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Borjini N, Lun Y, Jang GF, Crabb J, Chen Y, Crabb J, Fox DA, Ivanov AI, Lin F. CD6 triggers actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling after binding to its receptor complex. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:450-462. [PMID: 37820034 PMCID: PMC10890838 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell marker CD6 regulates both T cells and target cells during inflammatory responses by interacting with its receptors. However, only a few receptors binding to the extracellular domains of CD6 have been identified, and cellular events induced by CD6 engagement with its receptors in target cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified CD44 as a novel CD6 receptor by proximity labeling and confirmed the new CD6-CD44 interaction by biochemical and biophysical approaches. CD44 and the other 2 known CD6 receptors, CD166 and CDCP1, were distributed diffusely on resting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells but clustered together to form a receptor complex upon CD6 binding. CD6 stimulation induced dramatic remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in RPE cells mediated by activation of RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase signaling, resulting in increased myosin II phosphorylation. Such actomyosin activation triggered the disassembly of tight junctions responsible for RPE barrier integrity in a process that required all components of the tripartite CD6 receptor complex. These data provided new insights into the mechanisms by which CD6 mediates T cell-driven disruption of tissue barriers during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Geen-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jack Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2210 Circle Dr Robbins Building, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - John Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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2
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Kura MM, Sodhi A, Sajgane A, Karande A. Anti CD-6 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Generalised Pustular Psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:568-572. [PMID: 36865872 PMCID: PMC9971756 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_180_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is an uncommon, severe, life-threatening variant of psoriasis requiring careful therapeutic approach. Conventional treatment modalities have unsatisfactory outcomes, poor side effect profiles and toxicities that have led to an emerging use of biological therapies. Itolizumab, an anti-CD-6 humanised monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is approved for the management of chronic plaque psoriasis in India. We share our experience of using this drug in three cases of GPP that were failing conventional therapies. Its upstream effect on co-stimulatory pathway in disease pathogenesis is the postulated mechanism. Our experience warrants further large-scale exploration of the role of itolizumab in the management of GPP, which would benefit this severely affected population of patients. Although the definite pathogenesis of GPP is unknown fully, molecules blocking CD-6, which plays a role in the interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), are expected as new promising treatment options for GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra M. Kura
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Government Medical College, Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anmol Sodhi
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Government Medical College, Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Sajgane
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Government Medical College, Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Karande
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Government Medical College, Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Sánchez-Maldonado JM, Cáliz R, López-Nevot MÁ, Cabrera-Serrano AJ, Moñiz-Díez A, Canhão H, Ter Horst R, Quartuccio L, Sorensen SB, Glintborg B, Hetland ML, Filipescu I, Pérez-Pampin E, Conesa-Zamora P, Swierkot J, den Broeder AA, De Vita S, Petersen ERB, Li Y, Ferrer MA, Escudero A, Netea MG, Coenen MJH, Andersen V, Fonseca JE, Jurado M, Bogunia-Kubik K, Collantes E, Sainz J. Validation of GWAS-Identified Variants for Anti-TNF Drug Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Two Large Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672255. [PMID: 34777329 PMCID: PMC8579100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to validate the association of 28 GWAS-identified genetic variants for response to TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in a discovery cohort of 1361 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients monitored in routine care and ascertained through the REPAIR consortium and DANBIO registry. We genotyped selected markers and evaluated their association with response to TNFi after 6 months of treatment according to the change in disease activity score 28 (ΔDAS28). Next, we confirmed the most interesting results through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM cohort that included 706 RA patients treated with TNFi. The meta-analysis of the discovery cohort and DREAM registry including 2067 RA patients revealed an overall association of the LINC02549rs7767069 SNP with a lower improvement in DAS28 that remained significant after correction for multiple testing (per-allele ORMeta=0.83, PMeta=0.000077; PHet=0.61). In addition, we found that each copy of the LRRC55rs717117G allele was significantly associated with lower improvement in DAS28 in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive patients (per-allele ORMeta=0.67, P=0.00058; PHet=0.06) whereas an opposite but not significant effect was detected in RF-negative subjects (per-allele ORMeta=1.38, P=0.10; PHet=0.45; PInteraction=0.00028). Interestingly, although the identified associations did not survive multiple testing correction, the meta-analysis also showed overall and RF-specific associations for the MAFBrs6071980 and CNTN5rs1813443 SNPs with decreased changes in DAS28 (per-allele ORMeta_rs6071980 = 0.85, P=0.0059; PHet=0.63 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF+=0.81, P=0.0059; PHet=0.69 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF-=1.00, P=0.99; PHet=0.12; PInteraction=0.032). Mechanistically, we found that subjects carrying the LINC02549rs7767069T allele had significantly increased numbers of CD45RO+CD45RA+ T cells (P=0.000025) whereas carriers of the LINC02549rs7767069T/T genotype showed significantly increased levels of soluble scavengers CD5 and CD6 in serum (P=0.00037 and P=0.00041). In addition, carriers of the LRRC55rs717117G allele showed decreased production of IL6 after stimulation of PBMCs with B burgdorferi and E coli bacteria (P=0.00046 and P=0.00044), which suggested a reduced IL6-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of this marker to worsen the response to TNFi. In conclusion, this study confirmed the influence of the LINC02549 and LRRC55 loci to determine the response to TNFi in RA patients and suggested a weak effect of the MAFB and CNTN5 loci that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Sánchez-Maldonado
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Cáliz
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Nevot
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Immunology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio José Cabrera-Serrano
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Moñiz-Díez
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School and National School of Public Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Signe B Sorensen
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Glintborg
- The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (DANBIO) Registry, The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete L Hetland
- The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (DANBIO) Registry, The Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ileana Filipescu
- Rheumatology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Pérez-Pampin
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucía University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jerzy Swierkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alfons A den Broeder
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Eva Rabing Brix Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (TWINCORE), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and The Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Miguel A Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofía Hospital/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Department of Medical Area, Clinic of Rheumatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Jurado
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eduardo Collantes
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofía Hospital/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBs) Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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4
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Jung YH, Ryu JS, Yoon CH, Kim MK. Age-Dependent Distinct Distributions of Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Dry Eye Murine Model. Cells 2021; 10:1857. [PMID: 34440626 PMCID: PMC8392312 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether aging-dependent changes in dendritic cell (DC) distributions are distinct in autoimmune dry eye compared with an aging-related murine model. Corneal staining and tear secretion were evaluated in young and aged C57BL/6 (B6) and NOD.B10.H2b mice (NOD). In the corneolimbus, lacrimal gland (LG), and mesenteric lymph node (MLN), CD11b- and CD11b+ DCs, CD103+ DCs and MHC-IIhi B cells were compared between young and aged B6 and NOD mice. With increased corneal staining, tear secretion decreased in both aged B6 and NOD mice (p < 0.001). In both aged B6 and NOD mice, the percentages of corneolimbal CD11b+ DCs were higher (p < 0.05) than those in young mice. While, the percentages of lymph nodal CD103+ DCs were higher in aged B6 and NOD mice (p < 0.05), the percentages of corneolimbal CD103+ DCs were only higher in aged NOD mice (p < 0.05). In aged NOD mice, the proportions of lacrimal glandial and lymph nodal MHC-IIhi B cells were also higher than those in young mice (p < 0.05). It indicates that corneolimbal or lacrimal glandial distribution of CD103+ DCs or MHC-IIhi B cells may be distinct in aged autoimmune dry eye models compared to those in aged immune competent murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jin-Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Mee-Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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5
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AlSaieedi A, Salhi A, Tifratene F, Raies AB, Hungler A, Uludag M, Van Neste C, Bajic VB, Gojobori T, Essack M. DES-Tcell is a knowledgebase for exploring immunology-related literature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14344. [PMID: 34253812 PMCID: PMC8275784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells are a subtype of white blood cells circulating throughout the body, searching for infected and abnormal cells. They have multifaceted functions that include scanning for and directly killing cells infected with intracellular pathogens, eradicating abnormal cells, orchestrating immune response by activating and helping other immune cells, memorizing encountered pathogens, and providing long-lasting protection upon recurrent infections. However, T-cells are also involved in immune responses that result in organ transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, and some allergic diseases. To support T-cell research, we developed the DES-Tcell knowledgebase (KB). This KB incorporates text- and data-mined information that can expedite retrieval and exploration of T-cell relevant information from the large volume of published T-cell-related research. This KB enables exploration of data through concepts from 15 topic-specific dictionaries, including immunology-related genes, mutations, pathogens, and pathways. We developed three case studies using DES-Tcell, one of which validates effective retrieval of known associations by DES-Tcell. The second and third case studies focuses on concepts that are common to Grave’s disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Several reports have shown that up to 20% of GD patients treated with antithyroid medication develop HT, thus suggesting a possible conversion or shift from GD to HT disease. DES-Tcell found miR-4442 links to both GD and HT, and that miR-4442 possibly targets the autoimmune disease risk factor CD6, which provides potential new knowledge derived through the use of DES-Tcell. According to our understanding, DES-Tcell is the first KB dedicated to exploring T-cell-relevant information via literature-mining, data-mining, and topic-specific dictionaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahdab AlSaieedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (FAMS), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589-80324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Salhi
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faroug Tifratene
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Bin Raies
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnaud Hungler
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Atal S, Fatima Z, Balakrishnan S. Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour? BioDrugs 2020; 34:705-711. [PMID: 33048300 PMCID: PMC7551520 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Itolizumab is a first-in-class anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody that was initially developed for various cancers and was later developed and approved in India for treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis in 2013. This drug is now being re-purposed for COVID-19. The potential utility of itolizumab in COVID-19, based on its unique mechanism of action in ameliorating cytokine release syndrome (CRS), was proposed first in Cuba with approval of a single-arm clinical trial and expanded access use. Subsequently, a phase II, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial has been conducted in 30 COVID-19 patients in India after receiving regulatory permission. Based on the results, the Indian drug regulatory agency recently approved itolizumab in July 2020 for ‘restricted emergency use’ for the treatment of CRS in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. This has drawn sharp criticism within the scientific community, with the approval being granted on the basis of a relatively small phase II trial, without conduct of a conventional phase III trial, and lacking availability of the claimed supportive real-world evidence in the public domain to date. In a global scenario where finding a successful treatment for COVID-19 is of utmost priority, a biologic agent has been re-purposed and approved with a successfully completed RCT, in a country where cases and mortality due to COVID-19 are growing exponentially. However, instead of welcoming the approval with open arms, many doubts are being raised. This is an issue that needs to be considered and dealt with sensitively, as well as scientifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, 3rd Floor, Medical College Building, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - Zeenat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, 3rd Floor, Medical College Building, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, India.
| | - Sadasivam Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, 3rd Floor, Medical College Building, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, India
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7
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition known to affect about 1%-3% of the global population. Psoriasis can be a serious burden to the patients, having deleterious effect on their physical, social and mental wellbeing. Systemic therapies consisting of methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, PUVA, etc. used in moderate to severe psoriasis, are associated with end organ toxicity with long term use. AREAS COVERED Role of Itolizumab, an anti CD6 biologic in regulation of lymphocyte development, selection, activation and differentiation in the set-up of psoriasis. We performed a literature review by searching online databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION There is emerging evidence to implicate CD6 and its ligands in the pathogenesis and potentially the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, like psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Its potential advantage over anti TNF biologics in predisposing to lesser risk of tuberculosis and other serious systemic infections or adverse effects makes it a potential valuable asset in the armamentarium of anti-psoriasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research , Chandigarh, India
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8
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Braud VM, Biton J, Becht E, Knockaert S, Mansuet-Lupo A, Cosson E, Damotte D, Alifano M, Validire P, Anjuère F, Cremer I, Girard N, Gossot D, Seguin-Givelet A, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Germain C. Expression of LLT1 and its receptor CD161 in lung cancer is associated with better clinical outcome. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423184. [PMID: 29721382 PMCID: PMC5927544 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate the immune response and cancer progression. Their expression and regulation are still not fully characterized and a better understanding of these mechanisms is needed to improve current immunotherapies. Our previous work has identified a novel ligand/receptor pair, LLT1/CD161, that modulates immune responses. Here, we extensively characterize its expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We show that LLT1 expression is restricted to germinal center (GC) B cells within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), representing a new hallmark of the presence of active TLS in the tumor microenvironment. CD161-expressing immune cells are found at the vicinity of these structures, with a global enrichment of NSCLC tumors in CD161+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared to normal distant lung and peripheral blood. CD161+ CD4+ T cells are more activated and produce Th1-cytokines at a higher frequency than their matched CD161-negative counterparts. Interestingly, CD161+ CD4+ T cells highly express OX40 co-stimulatory receptor, less frequently 4-1BB, and display an activated but not completely exhausted PD-1-positive Tim-3-negative phenotype. Finally, a meta-analysis revealed a positive association of CLEC2D (coding for LLT1) and KLRB1 (coding for CD161) gene expression with favorable outcome in NSCLC, independently of the size of T and B cell infiltrates. These data are consistent with a positive impact of LLT1/CD161 on NSCLC patient survival, and make CD161-expressing CD4+ T cells ideal candidates for efficient anti-tumor recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique M. Braud
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Jérôme Biton
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Becht
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Knockaert
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mansuet-Lupo
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Cosson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Anjuère
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Gossot
- Thoracic Department, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Seguin-Givelet
- Thoracic Department, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Germain
- Laboratory “Immune Microenvironment and Tumors”, Department “Cancer, Immunology, Immunotherapy”, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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9
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Abstract
It has been proposed that CD6, an important regulator of T cells, functions by interacting with its currently identified ligand, CD166, but studies performed during the treatment of autoimmune conditions suggest that the CD6-CD166 interaction might not account for important functions of CD6 in autoimmune diseases. The antigen recognized by mAb 3A11 has been proposed as a new CD6 ligand distinct from CD166, yet the identity of it is hitherto unknown. We have identified this CD6 ligand as CD318, a cell surface protein previously found to be present on various epithelial cells and many tumor cells. We found that, like CD6 knockout (KO) mice, CD318 KO mice are also protected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In humans, we found that CD318 is highly expressed in synovial tissues and participates in CD6-dependent adhesion of T cells to synovial fibroblasts. In addition, soluble CD318 is chemoattractive to T cells and levels of soluble CD318 are selectively and significantly elevated in the synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile inflammatory arthritis. These results establish CD318 as a ligand of CD6 and a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory arthritis.
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10
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Bughani U, Saha A, Kuriakose A, Nair R, Sadashivarao RB, Venkataraman R, Patel S, Deshchougule AT, S. SK, Montero E, Pai HV, Palanivelu DV, Melarkode R, Nair P. T cell activation and differentiation is modulated by a CD6 domain 1 antibody Itolizumab. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180088. [PMID: 28672038 PMCID: PMC5495335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD6 is associated with T-cell modulation and is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. We previously demonstrated that Itolizumab, a CD6 domain 1 (CD6D1) specific humanized monoclonal antibody, inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production by T lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody or when co-stimulated with ALCAM. Aberrant IL-17 producing CD4+ helper T-cells (Th17) have been identified as pivotal for the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Itolizumab has demonstrated efficacy in human diseases known to have an IL-17 driven pathogenesis. Here, in in vitro experiments we show that by day 3 of human PBMC activation using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in a Th17 polarizing milieu, 15-35% of CD4+ T-cells overexpress CD6 and there is an establishment of differentiated Th17 cells. Addition of Itolizumab reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells to Th17 cells and decreases production of IL-17. These effects are associated with the reduction of key transcription factors pSTAT3 and RORγT. Further, transcription analysis studies in these conditions indicate that Itolizumab suppressed T cell activation by primarily reducing cell cycle, DNA transcription and translation associated genes. To understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we evaluated the effect of this anti-human CD6D1 mAb on ALCAM-CD6 as well as TCR-mediated T cell activation. We show that Itolizumab but not its F(ab')2 fragment directly inhibits CD6 receptor hyper-phosphorylation and leads to subsequent decrease in associated ZAP70 kinase and docking protein SLP76. Since Itolizumab binds to CD6 expressed only on human and chimpanzee, we developed an antibody binding specifically to mouse CD6D1. This antibody successfully ameliorated the incidence of experimental autoimmune encephalitis in the mice model. These results position CD6 as a key molecule in sustaining the activation and differentiation of T cells and an important target for modulating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Bughani
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Arindam Saha
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Anshu Kuriakose
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Reshmi Nair
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Swati Patel
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar S.
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Enrique Montero
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Harish V. Pai
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Pradip Nair
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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11
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Consuegra-Fernández M, Martínez-Florensa M, Aranda F, de Salort J, Armiger-Borràs N, Lozano T, Casares N, Lasarte JJ, Engel P, Lozano F. Relevance of CD6-Mediated Interactions in the Regulation of Peripheral T-Cell Responses and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:594. [PMID: 28611770 PMCID: PMC5447708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD6 lymphocyte receptor has been involved in the pathophysiology of different autoimmune disorders and is now considered a feasible target for their treatment. In vitro data show the relevance of CD6 in the stabilization of adhesive contacts between T-cell and antigen-presenting cells, and the modulation of T-cell receptor signals. However, the in vivo consequences of such a function are yet undisclosed due to the lack of suitable genetically modified animal models. Here, the in vitro and in vivo challenge of CD6-deficient (CD6-/-) cells with allogeneic cells was used as an approach to explore the role of CD6 in immune responses under relative physiological stimulatory conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays showed lower proliferative responses of splenocytes from CD6-/- mice together with higher induction of regulatory T cells (Treg, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) with low suppressive activity on T and B-cell proliferation. In line with these results, CD6-/- mice undergoing a lupus-like disorder induced by chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) showed higher serum titers of anti-double-stranded DNA and nucleosome autoantibodies. This occurred together with reduced splenomegaly, which was associated with lower in vivo bromodesoxyuridine incorporation of spleen cells and with increased percentages of spleen follicular B cells (B2, CD21+CD23hi) and Treg cells. Interestingly, functional analysis of in vivo-generated CD6-/- Treg cells exhibited defective suppressive activity. In conclusion, the data from MLR and cGvHD-induced lupus-like models in CD6-/- mice illustrate the relevance of CD6 in T (and B) cell proliferative responses and, even more importantly, Treg induction and suppressive function in the in vivo maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José de Salort
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Armiger-Borràs
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Abstract
CD6 was established as a marker of T cells more than three decades ago, and recent studies have identified CD6 as a risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease in which autoreactive T cells are integrally involved. Nevertheless, the precise role of CD6 in regulating T-cell responses is controversial and its significance in the pathogenesis of various diseases remains elusive, partly due to the lack of animals engineered to alter expression of the CD6 gene. In this report, we found that CD6 KO mice showed decreased pathogenic T-cell responses, reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration, and attenuated disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. CD6-deficient T cells exhibited augmented activation, but also significantly reduced survival and proliferation after activation, leading to overall decreased Th1 and Th17 polarization. Activated CD6-deficient T cells also showed impaired infiltration through brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, by developing CD6 humanized mice, we identified a mouse anti-human CD6 monoclonal antibody that is highly effective in treating established EAE without depleting T cells. These results suggest that (i) CD6 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, (ii) at the same time, CD6 is a positive regulator of activated T-cell survival/proliferation and infiltration; and (iii) CD6 is a potential new target for treating MS and potentially other T-cell-driven autoimmune conditions.
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13
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Dogra S, Uprety S, Suresh SH. Itolizumab, a novel anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody: a safe and efficacious biologic agent for management of psoriasis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:395-402. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1279601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shraddha Uprety
- Dept of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Chitwan Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal
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14
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor abexinostat affects chromatin organization and gene transcription in normal B cells and in mantle cell lymphoma. Gene 2016; 580:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Gutierrez-Achury J, Zorro MM, Ricaño-Ponce I, Zhernakova DV, Diogo D, Raychaudhuri S, Franke L, Trynka G, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A. Functional implications of disease-specific variants in loci jointly associated with coeliac disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:180-90. [PMID: 26546613 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genomic loci have been associated with a significant number of immune-mediated diseases, and a large proportion of these associated loci are shared among traits. Both the molecular mechanisms by which these loci confer disease susceptibility and the extent to which shared loci are implicated in a common pathogenesis are unknown. We therefore sought to dissect the functional components at loci shared between two autoimmune diseases: coeliac disease (CeD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We used a cohort of 12 381 CeD cases and 7827 controls, and another cohort of 13 819 RA cases and 12 897 controls, all genotyped with the Immunochip platform. In the joint analysis, we replicated 19 previously identified loci shared by CeD and RA and discovered five new non-HLA loci shared by CeD and RA. Our fine-mapping results indicate that in nine of 24 shared loci the associated variants are distinct in the two diseases. Using cell-type-specific histone markers, we observed that loci which pointed to the same variants in both diseases were enriched for marks of promoters active in CD14+ and CD34+ immune cells (P < 0.001), while loci pointing to distinct variants in one of the two diseases showed enrichment for marks of more specialized cell types, like CD4+ regulatory T cells in CeD (P < 0.0001) compared with Th17 and CD15+ in RA (P = 0.0029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Magdalena Zorro
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dorothée Diogo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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16
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Aira LE, Hernández P, Prada D, Chico A, Gómez JA, González Z, Fuentes K, Viada C, Mazorra Z. Immunological evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with itolizumab. MAbs 2015; 8:187-95. [PMID: 26466969 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation that affects approximately 1% of the general population. Itolizumab, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human CD6 molecule mainly expressed on T lymphocytes, has been shown to inhibit proliferation of T cells and proinflammatory cytokine production in psoriasis patients. We have now assessed the immunological effect of itolizumab in combination with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis by analyzing clinical samples taken from 30 patients enrolled in a clinical trial. T and B cell subpopulations were measured at different time points of the study. Plasma cytokine levels and anti-idiotypic antibody response to itolizumab were also evaluated. The combined treatment of itolizumab and methotrexate led to a reduction in the frequency of T cell subpopulations, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines showed a significant decrease up to at least 12 weeks after treatment ended. No anti-idiotypic antibody response was detected. These results support the relevance of the CD6 molecule as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Viada
- a Center of Molecular Immunology ; Havana , Cuba
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17
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Chopra A, Chandrashekara S, Iyer R, Rajasekhar L, Shetty N, Veeravalli SM, Ghosh A, Merchant M, Oak J, Londhey V, Barve A, Ramakrishnan MS, Montero E. Itolizumab in combination with methotrexate modulates active rheumatoid arthritis: safety and efficacy from a phase 2, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, dose-ranging study. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:1059-64. [PMID: 26050104 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of itolizumab with methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had inadequate response to methotrexate. In this open-label, phase 2 study, 70 patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and negative for latent tuberculosis were randomized to four arms: 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg itolizumab weekly combined with oral methotrexate, and methotrexate alone (2:2:2:1). Patients were treated for 12 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of methotrexate alone during follow-up. Twelve weeks of itolizumab therapy was well tolerated. Forty-four patients reported adverse events (AEs); except for six severe AEs, all others were mild or moderate. Infusion-related reactions mainly occurred after the first infusion, and none were reported after the 11th infusion. No serum anti-itolizumab antibodies were detected. In the full analysis set, all itolizumab doses showed evidence of efficacy. At 12 weeks, 50 % of the patients achieved ACR20, and 58.3 % moderate or good 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) response; at week 24, these responses were seen in 22 and 31 patients. Significant improvements were seen in Short Form-36 Health Survey and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index scores. Overall, itolizumab in combination with methotrexate was well tolerated and efficacious in RA for 12 weeks, with efficacy persisting for the entire 24-week evaluation period. (Clinical Trial Registry of India, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php , CTRI/2008/091/000295).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chopra
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatic Disease, Pune, India
| | - S Chandrashekara
- ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Centre and Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajgopalan Iyer
- Department of Orthopedics, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Liza Rajasekhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizams institute of Medical sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Shetty
- Department of Orthopedics, M.S. Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alakendu Ghosh
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrugank Merchant
- Department of Orthopedics, Shubhechha Multispecialty Hospital, Vadodara, India
| | - Jyotsna Oak
- Department of Rheumatology, LTM Medical College & LTMG Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Londhey
- Medicine Department and Rheumatology Clinic, TNMC & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit Barve
- Research & Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - phase IV, Bangalore, 560099, India.
| | - M S Ramakrishnan
- Research & Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - phase IV, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Enrique Montero
- Research & Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - phase IV, Bangalore, 560099, India.,Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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18
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Menon R, David BG. Itolizumab - a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody with a better side effects profile for the treatment of psoriasis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:215-22. [PMID: 25945063 PMCID: PMC4407739 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s47784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Management of psoriasis is a challenge to the treating physician. The chronic inflammatory state of psoriasis with exacerbations and remissions necessitate “on-and-off” treatment schedules. The safety profiles of drugs and tolerability issues for patients are important factors to be considered during treatment. Various biological agents targeting T-cells and the inflammatory cytokines are available for systemic treatment of psoriasis. However, major causes of concern while using these drugs are risk of susceptibility to infection and development of anti-drug antibodies, which will affect the pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety profile of the drug. Itolizumab, a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, is a new molecule that acts by immunomodulating the CD6 molecule. CD6 is a co-stimulatory molecule required for optimal T-cell stimulation by the antigen-presenting cells. This step is crucial in T-cell proliferation to form Th1 and Th17 cells, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This article deals with the properties of Itolizumab and its role in the treatment of psoriasis. Based on the available published data, Itolizumab seems to have a better adverse effects profile and at the same time comparatively less efficacy when compared to other biological agents available for treating psoriasis. Larger studies with longer duration are required to clearly depict the long-term side effects profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Menon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur, Pondicherry, India
| | - Brinda G David
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur, Pondicherry, India
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19
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Human endogenous retrovirus group E and its involvement in diseases. Viruses 2015; 7:1238-57. [PMID: 25785516 PMCID: PMC4379568 DOI: 10.3390/v7031238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus group E (HERV-E) elements are stably integrated into the human genome, transmitted vertically in a Mendelian manner, and are endowed with transcriptional activity as alternative promoters or enhancers. Such effects are under the control of the proviral long terminal repeats (LTR) that are organized into three HERV-E phylogenetic subgroups, namely LTR2, LTR2B, and LTR2C. Moreover, HERV-E expression is tissue-specific, and silenced by epigenetic constraints that may be disrupted in cancer, autoimmunity, and human placentation. Interest in HERV-E with regard to these conditions has been stimulated further by concerns regarding the capacity of HERV-E elements to modify the expression of neighboring genes and/or to produce retroviral proteins, including immunosuppressive env peptides, which in turn may induce (auto)-antibody (Ab) production. Finally, better understanding of HERV-E elements may have clinical applications for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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20
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Krupashankar D, Dogra S, Kura M, Saraswat A, Budamakuntla L, Sumathy T, Shah R, Gopal M, Narayana Rao T, Srinivas C, Bhat R, Shetty N, Manmohan G, Sai Krishna K, Padmaja D, Pratap DVS, Garg V, Gupta S, Pandey N, Khopkar U, Montero E, Ramakrishnan M, Nair P, Ganapathi PC. Efficacy and safety of itolizumab, a novel anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase-III study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:484-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Aira LE, López-Requena A, Fuentes D, Sánchez L, Pérez T, Urquiza A, Bautista H, Falcón L, Hernández P, Mazorra Z. Immunological and histological evaluation of clinical samples from psoriasis patients treated with anti-CD6 itolizumab. MAbs 2014; 6:783-93. [PMID: 24594862 PMCID: PMC4011922 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence of approximately 2-3% in the general population. The majority of diagnosed patients have plaque psoriasis, and about 20% have moderate-to-severe disease. Itolizumab, a new monoclonal antibody specific for the CD6 molecule mainly expressed on T lymphocytes, has demonstrated to inhibit in vitro ligand-induced proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We assessed the immunological and histopathological effect of the antibody using clinical samples taken from 26 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis included in a clinical trial. The precursor frequency of lymphocytes activated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 beads, as well as the number of interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting T cells after stimulation, were measured at different time points of the study. Serum cytokine levels and anti-idiotypic antibody response to itolizumab were also evaluated. Additionally, lymphocyte infiltration and epidermis hyperplasia were studied in five patients. A significant reduction in T cell proliferation capacity and number of IFN-γ-producing T cells was found in treated patients. Serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ showed an overall trend toward reduction. No anti-idiotypic antibody response was detected. A significant reduction in the epidermis hyperplasia was observed in analyzed patients. These results support the relevance of the CD6 molecule as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dasha Fuentes
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding; Havana, Cuba
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22
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Pinto M, Carmo AM. CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases: successes and challenges. BioDrugs 2013; 27:191-202. [PMID: 23568178 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane surface glycoprotein CD6 was one of the first antigens identified on T lymphocytes. The recognition of its involvement in T-cell signaling processes heralds the potential of CD6 as a target for therapy in a number of pathologies associated with imbalances in T-cell function. Its tissue distribution, cellular expression, and overall molecular structure are well described, and the interaction with its physiological ligand CD166 has been determined to the amino-acid level. Nevertheless, the involvement of CD6 in signaling pathways remains poorly characterized and its biological function is controversial; still unresolved are whether CD6 is a co-stimulatory molecule in T-cell activation or, similar to the related CD5 antigen, a modulator of intracellular signaling. Here we revisit the earliest attempts of modulating immune function using CD6 monoclonal antibodies, and review the current thinking behind the recent developments in immunotherapy targeting CD6. Notwithstanding the promises and hopes brought by monoclonals already in clinical trials, the fact is that very little is known about the mechanism of action of these reagents, whether they enhance the physiological role of the receptor or whether they may induce a completely novel biochemical response that might, nevertheless, be beneficially used to treat human immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pinto
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Le Dantec C, Alonso R, Fali T, Montero E, Devauchelle V, Saraux A, Pers JO, Renaudineau Y. Rationale for treating primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients with an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (Itolizumab). Immunol Res 2013; 56:341-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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