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Ma Y, Li S. Purification of Total RNAs and Small RNAs from Fruit Tree Leaf Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:217-224. [PMID: 34905205 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perennial fruit crops are susceptible to many viral pathogens, which often lead to declines in quality and yield. For the production of good quality and virus-free propagation materials, conventional molecular detection methods combining high throughput sequencing technology have been widely applied to virus detection and discovery in fruit trees. Recovery of high-quality RNAs from fruit tree leaf tissues, the critical step for the subsequent molecular analysis, is often complicated by the presence of high levels of RNases and problematic biomolecules. Therefore, the universal extraction methods often require modification according to different properties of various tissues. In this chapter, we provide a set of methods that have been used successfully to isolate total RNAs and small RNAs from various fruit tree leaf tissues and as examples, presented in detail of a modified TRIzol method for total RNAs purification from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf tissues and an alternative small RNAs purification protocol using mirVana™ miRNA isolation kit (Ambion/Life Technologies) for some fruit tree leaf tissues. The protocols described here aim to provide examples of what have worked successfully for a range of fruit trees and may be successful for a given sample in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shifang Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Damaj MB, Jifon JL, Woodard SL, Vargas-Bautista C, Barros GOF, Molina J, White SG, Damaj BB, Nikolov ZL, Mandadi KK. Unprecedented enhancement of recombinant protein production in sugarcane culms using a combinatorial promoter stacking system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13713. [PMID: 32792533 PMCID: PMC7426418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a safe and cost-effective platform for producing high-value proteins with pharmaceutical properties; however, the ability to accumulate these in commercially viable quantities is challenging. Ideal crops to serve as biofactories would include low-input, fast-growing, high-biomass species such as sugarcane. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient expression system to enable large-scale production of high-value recombinant proteins in sugarcane culms. Bovine lysozyme (BvLz) is a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial enzyme used in the food, cosmetics and agricultural industries. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve high-level expression of recombinant proteins using a combinatorial stacked promoter system. We demonstrate this by co-expressing BvLz under the control of multiple constitutive and culm-regulated promoters on separate expression vectors and combinatorial plant transformation. BvLz accumulation reached 1.4% of total soluble protein (TSP) (10.0 mg BvLz/kg culm mass) in stacked multiple promoter:BvLz lines, compared to 0.07% of TSP (0.56 mg/kg) in single promoter:BvLz lines. BvLz accumulation was further boosted to 11.5% of TSP (82.5 mg/kg) through event stacking by re-transforming the stacked promoter:BvLz lines with additional BvLz expression vectors. The protein accumulation achieved with the combinatorial promoter stacking expression system was stable in multiple vegetative propagations, demonstrating the feasibility of using sugarcane as a biofactory for producing high-value proteins and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona B Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
| | - John L Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2133, USA
| | - Susan L Woodard
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, 100 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX, 77843-4482, USA
| | - Carol Vargas-Bautista
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Georgia O F Barros
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Joe Molina
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Steven G White
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Bassam B Damaj
- Innovus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8845 Rehco Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Zivko L Nikolov
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA.
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Gao SJ, Damaj MB, Park JW, Beyene G, Buenrostro-Nava MT, Molina J, Wang X, Ciomperlik JJ, Manabayeva SA, Alvarado VY, Rathore KS, Scholthof HB, Mirkov TE. Enhanced transgene expression in sugarcane by co-expression of virus-encoded RNA silencing suppressors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66046. [PMID: 23799071 PMCID: PMC3682945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene silencing is commonly observed in polyploid species and often poses a major limitation to plant improvement via biotechnology. Five plant viral suppressors of RNA silencing were evaluated for their ability to counteract gene silencing and enhance the expression of the Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein (EYFP) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in sugarcane, a major sugar and biomass producing polyploid. Functionality of these suppressors was first verified in Nicotiana benthamiana and onion epidermal cells, and later tested by transient expression in sugarcane young leaf segments and protoplasts. In young leaf segments co-expressing a suppressor, EYFP reached its maximum expression at 48-96 h post-DNA introduction and maintained its peak expression for a longer time compared with that in the absence of a suppressor. Among the five suppressors, Tomato bushy stunt virus-encoded P19 and Barley stripe mosaic virus-encoded γb were the most efficient. Co-expression with P19 and γb enhanced EYFP expression 4.6-fold and 3.6-fold in young leaf segments, and GUS activity 2.3-fold and 2.4-fold in protoplasts compared with those in the absence of a suppressor, respectively. In transgenic sugarcane, co-expression of GUS and P19 suppressor showed the highest accumulation of GUS levels with an average of 2.7-fold more than when GUS was expressed alone, with no detrimental phenotypic effects. The two established transient expression assays, based on young leaf segments and protoplasts, and confirmed by stable transgene expression, offer a rapid versatile system to verify the efficiency of RNA silencing suppressors that proved to be valuable in enhancing and stabilizing transgene expression in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Ji Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mona B. Damaj
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Weslaco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Weslaco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Getu Beyene
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Joe Molina
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Weslaco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, VirginiaTech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Ciomperlik
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shuga A. Manabayeva
- National Center for Biotechnology of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Veria Y. Alvarado
- Stoller Enterprises, Inc., Norman E. Borlaug Center for Southern Crop Improvement, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keerti S. Rathore
- Laboratory for Crop Transformation, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Norman E. Borlaug Center for Southern Crop Improvement, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Herman B. Scholthof
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - T. Erik Mirkov
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Weslaco, Texas, United States of America
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Damaj MB, Kumpatla SP, Emani C, Beremand PD, Reddy AS, Rathore KS, Buenrostro-Nava MT, Curtis IS, Thomas TL, Mirkov TE. Sugarcane DIRIGENT and O-methyltransferase promoters confer stem-regulated gene expression in diverse monocots. PLANTA 2010; 231:1439-58. [PMID: 20352262 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcription profiling analysis identified Saccharum hybrid DIRIGENT (SHDIR16) and Omicron-Methyltransferase (SHOMT), putative defense and fiber biosynthesis-related genes that are highly expressed in the stem of sugarcane, a major sucrose accumulator and biomass producer. Promoters (Pro) of these genes were isolated and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Transient and stable transgene expression analyses showed that both Pro( DIR16 ):GUS and Pro( OMT ):GUS retain the expression characteristics of their respective endogenous genes in sugarcane and function in orthologous monocot species, including rice, maize and sorghum. Furthermore, both promoters conferred stem-regulated expression, which was further enhanced in the stem and induced in the leaf and root by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate, key regulators of biotic and abiotic stresses. Pro( DIR16 ) and Pro( OMT ) will enable functional gene analysis in monocots, and will facilitate engineering monocots for improved carbon metabolism, enhanced stress tolerance and bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona B Damaj
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA
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