1
|
The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030188. [PMID: 35324685 PMCID: PMC8954725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination presents several problems: in humans, health issues arise from infections with opportunistic filamentous fungi and yeast, while in food, fungi cause spoilage and, in particular, in the case of mycotoxigenic fungi, can cause serious health issues. Several types of fatty acids and their derivatives, oxylipins, have been found to have inhibitory effect towards fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins. The use of fatty acids as antifungals could fulfil consumer’s requests of more natural and environmentally friendly compounds, while being less likely to promote fungal resistance. In addition, due to their nature, fatty acids are easily used as food additives. In this work, we review the most relevant and recent studies on the antifungal ability of fatty acids. We focused on saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and oxylipins, their different impact on fungal inhibition, their proposed modes of action, and their ability to impair mycotoxin production. Applications of fatty acids as antifungals and their limitations are also addressed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu M, Wang Y, Sun L, Deng Q, Zhao J. Fatty Acids and Oxylipins as Antifungal and Anti-Mycotoxin Agents in Food: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120852. [PMID: 34941690 PMCID: PMC8707646 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination of food, especially by mycotoxigenic fungi, not only reduces the quality of the food, but can also cause serious diseases, thus posing a major food safety challenge to humans. Apart from sound food control systems, there is also a continual need to explore antifungal agents that can inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production in food. Many types of fatty acids (FAs) and their oxidized derivatives, oxylipins, have been found to exhibit such effects. In this review, we provide an update on the most recent literature on the occurrence and formation of FAs and oxylipins in food, their effects on fungal growth and mycotoxin synthesis, as well as the genetic and molecular mechanisms of actions. Research gaps in the field and needs for further studies in order to realizing the potential of FAs and oxylipins as natural antifungal preservatives in food are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Q.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Q.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Q.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Q.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The inhibitory mechanism of methyl jasmonate on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis and two novel transcription factors are involved in this action. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Bisceglie F, Degola F, Rogolino D, Giannelli G, Orsoni N, Spadola G, Pioli M, Restivo FM, Carcelli M, Pelosi G. Sisters in structure but different in character, some benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde derivatives differentially tune Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17686. [PMID: 33077881 PMCID: PMC7572373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Great are the expectations for a new generation of antimicrobials, and strenuous are the research efforts towards the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds-possibly of natural origin - aimed at the synthesis of new compounds against the spread of hazardous fungi. Also high but winding are the paths leading to the definition of biological targets specifically fitting the drug's structural characteristics. The present study is addressed to inspect differential biological behaviours of cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone scaffolds, exploiting the secondary metabolism of the mycotoxigenic phytopathogen Aspergillus flavus. Interestingly, owing to modifications on the parent chemical scaffold, some thiosemicarbazones displayed an increased specificity against one or more developmental processes (conidia germination, aflatoxin biosynthesis, sclerotia production) of A. flavus biology. Through the comparative analysis of results, the ligand-based screening strategy here described has allowed us to delineate which modifications are more promising for distinct purposes: from the control of mycotoxins contamination in food and feed commodities, to the environmental management of microbial pathogens, to the investigation of specific structure-activity features for new generation drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Bisceglie
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Degola
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Orsoni
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Spadola
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Pioli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Restivo
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10737-10753. [PMID: 33064185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been reported as a compound that can induce ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis, an important secondary metabolite of G. lucidum. Herein, MeJA was found to increase the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, upregulation of GA biosynthesis in the presence of MeJA was abolished when NO was depleted from the culture. This result demonstrated that MeJA-regulated GA biosynthesis might occur via NO signaling. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we used gene-silenced strains of nitrate reductase (NR) and the inhibitor of NR to illustrate the role of NO in MeJA induction. The results indicated that the increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA was activated by NR-generated NO. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the reduction of NO could induce GA levels in the control group, but NO could also activate GA biosynthesis upon MeJA treatment. Further results indicated that NR silencing reversed the increased enzymatic activity of NOX to generate ROS due to MeJA induction. Importantly, our results highlight the NR-generated NO functions in signaling crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and MeJA. These results provide a good opportunity to determine the potential pathway linking NO to the ROS signaling pathway in fungi treated with MeJA. KEY POINTS: • MeJA increased the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO) in G. lucidum. • The increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA is activated by NR-generated NO. • NO acts as a signaling molecule between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MeJA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kollia E, Proestos C, Zoumpoulakis P, Markaki P. Capsaicin, an inhibitor of Ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus section Nigri strains in grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1709-1721. [PMID: 31437087 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1652771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Food decay by spoilage fungi leads to significant economic losses and hazards to consumers' health due to the potential of mycotoxin occurrence. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin known as nephrotoxic and carcinogenic to humans. Natural capsaicin was evaluated for its effectiveness against the growth of five Aspergillus section Nigri strains and accumulation of OTA in inoculated black grapes. Results showed that capsaicin was effective in inhibiting fungal growth and OTA production by new four Aspergillus section Nigri strains (ATHUM 6997, 6998, 6999, 7000) and by Aspergillus carbonarius as well. Moreover, capsaicin addition exhibited maximum inhibition of OTA produced by ATHUM 6997, 6998, 6999, and 7000 in black grapes at 28.9%, 8.6%, 68.4%, and 78.1%, respectively. Inhibition percentage of OTA production by A. carbonarius in grapes treated with capsaicin was estimated at 61.5%. These results suggest that capsaicin influences the OTA biosynthesis pathway of all Aspergillus section Nigri strains and therefore could be used as an effective natural preservative against OTA contamination of vineyards. Risk assessment revealed that when grapes are treated with capsaicin, consumers are less exposed to OTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kollia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Markaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Degola F, Marzouk B, Gori A, Brunetti C, Dramis L, Gelati S, Buschini A, Restivo FM. Aspergillus flavus as a Model System to Test the Biological Activity of Botanicals: An Example on Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad. Organic Extracts. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050286. [PMID: 31121811 PMCID: PMC6563254 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrader is an annual plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, widely distributed in the desert areas of the Mediterranean basin. Many pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-epileptic) are ascribed to different organs of this plant; extracts and derivatives of C. colocynthis are used in folk Berber medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases-such as rheumatism arthritis, hypertension bronchitis, mastitis, and even cancer. Clinical studies aimed at confirming the chemical and biological bases of pharmacological activity assigned to many plant/herb extracts used in folk medicine often rely on results obtained from laboratory preliminary tests. We investigated the biological activity of some C. colocynthis stem, leaf, and root extracts on the mycotoxigenic and phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus, testing a possible correlation between the inhibitory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, the phytochemical composition of extracts, and their in vitro antioxidant capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Belsem Marzouk
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Antonella Gori
- Tree and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Tree and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lucia Dramis
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gelati
- Department of Packaging, Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco M Restivo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Insight into Genes Regulating Postharvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Tetraploid Peanut from Transcriptional Profiling. Genetics 2018; 209:143-156. [PMID: 29545468 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postharvest aflatoxin contamination is a challenging issue that affects peanut quality. Aflatoxin is produced by fungi belonging to the Aspergilli group, and is known as an acutely toxic, carcinogenic, and immune-suppressing class of mycotoxins. Evidence for several host genetic factors that may impact aflatoxin contamination has been reported, e.g., genes for lipoxygenase (PnLOX1 and PnLOX2/PnLOX3 that showed either positive or negative regulation with Aspergillus infection), reactive oxygen species, and WRKY (highly associated with or differentially expressed upon infection of maize with Aspergillus flavus); however, their roles remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted an RNA-sequencing experiment to differentiate gene response to the infection by A. flavus between resistant (ICG 1471) and susceptible (Florida-07) cultivated peanut genotypes. The gene expression profiling analysis was designed to reveal differentially expressed genes in response to the infection (infected vs. mock-treated seeds). In addition, the differential expression of the fungal genes was profiled. The study revealed the complexity of the interaction between the fungus and peanut seeds as the expression of a large number of genes was altered, including some in the process of plant defense to aflatoxin accumulation. Analysis of the experimental data with "keggseq," a novel designed tool for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, showed the importance of α-linolenic acid metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, spliceosome, and carbon fixation and metabolism pathways in conditioning resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. In addition, coexpression network analysis was carried out to reveal the correlation of gene expression among peanut and fungal genes. The results showed the importance of WRKY, toll/Interleukin1 receptor-nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR), ethylene, and heat shock proteins in the resistance mechanism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chemical and Bioactive Profiling of Wild Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
A chemical approach to manipulate the algal growth, lipid content and high-value alpha-linolenic acid for biodiesel production. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
11
|
Sun T, Zou L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang X. Methyl jasmonate induces triterpenoid biosynthesis in Inonotus baumii. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1284023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xutong Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clevenger J, Marasigan K, Liakos V, Sobolev V, Vellidis G, Holbrook C, Ozias-Akins P. RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and Points to a Potential Susceptibility Factor. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E317. [PMID: 27827875 PMCID: PMC5127114 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) is a major problem facing peanut production worldwide. Produced by the ubiquitous soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin is the most naturally occurring known carcinogen. The interaction between fungus and host resulting in PAC is complex, and breeding for PAC resistance has been slow. It has been shown that aflatoxin production can be induced by applying drought stress as peanut seeds mature. We have implemented an automated rainout shelter that controls temperature and moisture in the root and peg zone to induce aflatoxin production. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), seeds meeting the following conditions were selected: infected with Aspergillus flavus and contaminated with aflatoxin; and not contaminated with aflatoxin. RNA sequencing analysis revealed groups of genes that describe the transcriptional state of contaminated vs. uncontaminated seed. These data suggest that fatty acid biosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling are altered in contaminated seeds and point to a potential susceptibility factor, ABR1, as a repressor of ABA signaling that may play a role in permitting PAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Clevenger
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Kathleen Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Vasileios Liakos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Victor Sobolev
- USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842, USA.
| | - George Vellidis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Corley Holbrook
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Res. Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kollia E, Proestos C, Zoumpoulakis P, Markaki P. Inhibitory effect ofCynara cardunculusL. extract on aflatoxin B1 production byAspergillus parasiticusin sesame (Sesamum indicumL.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1206928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Shi L, Gong L, Zhang X, Ren A, Gao T, Zhao M. The regulation of methyl jasmonate on hyphal branching and GA biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum partly via ROS generated by NADPH oxidase. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 81:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors that relay signals from the external environment inside the cell, allowing an organism to adapt to its surroundings. They are known to detect a vast array of ligands, including sugars, amino acids, pheromone peptides, nitrogen sources, oxylipins, and light. Despite their prevalence in fungal genomes, very little is known about the functions of filamentous fungal GPCRs. Here we present the first full-genome assessment of fungal GPCRs through characterization of null mutants of all 15 GPCRs encoded by the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. All strains were assessed for growth, development, ability to produce aflatoxin, and response to carbon sources, nitrogen sources, stress agents, and lipids. Most GPCR mutants were aberrant in one or more response processes, possibly indicative of cross talk in downstream signaling pathways. Interestingly, the biological defects of the mutants did not correspond with assignment to established GPCR classes; this is likely due to the paucity of data for characterized fungal GPCRs. Many of the GPCR transcripts were differentially regulated under various conditions as well. The data presented here provide an extensive overview of the full set of GPCRs encoded by A. flavus and provide a framework for analysis in other fungal species. Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen of crops and animals, including humans, and it produces a carcinogenic toxin called aflatoxin. Because of this, A. flavus accounts for food shortages and economic losses in addition to sickness and death. Effective means of combating this pathogen are needed to mitigate its deleterious effects. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are often used as therapeutic targets due to their signal specificity, and it is estimated that half of all drugs target GPCRs. In fungi such as A. flavus, GPCRs are likely necessary for sensing the changes in the environment, including food sources, developmental signals, stress agents, and signals from other organisms. Therefore, elucidating their functions in A. flavus could identify ideal receptors against which to develop antagonists.
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of aqueous extracts of Mentha arvensis (mint) and Piper betle (betel) on growth and citrinin production from toxigenic Penicillium citrinum. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3466-74. [PMID: 26028728 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to growing concern of consumers about chemical residues in food products, the demand for safe and natural food is increasing greatly. The use of natural additives such as spices and herbal oil as seasoning agents for their antimicrobial activity has been extensively investigated. This paper discusses the efficacy of the aqueous extract of mint (Mentha arvensis) and betel (Piper betle) on the mycelial growth and citrinin production of Penicillium citrinum. The present investigation revealed that mint extract inhibited citrinin production up to 73 % without inhibiting the mycelium growth. The citrinin production decreased with increase in the concentration of mint extract as observed from the data obtained from High pressure liquid chromatography. The samples also showed reduced cytotoxicity on HeLa cells. On the other hand betel extract resulted in stimulatory effect on citrinin production and mycelial growth. The study showed that mint extract has the potential to be used safely for restraining citrinin contamination.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren A, Li MJ, Shi L, Mu DS, Jiang AL, Han Q, Zhao MW. Profiling and quantifying differential gene transcription provide insights into ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum in response to methyl jasmonate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65027. [PMID: 23762280 PMCID: PMC3676390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom with traditional medicinal properties that has been widely used in China and other countries in Eastern Asia. Ganoderic acids (GA) produced by G. lucidum exhibit important pharmacological activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a potent inducer of GA biosynthesis and the expression of genes involved in the GA biosynthesis pathway in G. lucidum. To further explore the mechanism of GA biosynthesis, cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed in response to MeJA. Using 64 primer combinations, over 3910 transcriptionally derived fragments (TDFs) were obtained. Reliable sequence data were obtained for 390 of 458 selected TDFs. Ninety of these TDFs were annotated with known functions through BLASTX searching the GenBank database, and 12 annotated TDFs were assigned into secondary metabolic pathways by searching the KEGGPATHWAY database. Twenty-five TDFs were selected for qRT-PCR analysis to confirm the expression patterns observed with cDNA-AFLP. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the altered patterns of gene expression revealed by the cDNA-AFLP technique. Additionally, the transcript levels of 10 genes were measured at the mycelium, primordia, and fruiting body developmental stages of G. lucidum. The greatest expression levels were reached during primordia for all of the genes except cytochrome b2 reached its highest expression level in the mycelium stage. This study not only identifies new candidate genes involved in the regulation of GA biosynthesis but also provides further insight into MeJA-induced gene expression and secondary metabolic response in G. lucidum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Ren
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jiao Li
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Da-Shuai Mu
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Liang Jiang
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qin Han
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Wen Zhao
- Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|