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Eilts F, Labisch JJ, Orbay S, Harsy YMJ, Steger M, Pagallies F, Amann R, Pflanz K, Wolff MW. Stability studies for the identification of critical process parameters for a pharmaceutical production of the Orf virus. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00722-3. [PMID: 37353451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
A promising new vaccine platform is based on the Orf virus, a viral vector of the genus Parapoxvirus, which is currently being tested in phase I clinical trials. The application as a vaccine platform mandates a well-characterised, robust, and efficient production process. To identify critical process parameters in the production process affecting the virus' infectivity, the Orf virus was subjected to forced degradation studies, including thermal, pH, chemical, and mechanical stress conditions. The tests indicated a robust virus infectivity within a pH range of 5-7.4 and in the presence of the tested buffering substances (TRIS, HEPES, PBS). The ionic strength up to 0.5 M had no influence on the Orf virus' infectivity stability for NaCl and MgCl2, while NH4Cl destabilized significantly. Furthermore, short-term thermal stress of 2d up to 37 °C and repeated freeze-thaw cycles (20cycles) did not affect the virus' infectivity. The addition of recombinant human serum albumin was found to reduce virus inactivation. Last, the Orf virus showed a low shear sensitivity induced by peristaltic pumps and mixing, but was sensitive to ultrasonication. The isoelectric point of the applied Orf virus genotype D1707-V was determined at pH3.5. The broad picture of the Orf virus' infectivity stability against environmental parameters is an important contribution for the identification of critical process parameters for the production process, and supports the development of a stable pharmaceutical formulation. The work is specifically relevant for enveloped (large DNA) viruses, like the Orf virus and like most vectored vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Eilts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Labisch
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sabri Orbay
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasmina M J Harsy
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marleen Steger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15/3.008, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15/3.008, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Prime Vector Technologies, Herrenberger Straße 24, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karl Pflanz
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Chaix E, Boni M, Guillier L, Bertagnoli S, Mailles A, Collignon C, Kooh P, Ferraris O, Martin-Latil S, Manuguerra JC, Haddad N. Risk of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) transmission through the handling and consumption of food. MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 22:100237. [PMID: 36320929 PMCID: PMC9595349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family and the Orthopoxvirus genus. Since early May 2022, a growing number of human cases of Monkeypox have been reported in non-endemic countries, with no history of contact with animals imported from endemic and enzootic areas, or travel to an area where the virus usually circulated before May 2022. This qualitative risk assessment aimed to investigate the probability that MPXV transmission occurs through food during its handling and consumption. The risk assessment used "top-down" (based on epidemiological data) and "bottom-up" (following the agent through the food chain to assess the risk of foodborne transmission to human) approaches, which were combined. The "top-down" approach first concluded that bushmeat was the only food suspected as a source of contamination in recorded cases of MPXV, by contact or ingestion. The "bottom-up" approach then evaluated the chain of events required for a human to become ill after handling or consuming food. This approach involves several conditions: (i) the food must be contaminated with MPXV (naturally, by an infected handler or after contact with a contaminated surface); (ii) the food must contain viable virus when it reaches the handler or consumer; (iii) the person must be exposed to the virus and; (iv) the person must be infected after exposure. Throughout the risk assessment, some data gaps were identified and highlighted. The conclusions of the top-down and bottom-up approaches are consistent and suggest that the risk of transmission of MPXV through food is hypothetical and that such an occurrence was never reported. In case of contamination, cooking (e.g., 12 min at 70°C) could be considered effective in inactivating Poxviridae in foods. Recommendations for risk management are proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first risk assessment performed on foodborne transmission of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Chaix
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Île-de-France, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mickaël Boni
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Île-de-France, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Bertagnoli
- École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, IHAP, Toulouse F-31076, France
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Catherine Collignon
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Île-de-France, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Kooh
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Île-de-France, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, University of Paris-EST, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Nadia Haddad
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
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El-Mahdy SS, Mikheal C. Efficacy of fowl pox vaccines against Egyptian isolated strain during 2012. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.656-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Thermal inactivation of Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2687-91. [PMID: 24906524 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) are not yet known. The present study describes the thermal stability of this virus at different temperatures for different periods. The kinetics of thermal inactivation were studied, linear regressions were plotted, the Arrhenius equation was applied, and the activation energy was calculated accordingly. Titers of the residual virus were determined in median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), and the rate of destruction of infectivity at various temperatures was determined. Infectivity of AHFV was completely lost upon heating for 3 minutes at 60 °C and for 30 min at 56 °C. However, the virus could maintain 33.2 % of its titer after heating for 60 min at 45 °C and 32 % of its titer after heating for 60 min at 50 °C. In conclusion, AHFV is thermo-labile, and its inactivation follows first-order kinetics.
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