New treatment strategies against hepatitis C viral infection

Barriers to care of chronic hepatitis patients in Latin America

Delay in diagnosis of chronic hepatitis due to HCV or HBV is mainly caused by lack of information about these prevalent and life-threatening disorders. Diagnostic tests are either not easily available or not requested by primary care physicians. When cases positive for hepatitis-B markers or anti-HCV are found, misleading guidance may be given to patients. Absence of symptoms associated with lack of information is another barrier to the care of chronic hepatitis patients. Management of these diseases is not simple, and treatment options and schedules are in rapid and continuous evolution. Surveillance of patients with chronic hepatitis before, during and after antiviral therapy is mandatory. For patients with no indication for therapy, identification of optimal follow-up frequency constitutes a problem, as does determination of the correct amount and type of diagnostic tests to be used. Another important barrier to care of patients with chronic hepatitis is the absence of an ideal drug, namely, one that is inexpensive, does not have collateral effects, and has very high percentages of cure or resolution. Access to therapy is uncertain, and the side effects of interferon frighten some patients and physicians. Lack of adherence to the medication, early interruption, and the need for other supportive therapies are frequent barriers to successful treatment.