the first data on the impacts of ocean acidification on a bathyal species of octopus Muusoctopus leioderma. A recent discovery of a shallow living population in the Salish Sea, Washington United States allowed collection via SCUBA and maintenance in the lab. We exposed individual Muusoctopus leioderma to elevated CO2 pressure (pCO2) for 1 day and 7 days, measuring their routine metabolic rate (RMR), critical partial pressure (Pcrit), and oxygen supply capacity (α). At the time of this writing, we believe this is the first aerobic metabolic data recorded for a member of Muusoctopus. Our results showed that there was no change in either RMR, Pcrit or α at 1800 µatm compared to the 1,000 µatm of the habitat where this population was collected. The ability to maintain aerobic physiology at these relatively high levels is discussed and considered against phylogeny and life history.
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6
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Bao X, Liu X, Yu B, Li Y, Cui M, Wang W, Feng Y, Xu X, Sun G, Li B, Li Z, Yang J. Transcriptome Profiling Based on Larvae at Different Time Points After Hatching Provides a Core Set of Gene Resource for Understanding the Metabolic Mechanisms of the Brood-Care Behavior in Octopus ocellatus. Front Physiol 2022; 12:762681. [PMID: 35069236 PMCID: PMC8777255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic processes of organisms are very complex. Each process is crucial and affects the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Metabolism-related mechanisms in Octopus ocellatus behaviors have not been widely studied. Brood-care is a common behavior in most organisms, which can improve the survival rate and constitution of larvae. Octopus ocellatus carried out this behavior, but it was rarely noticed by researchers before. In our study, 3,486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on transcriptome analysis of O. ocellatus. We identify metabolism-related DEGs using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then, we construct protein-protein interaction networks to search the functional relationships between metabolism-related DEGs. Finally, we identified 10 hub genes related to multiple gene functions or involved in multiple signal pathways and verified them using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein-protein interaction networks were first used to study the effects of brood-care behavior on metabolism in the process of growing of O. ocellatus larvae, and the results provide us valuable genetic resources for understanding the metabolic processes of invertebrate larvae. The data lay a foundation for further study the brood-care behavior and metabolic mechanisms of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Benshu Yu
- Shandong Fisheries Development and Resources Conservation Center, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingxian Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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7
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Burford B, Wild LA, Schwarz R, Chenoweth EM, Sreenivasan A, Elahi R, Carey N, Hoving HJT, Straley JM, Denny MW. Rapid range expansion of a marine ectotherm reveals the demographic and ecological consequences of short-term variability in seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen. Am Nat 2021; 199:523-550. [DOI: 10.1086/718575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Matoo OB, Neiman M. Bringing Disciplines and People Together to Characterize the Plastic and Genetic Responses of Molluscs to Environmental Change. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1689-1698. [PMID: 34435639 PMCID: PMC8699093 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscs are remarkably diverse and are found across nearly all ecosystems, meaning that members of this ancient animal phylum provide a powerful means to study genomic-phenotype connections in a climate change framework. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies and genome assembly approaches finally allow the relatively cheap and tractable assembly of high-quality mollusc genome resources. After a brief review of these issues and advances, we use a case-study approach to provide some concrete examples of phenotypic plasticity and genomic adaptation in molluscs in response to environmental factors expected to be influenced by climate change. Our goal is to use molluscs as a "common currency" to demonstrate how organismal and evolutionary biologists can use natural systems to make phenotype-genotype connections in the context of changing environments. In parallel, we emphasize the critical need to collaborate and integrate findings across taxa and disciplines in order to use new data and information to advance our understanding of mollusc biology in the context of global environmental change. We end with a brief synthetic summary of the papers inspired by the 2021 SICB Symposium "Genomic Perspectives in Comparative Physiology of Molluscs: Integration across Disciplines".
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Affiliation(s)
- Omera B Matoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, NE, USA
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, IA, USA.,Department of Gender, Women's, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, IA, USA
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9
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Onthank KL, Trueblood LA, Schrock-Duff T, Kore LG. Impact of Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Elevated Seawater Pco2 on Metabolic Rate and Hypoxia Tolerance in Octopus rubescens. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:1-11. [DOI: 10.1086/712207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Hoving HJT, Neitzel P, Hauss H, Christiansen S, Kiko R, Robison BH, Silva P, Körtzinger A. In situ observations show vertical community structure of pelagic fauna in the eastern tropical North Atlantic off Cape Verde. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21798. [PMID: 33311534 PMCID: PMC7733502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Distribution patterns of fragile gelatinous fauna in the open ocean remain scarcely documented. Using epi-and mesopelagic video transects in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, which features a mild but intensifying midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), we established one of the first regional observations of diversity and abundance of large gelatinous zooplankton. We quantified the day and night vertical distribution of 46 taxa in relation to environmental conditions. While distribution may be driven by multiple factors, abundance peaks of individual taxa were observed in the OMZ core, both above and below the OMZ, only above, or only below the OMZ whereas some taxa did not have an obvious distribution pattern. In the eastern eropical North Atlantic, OMZ expansion in the course of global climate change may detrimentally impact taxa that avoid low oxygen concentrations (Beroe, doliolids), but favour taxa that occur in the OMZ (Lilyopsis, phaeodarians, Cydippida, Colobonema, Haliscera conica and Halitrephes) as their habitat volume might increase. While future efforts need to focus on physiology and taxonomy of pelagic fauna in the study region, our study presents biodiversity and distribution data for the regional epi- and mesopelagic zones of Cape Verde providing a regional baseline to monitor how climate change may impact the largest habitat on the planet, the deep pelagic realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J T Hoving
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - P Neitzel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - H Hauss
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Kiko
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Laboratoire dOcéanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - B H Robison
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Sandholtroad 7700, Moss Landing, USA
| | - P Silva
- Ocean Science Centre Mindelo & Instituto do Mar (IMAR), Cova de Inglesa, C.P. 132, Mindelo, São Vicente, Republic of Cabo Verde
| | - A Körtzinger
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Zakroff CJ, Mooney TA. Antagonistic Interactions and Clutch-Dependent Sensitivity Induce Variable Responses to Ocean Acidification and Warming in Squid ( Doryteuthis pealeii) Embryos and Paralarvae. Front Physiol 2020; 11:501. [PMID: 32508680 PMCID: PMC7251416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and warming seas are significant concerns for coastal systems and species. The Atlantic longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, a core component of the Northwest Atlantic trophic web, has demonstrated impacts, such as reduced growth and delayed development, under high chronic exposure to acidification (2200 ppm), but the combined effects of OA and warming have not been explored in this species. In this study, D. pealeii egg capsules were reared under a combination of several acidification levels (400, 2200, and 3500 ppm) and temperatures (20 and 27°C). Hatchlings were measured for a range of metrics [dorsal mantle length (DML), yolk sac volume (YV), malformation, and hatching success] in three trials over the 2016 breeding season (May – October). Although notable resistance to stressors was seen, highlighting variability within and between clutches, reduced DML and malformation of the embryos occurred at the highest OA exposure. Surprisingly, increased temperatures did not appear to exacerbate OA impacts, although responses were variable. Time to hatching, which increased with acidification, decreased much more drastically under warming and, further, decreased or removed delays caused by acidification. Hatching success, while variable by clutch, showed consistent patterns of greater late stage loss of embryos under acidification and greater early stage loss under warming, highlighting the potential difference in timing between these stressors for this system, i.e., that acidification stress builds up and causes impacts over time within the egg capsule as the embryos grow and respire. High OA-exposed hatchlings from the warmer conditions often showed reduced impacts compared to those reared in ambient temperatures. This may be due to the increased developmental rate and subsequently reduced OA exposure time of embryos in the higher temperature treatment. These results indicate a substantive potential plasticity to multiple stressors during the embryonic development of this species of squid, but do not predict how this species would fare under these future ocean scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Zakroff
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
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12
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Spady BL, Nay TJ, Rummer JL, Munday PL, Watson SA. Aerobic performance of two tropical cephalopod species unaltered by prolonged exposure to projected future carbon dioxide levels. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz024. [PMID: 31198560 PMCID: PMC6554595 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Squid and many other cephalopods live continuously on the threshold of their environmental oxygen limitations. If the abilities of squid to effectively take up oxygen are negatively affected by projected future carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in ways similar to those demonstrated in some fish and invertebrates, it could affect the success of squid in future oceans. While there is evidence that acute exposure to elevated CO2 has adverse effects on cephalopod respiratory performance, no studies have investigated this in an adult cephalopod after relatively prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 or determined any effects on aerobic scope. Here, we tested the effects of prolonged exposure (≥20% of lifespan) to elevated CO2 levels (~1000 μatm) on the routine and maximal oxygen uptake rates, aerobic scope and recovery time of two tropical cephalopod species, the two-toned pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus and the bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Neither species exhibited evidence of altered aerobic performance after exposure to elevated CO2 when compared to individuals held at control conditions. The recovery time of I. pygmaeus under both control and elevated CO2 conditions was less than 1 hour, whereas S. lessoniana required approximately 8 hours to recover fully following maximal aerobic performance. This difference in recovery time may be due to the more sedentary behaviours of I. pygmaeus. The ability of these two cephalopod species to cope with prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 without detriment to their aerobic performance suggests some resilience to an increasingly high CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Spady
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tiffany J Nay
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Ponte G, Andrews P, Galligioni V, Pereira J, Fiorito G. Cephalopod Welfare, Biological and Regulatory Aspects: An EU Experience. Anim Welf 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13947-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Birk MA, Dymowska AK, Seibel BA. Do squid breathe through their skin? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.185553. [PMID: 30111556 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Squid are thought to obtain a large portion of their oxygen via simple diffusion across the skin in addition to uptake at the gills. Although this hypothesis has support from indirect evidence and is widely accepted, no empirical examinations have been conducted to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In this study, we examined cutaneous respiration in two squid species, Doryteuthis pealeii and Lolliguncula brevis, using a divided chamber to physically separate the mantle cavity and gills from the outer mantle surface. We measured oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in the two compartments and found that, at rest, squid only obtain enough oxygen cutaneously to meet the demand of the skin tissue locally (12% of total) and excrete little ammonia across the skin. The majority of oxygen is obtained via the traditional branchial pathway. In light of these findings, we re-examine and discuss the indirect evidence that has supported the cutaneous respiration hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Birk
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Dymowska
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Brad A Seibel
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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15
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Potential role for microRNA in regulating hypoxia-induced metabolic suppression in jumbo squids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:586-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Birk MA, McLean EL, Seibel BA. Ocean acidification does not limit squid metabolism via blood oxygen supply. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.187443. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is hypothesized to limit the performance of squids due to their exceptional oxygen demand and pH-sensitivity of blood-oxygen binding, which may reduce oxygen supply in acidified waters. The critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit), the PO2 below which oxygen supply cannot match basal demand, is a commonly reported index of hypoxia tolerance. Any CO2-induced reduction in oxygen supply should be apparent as an increase in Pcrit. In this study, we assessed the effects of CO2 (46-143 Pa; 455-1410 μatm) on the metabolic rate and Pcrit of two squid species - Dosidicus gigas and Doryteuthis pealeii - through manipulative experiments. We also developed a model, with inputs for hemocyanin pH-sensitivity, blood PCO2, and buffering capacity that simulates blood oxygen supply under varying seawater CO2 partial pressures. We compare model outputs to measured Pcrit in squids. Using blood-O2 parameters from the literature for model inputs, we estimated that, in the absence of blood acid-base regulation, an increase in seawater PCO2 to 100 Pa (≈ 1000 μatm) would result in a maximum drop in arterial hemocyanin-O2 saturation by 1.6% at normoxia and a Pcrit increase of ≈0.5 kPa. Our live-animal experiments support this supposition, as CO2 had no effect on measured metabolic rate or Pcrit in either squid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Birk
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Erin L. McLean
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brad A. Seibel
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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17
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Seibel BA, Luu BE, Tessier SN, Towanda T, Storey KB. Metabolic suppression in the pelagic crab, Pleuroncodes planipes, in oxygen minimum zones. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:88-97. [PMID: 29288744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pelagic red crab, Pleuroncodes planipes, is abundant throughout the Eastern Tropical Pacific in both benthic and pelagic environments to depths of several hundred meters. The oxygen minimum zones in this region reaches oxygen levels as low as 0.1kPa at depths within the crabs vertical range. Crabs maintain aerobic metabolism to a critical PO2 of ~0.27±0.2kPa (10°C), in part by increasing ventilation as oxygen declines. At subcritical oxygen levels, they enhance anaerobic ATP production slightly as indicated by modest increases in lactate levels. However, hypoxia tolerance is primarily mediated via a pronounced suppression of aerobic metabolism (~70%). Metabolic suppression is achieved, primarily, via reduced protein synthesis, which is a major sink for metabolic energy. Posttranslational modifications on histone H3 suggest a condensed chromatin state and, hence, decreased transcription. Under hypoxia, p-H3S10, Ac-H3K9, Ac-H3K14 were 39, 68, and 36% of control values, respectively. We also report a net decrease in protein translation. In particular, eEF2 activity is reduced due to a ~5-fold increase in inhibitory phosphorylation and a significant decrease in protein level. Elevated heat shock proteins suggest that, despite impressive tolerance, the cellular stress response is triggered during hypoxia. We discuss the implications for pelagic ecology and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Seibel
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 830 1st St. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Bryan E Luu
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- BioMEMS Resource Center & Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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18
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Sieck GC. Physiology in Perspective: We Learn From Evolutionary/Comparative Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:390-391. [PMID: 27708044 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00027.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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