1
|
Han D, Jung DI. Gallbladder atrophy associated with pancreatitis: Clinical and advanced imaging diagnosis in a dog. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:435-442. [PMID: 38163047 PMCID: PMC10755810 DOI: 10.17221/76/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder atrophy (GBA) is characterised by a reduction in the size and volume of the gallbladder. In human medicine, it is well-established that GBA frequently occurs together with pathologies affecting the gallbladder and pancreas. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently a dearth of reported cases of GBA in dogs within the veterinary field. In this study, we present a case report of GBA in a 7-year-old Yorkshire Terrier. The diagnosis of GBA was confirmed using abdominal ultrasonography and advanced imaging techniques, including computed tomography, which were performed over a 4-year period. The patient initially presented with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, which were subsequently diagnosed and treated as pancreatitis. Concurrently, a gallbladder nodule and an anomalous structure suspected to be cholelithiasis were identified. However, during the 4-year follow-up, the gallbladder structure regressed, leaving only the presence of the gallbladder nodule. Notably, cholecystectomy was not performed, and apart from pancreatitis-related symptoms, the patient did not show any gallbladder-related problems throughout the spontaneous atrophic process. Based on these findings, we propose that the observed GBA was likely induced by cholecystitis associated with pancreatitis. This case underscores the significance of considering GBA as a potential diagnosis in canine patients presenting with pancreatitis and gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, it highlights the value of comprehensive diagnostic imaging in accurately determining the underlying cause of these symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Han
- Choi Youngmin Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chandra L, Borcherding DC, Kingsbury D, Atherly T, Ambrosini YM, Bourgois-Mochel A, Yuan W, Kimber M, Qi Y, Wang Q, Wannemuehler M, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Martin M, Skala M, Meyerholz D, Estes M, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Jergens AE, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Derivation of adult canine intestinal organoids for translational research in gastroenterology. BMC Biol 2019; 17:33. [PMID: 30975131 PMCID: PMC6460554 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large animal models, such as the dog, are increasingly being used for studying diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Dogs share similar environmental, genomic, anatomical, and intestinal physiologic features with humans. To bridge the gap between commonly used animal models, such as rodents, and humans, and expand the translational potential of the dog model, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) canine GI organoid (enteroid and colonoid) system. Organoids have recently gained interest in translational research as this model system better recapitulates the physiological and molecular features of the tissue environment in comparison with two-dimensional cultures. Results Organoids were derived from tissue of more than 40 healthy dogs and dogs with GI conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal carcinomas. Adult intestinal stem cells (ISC) were isolated from whole jejunal tissue as well as endoscopically obtained duodenal, ileal, and colonic biopsy samples using an optimized culture protocol. Intestinal organoids were comprehensively characterized using histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy, to determine the extent to which they recapitulated the in vivo tissue characteristics. Physiological relevance of the enteroid system was defined using functional assays such as optical metabolic imaging (OMI), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function assay, and Exosome-Like Vesicles (EV) uptake assay, as a basis for wider applications of this technology in basic, preclinical and translational GI research. We have furthermore created a collection of cryopreserved organoids to facilitate future research. Conclusions We establish the canine GI organoid systems as a model to study naturally occurring intestinal diseases in dogs and humans, and that can be used for toxicology studies, for analysis of host-pathogen interactions, and for other translational applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance Chandra
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Dawn Kingsbury
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Wang Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kimber
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yijun Qi
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Wannemuehler
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Division of Comparative Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mary Estes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watson P. Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:3-12. [PMID: 25586802 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, is commonly seen in dogs and cats and presents a spectrum of disease severities from acute to chronic and mild to severe. It is usually sterile, but the causes and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. The acute end of the disease spectrum is associated with a high mortality but the potential for complete recovery of organ structure and function if the animal survives. At the other end of the spectrum, chronic pancreatitis in either species can cause refractory pain and reduce quality of life. It may also result in progressive exocrine and endocrine functional impairment. There is confusion in the veterinary literature about definitions of acute and chronic pancreatitis and there are very few studies on the pathophysiology of naturally occurring pancreatitis in dogs and cats. This article reviews histological and clinical definitions and current understanding of the pathophysiology and causes in small animals by comparison with the much more extensive literature in humans, and suggests many areas that need further study in dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spildrejorde M, Bartlett R, Stokes L, Jalilian I, Peranec M, Sluyter V, Curtis BL, Skarratt KK, Skora A, Bakhsh T, Seavers A, McArthur JD, Dowton M, Sluyter R. R270C polymorphism leads to loss of function of the canine P2X7 receptor. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:512-22. [PMID: 24824213 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00195.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative function of the P2X7 receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel, varies between humans due to polymorphisms in the P2RX7 gene. This study aimed to assess the functional impact of P2X7 variation in a random sample of the canine population. Blood and genomic DNA were obtained from 69 dogs selected as representatives of a cross section of different breeds. P2X7 function was determined by flow cytometric measurements of dye uptake and patch-clamp measurements of inward currents. P2X7 expression was determined by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Sequencing was used to identify P2RX7 gene polymorphisms. P2X7 was cloned from an English springer spaniel, and point mutations were introduced into this receptor by site-directed mutagenesis. The relative function of P2X7 on monocytes varied between individual dogs. The canine P2RX7 gene encoded four missense polymorphisms: F103L and P452S, found in heterozygous and homozygous dosage, and R270C and R365Q, found only in heterozygous dosage. Moreover, R270C and R365Q were associated with the cocker spaniel and Labrador retriever, respectively. F103L, R270C, and R365Q but not P452S corresponded to decreased P2X7 function in monocytes but did not explain the majority of differences in P2X7 function between dogs, indicating that other factors contribute to this variability. Heterologous expression of site-directed mutants of P2X7 in human embryonic kidney-293 cells indicated that the R270C mutant was nonfunctional, the F103L and R365Q mutants had partly reduced function, and the P452S mutant functioned normally. Taken together, these data highlight that a R270C polymorphism has major functional impact on canine P2X7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Spildrejorde
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rachael Bartlett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Leanne Stokes
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia; Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - Iman Jalilian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michelle Peranec
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Vanessa Sluyter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Kristen K Skarratt
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - Amanda Skora
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Aine Seavers
- Oak Flats Veterinary Clinic, Oak Flats, Australia
| | - Jason D McArthur
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Mark Dowton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuajit C, Homvisasevongsa S, Chatsudthipong L, Soodvilai S, Muanprasat C, Chatsudthipong V. Steviol reduces MDCK Cyst formation and growth by inhibiting CFTR channel activity and promoting proteasome-mediated CFTR degradation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58871. [PMID: 23536832 PMCID: PMC3594167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves cAMP-activated proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells and transepithelial fluid secretion into the cyst lumen via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. This study aimed to investigate an inhibitory effect and detailed mechanisms of steviol and its derivatives on cyst growth using a cyst model in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Among 4 steviol-related compounds tested, steviol was found to be the most potent at inhibiting MDCK cyst growth. Steviol inhibition of cyst growth was dose-dependent; steviol (100 microM) reversibly inhibited cyst formation and cyst growth by 72.53.6% and 38.2±8.5%, respectively. Steviol at doses up to 200 microM had no effect on MDCK cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. However, steviol acutely inhibited forskolin-stimulated apical chloride current in MDCK epithelia, measured with the Ussing chamber technique, in a dose-dependent manner. Prolonged treatment (24 h) with steviol (100 microM) also strongly inhibited forskolin-stimulated apical chloride current, in part by reducing CFTR protein expression in MDCK cells. Interestingly, proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, abolished the effect of steviol on CFTR protein expression. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that prolonged treatment (24 h) with steviol (100 microM) markedly reduced CFTR expression at the plasma membrane. Taken together, the data suggest that steviol retards MDCK cyst progression in two ways: first by directly inhibiting CFTR chloride channel activity and second by reducing CFTR expression, in part, by promoting proteasomal degradation of CFTR. Steviol and related compounds therefore represent drug candidates for treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowalit Yuajit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Homvisasevongsa
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Lisa Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|