An overview of innovative techniques to improve cervical cancer screening

Cervical Cancer: Early Detection and Prevention in Reproductive Age Group

Cancer has been one of the major illnesses faced by people over many generations. Despite the advancements made in medicine, there are still many problems faced by humankind. Every year a large number of people are diagnosed with cervical cancer. It is the most common type of cancerous condition prevalent among females, especially females over thirty years of age. Like any other cancer, cervical cancer also occurs because of the rapid uncontrolled division of the body cells. A primary reason for its development is the longstanding infection of certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). A screening test is done to confirm the presence of the virus in the cervix. Many screening tests are available today for accurate diagnosis or confirmation of the condition being suffered from. The main goal of screening is early detection and making certain lifestyle changes to deduce the potential harm of the disease and start the treatment as soon as possible. A thorough study of the already published articles by scholars, professors, and doctors is carried out to conclude the necessity of cervical cancer screening and early detection.

Plasma proteome analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Although cervical cancer is preventable with early detection, it remains the second most common malignancy among women. An understanding of how proteins change in their expression during a particular diseased state such as cervical cancer will contribute to an understanding of how the disease develops and progresses. Potentially, it may also lead to the ability to predict the occurrence of the disease. With this in mind, we aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of cervical cancer patients. Plasma from control, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stage IV subjects was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the resulting proteome profiles compared. Differentially expressed protein spots were then identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the plasma of CIN 3 and SCC stage IV samples when compared with that of controls. Competitive ELISA further validated the expression of cytokeratin 19 and tetranectin. Functional analyses of these differentially expressed proteins will provide further insight into their potential role(s) in cervical cancer-specific monitoring and therapeutics.