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Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Momeny M, Rezaei N, Fallah F, Bashash D. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: From dysregulation of the immune responses to the potential immunotherapies. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4098. [PMID: 39034646 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a considerable global health burden due to its late diagnosis and high morbidity. The liver's specific anatomical and physiological features expose it to various antigens, requiring precise immune regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota in the development of HCC, as well as the relevant therapeutic approaches are discussed. Dysregulation of immune compartments within the liver microenvironment drives HCC pathogenesis, characterized by elevated regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages as well as suppressive molecules, alongside reduced number of effector cells like T cells, natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota also contributes to HCC by disrupting intestinal barrier integrity and triggering overactivated immune responses. Immunotherapy approaches, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have exhibited promise in HCC management, yet adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccination research are in the early steps with relatively less favorable outcomes. Further understanding of immune dysregulation, gut microbiota involvement, and therapeutic combination strategies are essential for advancing precision immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Üremis N, Türköz Y, Üremiş MM, Çiğremiş Y, Şalva E. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigating EGFR-VEGF-mediated apoptotic effect of cucurbitacin D and I combination with sorafenib via Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3247. [PMID: 37917368 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Üremis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Türköz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Mehdi Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Çiğremiş
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emine Şalva
- Department of Pharmacy Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Cui N, Zhu X, Zhao C, Meng C, Sha J, Zhu D. A Decade of Pathogenesis Advances in Non-Type 2 Inflammatory Endotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: 2012-2022. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:1237-1253. [PMID: 37722364 DOI: 10.1159/000532067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by localized inflammation of the upper airways. CRS includes two main phenotypes, namely, CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. The phenotype-based classification method cannot reflect the pathological mechanism. The endotype-based classification method has been paid more and more attention by researchers. It is mainly divided into type 2 and non-type 2 endotypes. The mechanism driving the pathogenesis of non-type 2 inflammation is currently unknown. In this review, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to conduct a critical analysis of representative literature works on the pathogenesis of non-type 2 inflammation in CRS published in the past decade. This review summarizes the latest evidence that may lead to the pathogenesis of non-type 2 inflammation. It is the main method that analyzing the pathogenesis from the perspective of immunology. Genomics and proteomics technique provide new approaches to the study of the pathogenesis. Due to differences in race, environment, geography, and living habits, there are differences in the occurrence of non-type 2 inflammation, which increase the difficulty of understanding the pathogenesis of non-type 2 inflammation in CRS. Studies have confirmed that non-type 2 endotype is more common in Asian patients. The emergence of overlap and unclassified endotypes has promoted the study of heterogeneity in CRS. In addition, as the source of inflammatory cells and the initiation site of the inflammatory response, microvessels and microlymphatic vessels in the nasal mucosal subepithelial tissue participate in the inflammatory response and tissue remodeling. It is uncertain whether CRS patients affect the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the pathophysiological mechanism of non-type 2 CRS combined with COVID-19 remains to be further studied, and it is worth considering how to select the befitting biologics for CRS patients with non-type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuida Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jichao Sha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abd-Rabou AA, Ahmed HH, Mohamed SH, Kotob SE, Kishta MS. Nanotherapy: New Approach for Impeding Hepatic Cancer Microenvironment via Targeting Multiple Molecular Pathways. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4261-4274. [PMID: 36580009 PMCID: PMC9971455 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment has been recognized as a key contributor for cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The crosstalk between tumor cells, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling networks mediates immunoinhibitory impact and facilitates tumor angiogenesis. The current investigation aimed at exploring the potent anti-cancer activity of the newly designed nano-based anti-cancer therapy comprising anti-VEGF drug, avastin (AV), and CCR2 antagonist (CR) to counteract HCC and tracking its mode of action in vivo. METHODS The prepared AV, CR, and AVCR nanoprototypes were characterized by nanoscale characterization techniques in our previous work. Here, they are applied for unearthing their anti-cancer properties / mechanisms in hepatic cancer-induced rats via analyzing protein levels and genetic expression of the elements incorporated in the angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis signalling pathways. RESULTS The present results revealed a significant down-regulation in the angiogenesis, survival and metastasis indices along with up-regulation in the pro-apoptotic mediators upon treatment of hepatic cancer-bearing rats with the novel synthesized nanomaterials when compared with the untreated counterparts. We showed across HCC model that anti-VEGF in combination with CCR2 antagonism therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-VEGF or CCR2 antagonism monotherapy, particularly in its nanoscale formulation. CONCLUSION The present approach provides new mechanistic insights into the powerful anti-hepatic cancer advantage of the novel nanoprototypes which is correlated with modulating critical signal transduction pathways implicated in tumor microenviroment such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastasis. This research work presents a substantial foundation for future studies focused on prohibiting cancer progression and recovery by targeting tumor microenviroment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. ,Stem Cell Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O 12622, Egypt. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. ,Stem Cell Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O 12622, Egypt.
| | - Safaa H Mohamed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. ,Stem Cell Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O 12622, Egypt.
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Jeng KS, Sheen IS, Lin SS, Leu CM, Chang CF. The Role of Endoglin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063208. [PMID: 33809908 PMCID: PMC8004096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105) is a type-1 integral transmembrane glycoprotein and coreceptor for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands. The endoglin/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates hemostasis, cell proliferation/migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis contributes to early progression, invasion, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most widespread malignancies globally. Endoglin is overexpressed in newly formed HCC microvessels. It increases microvessel density in cirrhotic and regenerative HCC nodules. In addition, circulating endoglin is present in HCC patients, suggesting potential for use as a diagnostic or prognostic factor. HCC angiogenesis is dynamic and endoglin expression varies by stage. TRC105 (carotuximab) is an antibody against endoglin, and three of its clinical trials were related to liver diseases. A partial response was achieved when combining TRC105 with sorafenib. Although antiangiogenic therapy still carries some risks, combination therapy with endoglin inhibitors or other targeted therapies holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Sheng Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei city 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7728-4564
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Li H. Angiogenesis in the progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:217-233. [PMID: 33131349 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1842732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Persistent inflammation and hypoxia are strong stimulus for pathological angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and are also the most important elements resulting in liver fibrosis. Sustained inflammatory process stimulates fibrosis to the end-point of cirrhosis and sinusoidal portal hypertension is an important feature of cirrhosis. Neovascularization plays a pivotal role in collateral circulation formation of portal vein, mesenteric congestion, and high perfusion. Imbalance of hepatic artery and portal vein blood flow leads to the increase of hepatic artery inflow, which is beneficial to the formation of nodules. Angiogenesis contributes to progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and anti-angiogenesis therapy can improve liver fibrosis, reduce portal pressure, and prolong overall survival of patients with HCC. Areas covers: This paper will try to address the difference of the morphological characteristics and mechanisms of neovascularization in the process from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and HCC and further compare the different efficacy of anti-angiogenesis therapy in these three stages. Expert opinion: More in-depth understanding of the role of angiogenesis factors and the relationship between angiogenesis and other aspects of the pathogenesis and transformation may be the key to enabling future progress in the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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7
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Jeong JH, Ojha U, Lee YM. Pathological angiogenesis and inflammation in tissues. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 44:1-15. [PMID: 33230600 PMCID: PMC7682773 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in the growth of organs and tumors is widely recognized. Vascular-organ interaction is a key mechanism and a concept that enables an understanding of all biological phenomena and normal physiology that is essential for human survival under pathological conditions. Recently, vascular endothelial cells have been classified as a type of innate immune cells that are dependent on the pathological situations. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines and signaling regulators activated upon exposure to infection or various stresses play crucial roles in the pathological function of parenchymal cells, peripheral immune cells, stromal cells, and cancer cells in tissues. Therefore, vascular-organ interactions as a vascular microenvironment or tissue microenvironment under physiological and pathological conditions are gaining popularity as an interesting research topic. Here, we review vascular contribution as a major factor in microenvironment homeostasis in the pathogenesis of normal as well as cancerous tissues. Furthermore, we suggest that the normalization strategy of pathological angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hak Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Uttam Ojha
- College of Pharmacy, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Abdelgawad ME, Darwish H, Nabawy MM, El-mezayen H. Development of novel score based on Angiogenic panel for accurate diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus high-risk patients. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Recent Advances: The Imbalance of Immune Cells and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050338. [PMID: 32466214 PMCID: PMC7277978 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in the immunological understanding of genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has implicated a decline in anti-tumour immunity on the background of chronic inflammatory state of liver parenchyma. The development of HCC involves a network of immunological activity in the tumour microenvironment involving continuous interaction between tumour and stromal cells. The reduction in anti-tumour immunity is secondary to changes in various immune cells and cytokines, and the tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating the process of liver fibrosis, hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, it is considered as one of primary factor behind the despicable tumour behavior and observed poor survival; along with increased risk of recurrence following treatment in HCC. The primary intent of the present review is to facilitate the understanding of the complex network of immunological interactions of various immune cells, cytokines and tumour cells associated with the development and progression of HCC.
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Dhar D, Baglieri J, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. Mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its role in liver cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:96-108. [PMID: 31924111 PMCID: PMC7016420 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219898141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that involves cross-talk between parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and both resident and infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we focus on key cell-types that contribute to liver fibrosis, cytokines, and chemokines influencing this process and what it takes for fibrosis to regress. We discuss how mitochondria and metabolic changes in hepatic stellate cells modulate the fibrogenic process. We also briefly review how the presence of fibrosis affects development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacopo Baglieri
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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11
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CPAP promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by enhancing STAT3 activity. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1259-1273. [PMID: 31511651 PMCID: PMC7206147 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and positively correlated with recurrence and vascular invasion. Here, we found that CPAP plays an important role in HCC malignancies. Functional characterization indicated that CPAP overexpression increases tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, overexpressed CPAP contributes to sorafenib resistance. Mechanical investigation showed that the expression level of CPAP is positively correlated with activated STAT3 in HCC. CPAP acts as a transcriptional coactivator of STAT3 by directly binding with STAT3. Interrupting the interaction between CPAP and STAT3 attenuates STAT3-mediated tumor growth and angiogenesis. Overexpression of CPAP upregulates several STAT3 target genes such as IL-8 and CD44 that are involved in angiogenesis, and CPAP mRNA expression is positively correlated with the levels of both mRNAs in HCC. Knocked-down expression of CPAP impairs IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation, target gene expression, cell migration, and invasion abilities. IL-6/STAT3-mediated angiogenesis is significantly increased by CPAP overexpression and can be blocked by decreased expression of IL-8. Our findings not only shed light on the importance of CPAP in HCC malignancies, but also provide potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the angiogenesis pathway and treating metastatic HCC.
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Duan X, Liu J, Cui J, Ma B, Zhou Q, Yang X, Lu Z, Du Y, Su C. Expression of TIGIT/CD155 and correlations with clinical pathological features in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3773-3781. [PMID: 31485637 PMCID: PMC6755146 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a recently identified T cell coinhibitory receptor. Studies have shown that TIGIT is expressed in colon adenocarcinoma, uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma, breast carcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. However, the role of the TIGIT/human poliovirus receptor (CD155) pathway in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression of TIGIT and CD155 in HCC tissues and peripheral blood were determined, and correlations among TIGIT, CD155, TIGIT+ CD4+ T cells, TIGIT+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and α-fetoprotein (AFP) were investigated in order to identify a potential target for diagnosing and treating HCC. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting were used to examine the expression of TIGIT and CD155 in cancerous tissues and peripheral blood collected from patients with HCC. The frequency of TIGIT+ CD4+ T cells and TIGIT+ Treg cells and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines secreted by T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry and a Merck Milliplex assay. Correlations between the frequency of TIGIT+ CD4+ T and TIGIT+ Treg cells and AFP were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. With the degree of cancerous differentiation from high to low, the expression levels of TIGIT and CD155 were upregulated in the cancerous tissues from patients with HCC. TIGIT+ CD4+ T cell and TIGIT+ Treg cell frequencies were decreased in peripheral blood from postoperative patients with HCC. The increased expression of TIGIT was positively correlated with the level of AFP. These results indicate that co-inhibitory receptor TIGIT may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and represent a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juanxi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qiunan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Department of Laboratory Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Laboratory Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Ogunwobi OO, Harricharran T, Huaman J, Galuza A, Odumuwagun O, Tan Y, Ma GX, Nguyen MT. Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2279-2293. [PMID: 31148900 PMCID: PMC6529884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i19.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells, immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Trisheena Harricharran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jeannette Huaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Anna Galuza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Oluwatoyin Odumuwagun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yin Tan
- Center for Asian Health, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Minhhuyen T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Role of Endoglin (CD105) in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3887. [PMID: 30563158 PMCID: PMC6321450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is perfused by both arterial and venous blood, with a resulting abnormal microenvironment selecting for more-aggressive malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. HCC is characterized by its hypervascularization. Improving the efficiency of anti-angiogenic treatment and mitigation of anti-angiogenic drug resistance are the top priorities in the development of non-surgical HCC therapies. Endoglin (CD105), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is one of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) co-receptors. Involvement of that protein in angiogenesis of solid tumours is well documented. Endoglin is a marker of activated endothelial cells (ECs), and is preferentially expressed in the angiogenic endothelium of solid tumours, including HCC. HCC is associated with changes in CD105-positive ECs within and around the tumour. The large spectrum of endoglin effects in the liver is cell-type- and HCC- stage-specific. High expression of endoglin in non-tumour tissue suggests that this microenvironment might play an especially important role in the progression of HCC. Evaluation of tissue expression, as well as serum concentrations of this glycoprotein in HCC, tends to confirm its role as an important biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis. The role of endoglin in liver fibrosis and HCC progression also makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Despite these facts, the exact molecular mechanisms of endoglin functioning in hepatocarcinogenesis are still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current data concerning the role and signalling pathways of endoglin in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression, and provides an overview of the strategies available for a specific targeting of CD105 in anti-angiogenic therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-781, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 61-285, Poland.
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response generated against an insult to the liver that causes liver injury. It has the potential to progress into cirrhosis, and if not prevented, it may lead to liver cancer and liver failure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the central event underlying liver fibrosis. In addition to HSCs, numerous studies have supported the potential contribution of bone marrow-derived cells and myofibroblasts to liver fibrosis. The liver is a heterogeneous organ; thus, molecular and cellular events that underlie liver fibrogenesis are complex. This review aims to focus on major events that occur during liver fibrogenesis. In addition, important antifibrotic therapeutic approaches and experimental liver fibrosis models will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Merve Aydın
- Mikrogen Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Can Akçalı
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ghose S, Biswas S, Datta K, Tyagi RK. Dynamic Hyaluronan drives liver endothelial cells towards angiogenesis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:648. [PMID: 29890947 PMCID: PMC5996548 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature is essential in a number of physiological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing as well as pathological conditions like, tumor growth and metastasis. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a high molecular weight polysaccharide, major component of extracellular matrix is known to associate with malignant phenotypes in melanomas and various other carcinomas. Hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1) has been previously reported to trigger enhanced cellular proliferation in human liver cancer cells upon its over-expression. In the present study, we have identified the HA mediated cellular behaviour of liver endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Methods Endothelial cells have been isolated from perfused liver of mice. Cell proliferation was studied using microwell plates with tetrazole dye. Cell migration was evaluated by measuring endothelial monolayer wound repair as well as through transwell migration assay. Alterations in proteins and mRNA expression were estimated by immunobloting and quantitative real time PCR using Applied Biosystems. The paraformaldehyde fixed endothelial cells were used for immuno- florescence staining and F-actin detection with conjugated antibodies. The images were captured by using Olympus florescence microscope (IX71). Results We observed that administration of HA enhanced cell proliferation, adhesion, tubular sprout formation as well as migration of liver endothelial cells (ECs). The effect of HA in the rearrangement of the actins confirmed HA -mediated cytoskeleton re-organization and cell migration. Further, we confirmed enhanced expression of angiogenic factors like VEGF-A and VEGFR1 in endothelial cells upon HA treatment. HA supplementation led to elevated expression of HABP1 in murine endothelial cells. It was interesting to note that, although protein levels of β- catenin remained unaltered, but translocation of this protein from membrane to nucleus was observed upon HA treatment, suggesting its role not only in vessel formation but also its involvement in angiogenesis signalling. Conclusions The elucidation of molecular mechanism (s) responsible for HA mediated regulation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis contributes not only to our understanding the mechanism of disease progression but also offer new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4532-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. .,Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Kasturi Datta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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17
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Mousavi SN, Faghihi A, Motaghinejad M, Shiasi M, Imanparast F, Amiri HL, Shidfar F. Zinc and Selenium Co-supplementation Reduces Some Lipid Peroxidation and Angiogenesis Markers in a Rat Model of NAFLD-Fed High Fat Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:288-295. [PMID: 28577233 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are more prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Zinc and selenium deficiency are common in NAFLD. But the effects of zinc and selenium co-supplementation before and/or after disease progression on CVD markers are not clear in NAFLD patients. This study aimed to compare the effects of zinc and selenium co-supplementation before and/or after disease progression on some of the CVD markers in an experimental model of NAFLD. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats (197 ± 4 g) were randomly assigned into four dietary groups: control group (C; received 9% of calorie as fat), model group (M; received 82% of calorie as fat), and supplementation before (BS) or after (AS) disease progression. Animals were fed diets for 20 weeks in all groups. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured as CVD indices. Serum ALT, AST, FPG, insulin, MDA, VEGF and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the M than C group. Co-supplementation reduced serum ALT and AST levels in the BS and AS groups compared with the M group. FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, VEGF, MDA, LDL/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c ratio were significantly reduced in the AS compared with the M group. TG/HDL-c ratio was significantly reduced in the BS and AS compared with the M group. Serum MDA, VEGF, Insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly lowered in the AS than BS group (p < 0.05). Zinc and selenium co-supplementation after NAFLD progression reduced CVD risk indices in an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Faghihi
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shiasi
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Imanparast
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Hamid Lorvand Amiri
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Yüksel Ş, Boylu Akyerli C, Cengiz Yakıcıer M. Angiogenesis, Invasion, and Metastasis Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:256-259. [PMID: 28785955 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şirin Yüksel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemaliye Boylu Akyerli
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Cengiz Yakıcıer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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López-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Bartolomé Á, Borque MJ, Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, Martín-Vílchez S, García-Buey L, González-Moreno L, Real-Martínez Y, Muñoz de Rueda P, Salmerón J, Vidal-Castiñeira JR, López-Larrea C, Rodrigo L, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Interferon-related genetic markers of necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180927. [PMID: 28704535 PMCID: PMC5507534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide which often leads to progressive liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CHC displays heterogeneous progression depending on a broad set of factors, some of them intrinsic to each individual such as the patient's genetic profile. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of certain genetic variants of crucial interferon alpha and lambda signaling pathways to the hepatic necroinflammatory activity (NIA) grade of CHC patients. METHODS NIA was evaluated in 119 CHC patients by METAVIR scale and classified as low (NIA = 0-2, n = 80) or high grade (NIA = 3, n = 39). In a candidate gene approach, 64 SNPs located in 30 different genes related to interferon pathways (IL-28B, IFNAR1-2, JAK-STAT and OAS1-3, among others) were genotyped using the Illumina GoldenGate® Genotyping Assay. Statistical association was determined by logistic regression and expressed as OR and 95% CI. Those SNPs significantly associated were further adjusted by other covariates. RESULTS Seven SNPs located in IL-28B (rs12979860), JAK1 (rs11576173 and rs1497056), TYK2 (rs280519), OAS1 (rs2057778), SOCS1 (rs33932899) and RNASEL (rs3738579) genes were significantly related to severe NIA grade (p<0.05). Regarding to clinical variables, elevated NIA was notably associated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum levels >40 IU/L (p<0.05) but not with other clinical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of these factors reflected that AST (>40 IU/L), TYK2 rs280519 (G allele) and RNASEL rs3738579 (G allele) were factors independently associated with elevated NIA (p<0.05). AST concentration showed a moderate AUC value (AUC = 0.63), similar to TYK2 (rs280519) and RNASEL (rs3738579) SNPs (AUC = 0.61, both) in the ROC_AUC analysis. Interestingly, the model including all significant variables reached a considerable predictive value (AUC = 0.74). CONCLUSION The identified genetic variants in interferon signaling pathways may constitute useful prognostic markers of CHC progression. Further validation in larger cohorts of patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Bartolomé
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Borque
- Molecular Biology Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa García-Buey
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Moreno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Real-Martínez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Muñoz de Rueda
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmerón
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Inmunology Service, Hospital, Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moreno-Otero
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Uejima M, Kitade M, Takeda K, Okura Y, Kaji K, Takaya H, Nishimura N, Sato S, Sawada Y, Seki K, Kubo T, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Yoshiji H. Therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease: Focusing on inflammation and fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28627645 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. Chronic alcohol abuse leads to liver damage, liver inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, induce liver injury, which leads to the develo-pment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hepatoprotective cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, are also associated with ALD. IL-6 improves ALD via the activation of STAT3 and the subsequent induction of a variety of hepatoprotective genes in hepatocytes. Alcohol consumption promotes liver inflammation by incre-asing the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins to the portal circulation and by activating Kupffer cells through the lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like receptor 4 pathways. Oxidative stress and microflora products are also associated with ALD. Hepatic stellate cells play an important role in angiogenesis and liver fibrosis. Anti-angiogenic therapy has been found to be effective in the prevention of fibrosis. This suggests that blocking angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic option for patients with advanced fibrosis. This review discusses the main pathways associated with liver inflammation and liver fibrosis as well as new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kawaratani
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masakazu Uejima
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kousuke Takeda
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okura
- Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kaji
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Seki
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamao
- Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Wang L, Zhao X, Feng Y, Ma X, Wu H, Zhu Q. Intrahepatic angiogenesis increases portal hypertension in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:E94-E103. [PMID: 27115574 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM It remains unclear whether intrahepatic angiogenesis increases portal hypertension (PH) in hepatitis B with cirrhosis. We aim to investigate the relationship between intrahepatic angiogenesis and PH in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Sixty hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis and 40 healthy subjects were included in this study. Angiogenesis markers vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and fibrosis marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were observed by immunohistochemistry. Sirius Red staining was also used to determine liver fibrosis. Correlations between levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis and Child-Pugh classes, liver fibrosis degree, and portal vein pressure were examined. We also analyzed the relationship between levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis and complications of PH, including esophageal varices (EV), ascites, and hypersplenism. RESULTS Correlation was observed between the levels of VEGFR2 (r = 0.590, P < 0.01), vWF (r = 0.524, P < 0.01) in tissue, and Child-Pugh classes. Significant correlations were observed between levels of VEGFR2 and α-SMA (r = 0.710, P < 0.01), VEGFR2 and Sirius Red (r = 0.841, P < 0.01), vWF and α-SMA (r = 0.768, P < 0.01), and vWF and Sirius Red (r = 0.825, P < 0.01). Patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥12 mmHg showed higher levels of VEGFR2 and vWF expression compared to those with (HVPG) <12 mmHg (2.60 ± 1.28% vs. 1.09 ± 0.73%; 5.85 ± 2.45% vs. 2.31 ± 1.34%, P < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, complications of PH, including size of esophageal varices (P < 0.01), presence of ascites (P < 0.01), and spleen volume (P < 0.01) were significantly affected by the levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Intrahepatic angiogenesis increases PH in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. The study provides the potential ways to intervene in the progresses for therapeutic benefits in cirrhosis and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Noninvasive estimation of liver fibrosis in biopsy-proven hepatitis C virus-infected patients: angiogenic fibrogenic link. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:199-207. [PMID: 27930387 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic decisions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a predictive score named the angiogenic index (Angio-Index) for liver fibrosis staging and to compare Angio-Index by King, Gotebörg University Cirrhosis Index, Lok, FIB-4, and aspartate aminotranferase/alanine aminotranferase scores in hepatitis C virus-infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and endostatin were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 122 HCV patients represented in two sets (estimation group and validation group). Stepwise linear discriminant analysis and area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were utilized to produce a predictive score comprising significant angiogenic biomarkers. RESULTS A novel score named the Angio-Index score was created on the basis of a combination of angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and endostatin. Angio-Index produces an AUC of 0.90 for significant fibrosis, 0.865 for advanced fibrosis, and 0.857 for cirrhosis. The Angio-Index score correctly classified 71% of the significant fibrosis (F2-F4) with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91%. The Angio-Index had a similar AUC in the validation study. The above six scores showed lower AUCs than Angio-Index. CONCLUSION Whereas liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and associated with complications, Angio-Index is simple, noninvasive, and more accurate; it may decrease the need for liver biopsy in Egyptian patients.
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Abstract
In patients with advanced liver disease with portal hypertension, portal-systemic collaterals contribute to circulatory disturbance, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. Angiogenesis has a pivotal role in the formation of portal-systemic shunts. Recent research has defined many of the mediators and mechanisms involved in this angiogenic process, linking the central roles of hepatic stellate cells and endothelial cells. Studies of animal models have demonstrated the potential therapeutic impact of drugs to inhibit angiogenesis in cirrhosis. For example, inhibition of VEGF reduces portal pressure, hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation, portosystemic collateralization and liver fibrosis. An improved understanding of the role of other angiogenic factors provides hope for a novel targeted therapy for portal hypertension with a tolerable adverse effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cristóbal Gana
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile
| | - Carolina A Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile
| | - Simon C Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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He M, Zhang W, Dong Y, Wang L, Fang T, Tang W, Lv B, Chen G, Yang B, Huang P, Xia J. Pro-inflammation NF-κB signaling triggers a positive feedback via enhancing cholesterol accumulation in liver cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:15. [PMID: 28100270 PMCID: PMC5242086 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in a complex microenvironment characterized by chronic inflammation. In recent years, cholesterol metabolic abnormalities have been implicated the importance in cancer cell physiology. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between inflammation and cholesterol accumulation in HCC cells. Methods Human HCC cells HepG2 and Huh7 were cultured and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The changes of HCC cells related to cholesterol metabolism including intracellular cholesterol concentrations, cholesterol uptake, and the expression of cholesterol-related genes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), LDL receptor (LDLR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) were comparatively analyzed. Simultaneously, the effects of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on cholesterol metabolism were clarified by knocking-down of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKKα) and TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3 (TAB3) via RNAi and microRNA (miR)-195. Subsequently, the roles of cholesterol accumulation in LPS induced pro-inflammatory effects were further investigated. Results Pro-inflammatory factor LPS significantly increased intracellular cholesterol accumulation by upregulating the expression of HMGCR, LDLR, and SREBF2, while downregulating the expression of PCSK9. These effects were revealed to depend on NF-κB signaling pathway by knocking-down and overexpression of IKKα and TAB3. Additionally, miR-195, a regulator directly targeting IKKα and TAB3, blocked the effects of cholesterol accumulation, further supporting the critical role of pro-inflammation NF-κB signaling in regulating cholesterol accumulation. Intriguingly, the accumulation of cholesterol conversely exerted an augmented pro-inflammation effects by further activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions These results indicated that pro-inflammation effects of NF-κB signaling could be augmented by a positive feedback via enhancing the cholesterol accumulation in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan He
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of Baotou City, Inner Monggolia, 014030, China
| | - Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lishun Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bei Lv
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guanglang Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China.
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Lactate Dehydrogenase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Something Old, Something New. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7196280. [PMID: 27314036 PMCID: PMC4903134 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7196280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumour (80–90%) and represents more than 5.7% of all cancers. Although in recent years the therapeutic options for these patients have increased, clinical results are yet unsatisfactory and the prognosis remains dismal. Clinical or molecular criteria allowing a more accurate selection of patients are in fact largely lacking. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is a glycolytic key enzyme in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions. In preclinical models, upregulation of LDH has been suggested to ensure both an efficient anaerobic/glycolytic metabolism and a reduced dependence on oxygen under hypoxic conditions in tumour cells. Data from several analyses on different tumour types seem to suggest that LDH levels may be a significant prognostic factor. The role of LDH in HCC has been investigated by different authors in heterogeneous populations of patients. It has been tested as a potential biomarker in retrospective, small, and nonfocused studies in patients undergoing surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and systemic therapy. In the major part of these studies, high LDH serum levels seem to predict a poorer outcome. We have reviewed literature in this setting trying to resume basis for future studies validating the role of LDH in this disease.
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Talaat RM, Adel S, Salem TA, Nasr MI. Correlation between angiogenic/inflammatory mediators in Wister rat model of liver dysplasia. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:472-84. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1157490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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He YH, Li Z, Ni MM, Zhang XY, Li MF, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Cryptolepine derivative-6h inhibits liver fibrosis in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells by targeting the Shh pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:987-95. [PMID: 27295431 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a worldwide problem with a significant morbidity and mortality. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (family Periplocaceae) is widely used in West African countries for the treatment of malaria, as well as for some other diseases. However, the role of C. sanguinolenta in hepatic fibrosis is still unknown. It has been reported that Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) had a high expression in liver fibrosis and played a central role in its pathobiology. Interestingly, we found that a cryptolepine derivative (HZ-6h) could inhibit liver fibrosis by reducing MeCP2 expression, as evidenced by the dramatic downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) in protein levels in vitro. Meanwhile, we also found that HZ-6h could reduce the cell viability and promote apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) treated with transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1). Then, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms and found that HZ-6h blocked Shh signaling in HSC-T6 cells, resulting in the decreased protein expression of Patched-1 (PTCH-1), Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). In short, these results indicate that HZ-6h inhibits liver fibrosis by downregulating MeCP2 through the Shh pathway in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua He
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ni
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing-Yan Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Fang Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Peng YY, He YH, Chen C, Xu T, Li L, Ni MM, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. NLRC5 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:10-21. [PMID: 26975630 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NLRC5, the largest member of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, has been reported to regulate immune responses and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the biological function of NLRC5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been well demonstrated. In this study, the role of NLRC5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities was evaluated by using MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell assay, and tumor formation assay in nude mice. Western blot analysis and qPCR assay were performed to assess NLRC5 interacting with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that NLRC5 was highly expressed in HCC. Knockdown of NLRC5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the tumor formation in nude mice, and arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, overexpression of NLRC5 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Interestingly, we found that up-regulation of NLRC5 not only positively correlates with the increase of β-catenin but also coordinates the activation of downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that NLRC5 may play an important role in progression of HCC and provide a potential therapeutic value in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Haimen People's Hospital, Haimen 226100, China
| | - Ying-Hua He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Jugé L, Petiet A, Lambert SA, Nicole P, Chatelin S, Vilgrain V, Van Beers BE, Bilston LE, Sinkus R. Microvasculature alters the dispersion properties of shear waves--a multi-frequency MR elastography study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1763-1771. [PMID: 26768491 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) uses macroscopic shear wave propagation to quantify mechanical properties of soft tissues. Micro-obstacles are capable of affecting the macroscopic dispersion properties of shear waves. Since disease or therapy can change the mechanical integrity and organization of vascular structures, MRE should be able to sense these changes if blood vessels represent a source for wave scattering. To verify this, MRE was performed to quantify alteration of the shear wave speed cs due to the presence of vascular outgrowths using an aortic ring model. Eighteen fragments of rat aorta included in a Matrigel matrix (n=6 without outgrowths, n=6 with a radial outgrowth extent of ~600 µm and n=6 with ~850 µm) were imaged using a 7 Tesla MR scanner (Bruker, PharmaScan). High resolution anatomical images were acquired in addition to multi-frequency MRE (ν = 100, 115, 125, 135 and 150 Hz). Average cs was measured within a ring of ~900 µm thickness encompassing the aorta and were normalized to cs0 of the corresponding Matrigel. The frequency dependence was fit to the power law model cs ~ν(y). After scanning, optical microscopy was performed to visualize outgrowths. Results demonstrated that in presence of vascular outgrowths (1) normalized cs significantly increased for the three highest frequencies (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.0002 at 125 Hz and P = 0.002 at 135 Hz and P = 0.003 at 150 Hz) but not for the two lowest (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.63 at 100 Hz and P = 0.87 at 115 Hz), and (2) normalized cs followed a power law behavior not seen in absence of vascular outgrowths (ANOVA test, P < 0.0001). These results showed that vascular outgrowths acted as micro-obstacles altering the dispersion relationships of propagating shear waves and that MRE could provide valuable information about microvascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Jugé
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sidney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sidney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Petiet
- Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie multimodalité (FRIM), U1148 INSERM, UFR de Médecine, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Simon A Lambert
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal Nicole
- Laboratory from inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases, UMR1149 INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Simon Chatelin
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, UMR1149 INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Vilgrain
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, UMR1149 INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, Clichy, France
| | - Bernard E Van Beers
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, UMR1149 INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, Clichy, France
| | - Lynne E Bilston
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sidney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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Ding Q, Tian XG, Li Y, Wang QZ, Zhang CQ. Carvedilol may attenuate liver cirrhosis by inhibiting angiogenesis through the VEGF-Src-ERK signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9566-76. [PMID: 26327764 PMCID: PMC4548117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis and the underlying signaling pathways. METHODS The effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis was examined using a human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. The effect of carvedilol on cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of carvedilol on cell cycle progression. Cell migration, transwell migration and tube formation assays were performed to analyze the effect of carvedilol on HUVEC function. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced activation of HUVECs, which were pretreated with different carvedilol concentrations or none. Western blot analysis detected the phosphorylation levels of three cell signaling pathway proteins, VEGFR-2, Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The specific Src inhibitor PP2 was used to assess the role of Src in the VEGF-induced angiogenic pathway. RESULTS Carvedilol inhibited HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 38.5 mmol/L). The distribution of cells in the S phase decreased from 43.6% to 37.2%, 35.6% and 17.8% by 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L carvedilol for 24 h, respectively. Carvedilol (10 μmol/L) reduced VEGF-induced HUVEC migration from 67.54 ± 7.83 to 37.11 ± 3.533 (P < 0.001). Carvedilol concentrations of 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L reduced cell invasion from 196.3% ± 18.76% to 114.0% ± 12.20% and 51.68% ± 8.28%, respectively. VEGF-induced tube formation was also reduced significantly by 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L carvedilol from 286.0 ± 36.72 to 135.7 ± 18.13 (P < 0.05) and 80.27 ± 11.16 (P < 0.01) respectively. We investigated several intracellular protein levels to determine the reason for these reductions. Treatment with 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 from 175.5% ± 8.54% to 52.67% ± 5.33% (P < 0.01). Additionally, 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation from 181.9% ± 18.61% to 56.45% ± 7.64% (P < 0.01). The VEGF-induced increase in Src kinase activity was alleviated by carvedilol [decreased from 141.8% ± 15.37% to 53.57 ± 7.18% (P < 0.01) and 47.04% ± 9.74% (P < 0.01) at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol/L, respectively]. Pretreatment of HUVECs with Src kinase inhibitor almost completely prevented the VEGF-induced ERK upregulation [decreased from 213.2% ± 27.68% to 90.96% ± 17.16% (P < 0.01)]. CONCLUSION Carvedilol has an anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs. This inhibitory effect is mediated by VEGF-induced Src-ERK signaling pathways.
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WANG CONGREN, WANG XUEJIN, SU ZIJIAN, FEI HONGJIANG, LIU XIAOYU, PAN QUNXIONG. The novel mTOR inhibitor Torin-2 induces autophagy and downregulates the expression of UHRF1 to suppress hepatocarcinoma cell growth. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1708-16. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Elpek G&O. Angiogenesis and liver fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:377-391. [PMID: 25848465 PMCID: PMC4381164 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that hepatic angiogenesis, regardless of the etiology, takes place in chronic liver diseases (CLDs) that are characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Because anti-angiogenic therapy has been found to be efficient in the prevention of fibrosis in experimental models of CLDs, it is suggested that blocking angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic option in patients with advanced fibrosis. Consequently, efforts are being directed to revealing the mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during the progression of liver fibrosis. Literature evidences indicate that hepatic angiogenesis and fibrosis are closely related in both clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia is a major inducer of angiogenesis together with inflammation and hepatic stellate cells. These profibrogenic cells stand at the intersection between inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis and play also a pivotal role in angiogenesis. This review mainly focuses to give a clear view on the relevant features that communicate angiogenesis with progression of fibrosis in CLDs towards the-end point of cirrhosis that may be translated into future therapies. The pathogenesis of hepatic angiogenesis associated with portal hypertension, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during liver fibrogenesis.
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Abstract
The paper gives the data available in the literature on vascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sinusoidal capillarization and unpaired arteries are shown to play an important role in the development and progression of HCC. The density of microvessels detected by immunohistochemical techniques is a morphological indicator of the degree of angiogenic processes. Higher-grade HCC is followed by changes in its vascularization and concurrent with a progressive increase in the proportion of blood entering along the hepatic artery. The morphological indicators of microvessel density are recommended to use as addi- tional criteria for determining the prognosis of the disease, designing targeted anti-angiogenic drugs, and evaluating the efficiency of performed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U N Tumanova
- Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - A I Shchegolev
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Lu Y, Zheng S. Update on implications and mechanisms of angiogenesis in liver fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:162-78. [PMID: 25196587 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs as a compensatory response to the process of tissue repair in a wide range of chronic liver injures. It is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in liver tissues. As the pathogenesis progresses without effective management, it will lead to formation of liver fiber nodules and disruption of normal liver structure and function, finally culminating in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A new discovery shows that liver angiogenesis is strictly associated with, and may even favor fibrogenic progression of chronic liver diseases. Recent basic and clinical investigations also demonstrate that liver fibrogenesis is accompanied by pathological angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling, which critically determine the pathogenesis and prognosis of liver fibrosis. Inhibition of pathological angiogenesis is considered to be a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the process of angiogenesis, the relationships between angiogenesis and liver fibrosis, and on the molecular mechanisms of liver angiogenesis. On the other hand, it also presents the different strategies that have been used in experimental models to counteract excessive angiogenesis and the role of angiogenesis in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Martín-Vílchez S, Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, López-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Bartolomé Á, Borque-Iñurrita MJ, Molina-Jiménez F, García-Buey L, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 reverts HCV-induced hepatic stellate cell activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106958. [PMID: 25302785 PMCID: PMC4193738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) and is frequently linked to intrahepatic microvascular disorders. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a central event in liver damage, due to their contribution to hepatic renewal and to the development of fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma. During the progression of CLDs, HSC attempt to restore injured tissue by stimulating repair processes, such as fibrosis and angiogenesis. Because HSC express the key vascular receptor Tie2, among other angiogenic receptors and mediators, we analyzed its involvement in the development of CLD. Methods Tie2 expression was monitored in HSC cultures that were exposed to media from HCV-expressing cells (replicons). The effects of Tie2 blockade on HSC activation by either neutralizing antibody or specific signaling inhibitors were also examined. Results Media from HCV-replicons enhanced HSC activation and invasion and upregulated Tie2 expression. Notably, the blockade of Tie2 receptor (by a specific neutralizing antibody) or signaling (by selective AKT and MAPK inhibitors) significantly reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and the invasive potential of HCV-conditioned HSC. Conclusions These findings ascribe a novel profibrogenic function to Tie2 receptor in the progression of chronic hepatitis C, highlighting the significance of its dysregulation in the evolution of CLDs and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Bartolomé
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Borque-Iñurrita
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Molina-Jiménez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa García-Buey
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moreno-Otero
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Blois SM, Piccioni F, Freitag N, Tirado-González I, Moschansky P, Lloyd R, Hensel-Wiegel K, Rose M, Garcia MG, Alaniz LD, Mazzolini G. Dendritic cells regulate angiogenesis associated with liver fibrogenesis. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:119-28. [PMID: 24068342 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During liver fibrogenesis the immune response and angiogenesis process are fine-tuned resulting in activation of hepatic stellate cells that produce an excess of extracellular matrix proteins. Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role modulating the liver immunity and have recently been implicated to favour fibrosis regression; although their ability to influence the development of fibrogenesis is unknown. Therefore, we explored whether the depletion of DC during early stages of liver injury has an impact in the development of fibrogenesis. Using the CD11c.DTR transgenic mice, DC were depleted in two experimental models of fibrosis in vivo. The effect of anti-angiogenic therapy was tested during early stages of liver fibrogenesis. DC depletion accelerates the development of fibrosis and as a consequence, the angiogenesis process is boosted. We observed up-regulation of pro-angiogenic factors together with an enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) bioavailability, mainly evidenced by the decrease of anti-angiogenic VEGF receptor 1 (also known as sFlt-1) levels. Interestingly, fibrogenesis process enhanced the expression of Flt-1 on hepatic DC and administration of sFlt-1 was sufficient to abrogate the acceleration of fibrogenesis upon DC depletion. Thus, DC emerge as novel players during the development of liver fibrosis regulating the angiogenesis process and thereby influencing fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
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Nomura T, Morishita A, Jian G, Mimura S, Kato K, Nomura K, Tani J, Miyoshi H, Yoneyama H, Sakamoto T, Fujita K, Maeda E, Kobara H, Mori H, Iwama H, Masaki T. Expression of angiogenic factors in hepatocarcinogenesis: Identification by antibody arrays. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2476-80. [PMID: 23970062 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression of a wide range of angiogenic factors remains obscure in HCC. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression of various angiogenic factors related to hepatocarcinogenesis. We examined the expression of 19 angiogenic factors using antibody arrays in human tissues of various liver diseases, including HCC. We also studied the expression of 19 angiogenic factors in the human HCC cell lines PLC/PRF/5, Hep 3B, HuH7, HLE, HLF and Li-7 and the normal hepatocyte cell line ACBRI3716. In human tissues, although the expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) was found to increase from normal liver to chronic hepatitis, its expression remained unchanged in the transition from chronic hepatitis to HCC. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was elevated in liver cirrhosis, but the amounts remained unchanged in the transition from liver cirrhosis to HCC. In contrast, either interleukin-8 (IL-8) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was upregulated in HCC. In the HCC cell lines PLC/PRF/5, Hep 3B and HuH-7, the expression of IL-8 was elevated. Although IL-8 was not elevated, bFGF was upregulated in the other HCC cell lines HLE, HLF and Li-7. Thus, either IL-8 or bFGF was upregulated in HCC cell lines and in HCC tissue samples. These data suggest that the upregulation of either IL-8 or bFGF is closely related to the transition from liver cirrhosis into HCC. Therefore, the analysis of the expression of these cytokines using protein arrays may identify novel therapies for individual patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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38
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Hernández-Bartolomé Á, López-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, Martín-Vílchez S, Borque MJ, García-Buey L, González-Moreno L, Real Y, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Angiopoietin-2 Serum Levels Improve Noninvasive Fibrosis Staging in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Fibrogenic-Angiogenic Link. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66143. [PMID: 23823085 PMCID: PMC3688858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Accurate liver fibrosis staging is crucial for the management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The invasiveness and cost burden of liver biopsy have driven the search for new noninvasive biomarkers of fibrosis. Based on the link between serum angiopoietin-1 and 2 levels and CHC progression, we aimed to determine the value of these angiogenic factors as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. METHODS Serum levels of angiopoietin-1 and -2 were measured by ELISA in 108 CHC patients who underwent pretreatment liver biopsy. The correlation between angiopoietins and clinical and demographic variables with liver fibrosis was analyzed by univariate regression. Significant factors were then subjected to multivariate analysis, from which we constructed a novel noninvasive liver fibrosis index (AngioScore), whose performance was validated in an independent series of 71 CHC patients. The accuracy of this model was compared with other documented fibrosis algorithms by De Long test. RESULTS Angiopoietins correlated significantly with hepatic fibrosis; however, only angiopoietin-2 was retained in the final model, which also included age, platelets, AST, INR, and GGT. The model was validated and behaved considerably better than other fibrosis indices in discriminating all, significant, moderate and severe liver fibrosis (0.886, 0.920, 0.923). Using clinically relevant cutoffs, we classified CHC patients by discarding significant fibrosis and diagnosing moderate and severe fibrosis with greater accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. CONCLUSIONS Our novel noninvasive liver fibrosis model, based on serum angiopoietin-2 levels, outperforms other indices and should help substantially in managing CHC and monitoring long-term follow-up prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Hernández-Bartolomé
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Borque
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa García-Buey
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Moreno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Real
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moreno-Otero
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O, Hassan M. Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:342-55. [PMID: 23355912 PMCID: PMC3554798 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide, and thereby becomes a series global health challenge. Chronic infection with HCV is considered one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the multiple functions of the HCV proteins and their impacts on the modulation of the intracellular signaling transduction processes, the drive of carcinogenesis during the infection with HCV, is thought to result from the interactions of viral proteins with host cell proteins. Thus, the induction of mutator phenotype, in liver, by the expression of HCV proteins provides a key mechanism for the development of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing incidence during the past decades. In many countries, the trend of HCC is attributed to several liver diseases including HCV infection. However, the development of HCC is very complicated and results mainly from the imbalance between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as from the alteration of cellular factors leading to a genomic instability. Besides the poor prognosis of HCC patients, this type of tumor is quite resistance to the available therapies. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms, which are implicated in the development of HCC during the course of HCV infection, may help to design a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment and/or the prevention of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the development of HCV-associated HCC and the possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, Mohamed Hassan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that angiogenesis occurring during chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis provides a key contribution to disease progression and complications. The association of fibrogenesis and angiogenesis should be regarded as crucial in the modern evaluation of liver disease progression and in the search for therapeutic targets. Physiological hepatic angiogenesis occurs during liver regeneration, contributing to the formation of new functional sinusoids. Pathological angiogenesis in liver is characterized by intrahepatic vascular remodeling with capillarization of the sinusoids and development of intrahepatic shunts, which lead to increased hepatic resistance and decreased effective hepatocyte perfusion. The problem of angiogenesis in chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been fully resolved. This manuscript briefly describes pathogenesis of new blood vessel formation in chronic hepatitis and potential role of angiogenesis in disease progression.
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Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, Martín-Vílchez S, López-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Bartolomé A, Trapero-Marugán M, Borque MJ, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Peripheral blood monocyte subsets predict antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:960-71. [PMID: 21848603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus infection evolves into chronic progressive liver disease in a significant percentage of patients. Monocytes constitute a diverse group of myeloid cells that mediate innate and adaptive immune response. In addition to proinflammatory CD16+ monocytes, a Tie-2+ subgroup - Tie-2 expressing monocytes (TEMs) - that has robust proangiogenic potential has been recently defined. AIM To study the heterogeneity of peripheral blood monocytes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and to examine their proposed pathophysiological roles on disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. METHODS We studied CD16+ and Tie-2+ peripheral monocyte subpopulations in 21 healthy subjects and 39 CHC patients in various stages of disease and responses to antiviral treatment using flow cytometry. Expression profiles of proangiogenic and tissue remodelling factors in monocyte supernatants were measured using ELISA and protein arrays. Intrahepatic expression of CD14, CD31 and Tie-2 was analysed using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Increases of certain peripheral monocyte subsets were observed in the blood of CHC patients, wherein those cells with proinflammatory (CD16+) or proangiogenic (TEMs) potential expanded (P < 0.005, both). Notably, TEMs were significantly increased in nonresponders, particularly those with lower CD16 expression. In addition, many angiogenic factors were differentially expressed by peripheral monocytes from control or CHC patients, such as angiopoietin-1 and angiogenin (P < 0.05). Interestingly, intrahepatic TEMs were distinguished within portal infiltrates of CHC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest for the first time the relevance of peripheral monocytes phenotypes for the achievement of response to treatment. Hence, the study of monocyte subset regulation might effect improved CHC prognoses and adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Liver Unit, IIS Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
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Kawaguchi T, Kakuma T, Yatsuhashi H, Watanabe H, Saitsu H, Nakao K, Taketomi A, Ohta S, Tabaru A, Takenaka K, Mizuta T, Nagata K, Komorizono Y, Fukuizumi K, Seike M, Matsumoto S, Maeshiro T, Tsubouchi H, Muro T, Inoue O, Akahoshi M, Sata M. Data mining reveals complex interactions of risk factors and clinical feature profiling associated with the staging of non-hepatitis B virus/non-hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:564-71. [PMID: 21501351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Non-hepatitis B virus/non-hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC) is often detected at an advanced stage, and the pathology associated with the staging of NBNC-HCC remains unclear. Data mining is a set of statistical techniques which uncovers interactions and meaningful patterns of factors from a large data collection. The aims of this study were to reveal complex interactions of the risk factors and clinical feature profiling associated with the staging of NBNC-HCC using data mining techniques. METHODS A database was created from 663 patients with NBNC-HCC at 20 institutions. The Milan criteria were used as staging of HCC. Complex associations of variables and clinical feature profiling with the Milan criteria were analyzed by graphical modeling and decision tree algorithm methods, respectively. RESULTS Graphical modeling identified six factors independently associated with the Milan criteria: diagnostic year of HCC; diagnosis of liver cirrhosis; serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT); α-fetoprotein (AFP); and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) levels. The decision trees were created with five variables to classify six groups of patients. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were within the Milan criteria, when patients showed an AFP level of 200 ng/mL or less, diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and an AST level of less than 93 IU/mL. On the other hand, 18% of the patients were within the Milan criteria, when patients showed an AFP level of more than 200 ng/mL and ALT level of 20 IU/mL or more. CONCLUSION Data mining disclosed complex interactions of the risk factors and clinical feature profiling associated with the staging of NBNC-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Digestive Disease Information and Research and Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume.
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