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P SS, Chennuru S, Krovvidi S, Chitichoti J. Status of tick-borne haemoprotozoan infection in south Indian sheep in association with variation in Ovar-DRB1 gene. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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Mpofu TJ, Nephawe KA, Mtileni B. Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: A review. Vet World 2022; 15:2442-2452. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2442-2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly nematode infection, is a major health issue affecting goats worldwide, resulting in clinical diseases and productivity loss. Prevalent gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) affecting goats in South Africa are the Strongyloides papillosus, Eimeria spp., and Strongyles, especially the Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. According to the issues discussed in this paper and by other authors, the prevalence and intensity of various GIPs vary with an animal's location, breed, age, sex, and season. Because GIPs easily develop resistance to chemical treatment, selecting and breeding genetically GIP-resistant animals would be a relatively simple and inexpensive strategy for reducing or eliminating the current reliance on chemotherapy. Potential phenotypic indicators for selecting GIP-resistant goats include parasitological, immunological, and pathological phenotypic markers. Synergistic use of these indicators should be encouraged for a more accurate simplified genotype selection of resistant animals. Genes with Mendelian inheritance, particularly those involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms, have been identified in goats. Exploring this knowledge base to develop cost-effective molecular tools that facilitate enhanced genetic improvement programs is a current challenge. Future statistical and biological models should investigate genetic variations within genomic regions and different candidate genes involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms, as well as the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms known to affect GIP infection levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takalani Judas Mpofu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Khathutshelo Agree Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Bohani Mtileni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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3
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Shrivastava K, Singh AP, Jadav K, Shukla S, Tiwari SP. Caprine haemonchosis: optimism of breeding for disease resistance in developing countries. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2056465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kush Shrivastava
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ajit Pratap Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Kajal Jadav
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Sanjay Shukla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India
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4
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Hassan SU, Chua EG, Paz EA, Kaur P, Tay CY, Greeff JC, Liu S, Martin GB. Investigating the development of diarrhoea through gene expression analysis in sheep genetically resistant to gastrointestinal helminth infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2207. [PMID: 35140270 PMCID: PMC8828848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminths infect livestock causing health problems including severe diarrhoea. To explore the underlying biological mechanisms relating to development and control of diarrhoea, we compared 4 sheep that were susceptible to development of diarrhoea with 4 sheep that were diarrhoea-resistant. Transcriptomes in the tissues where the parasites were located were analyzed using RNASeq. By considering low-diarrhoea sheep as control, we identified 114 genes that were down-regulated and 552 genes that were up-regulated genes in the high-diarrhoea phenotype. Functional analysis of DEGs and PPI sub-network analysis showed that down-regulated genes in the high-diarrhoea phenotype were linked to biological processes and pathways that include suppression of ‘antigen processing and presentation’, ‘immune response’, and a list of biological functional terms related to ‘suppression in immune tolerance’. On the other hand, up-regulated genes in the high-diarrhoea phenotype probably contribute to repair processes associated with tissue damage, including ‘extracellular matrix organization’, ‘collagen fibril organization’, ‘tissue morphogenesis’, ‘circulatory system development’, ‘morphogenesis of an epithelium’, and ‘focal adhesion’. The genes with important roles in the responses to helminth infection could be targeted in breeding programs to prevent diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Ul Hassan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Erwin A Paz
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Johan C Greeff
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, 3 Baron Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Shimin Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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5
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Huang W, Dicks KL, Ballingall KT, Johnston SE, Sparks AM, Watt K, Pilkington JG, Pemberton JM. Associations between MHC class II variation and phenotypic traits in a free-living sheep population. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:902-915. [PMID: 34748666 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-mediated selection (PMS) is thought to maintain the high level of allelic diversity observed in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. A comprehensive way to demonstrate contemporary selection is to examine associations between MHC variation and individual fitness. As individual fitness is hard to measure, many studies examine associations between MHC variation and phenotypic traits, including direct or indirect measures of adaptive immunity thought to contribute to fitness. Here, we tested associations between MHC class II variation and five phenotypic traits measured in free-living sheep captured in August: weight, strongyle faecal egg count, and plasma IgA, IgE and IgG immunoglobulin titres against the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta. We found no association between MHC class II variation and weight or strongyle faecal egg count. We did, however, find associations between MHC class II variation and immunoglobulin levels which varied with isotype, age and sex. Our results suggest associations between MHC and phenotypic traits are more likely to be found for traits more closely associated with pathogen defence than integrative traits such as bodyweight and highlight the association between MHC variation and antibodies in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kara L Dicks
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexandra M Sparks
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kathryn Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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6
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Banerjee S, Pal A, Pal A, Mandal SC, Chatterjee PN, Chatterjee JK. RIG-I Has a Role in Immunity Against Haemonchus contortus, a Gastrointestinal Parasite in Ovis aries: A Novel Report. Front Immunol 2021; 11:534705. [PMID: 33488570 PMCID: PMC7821740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.534705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) is associated to the DExD/H box RNA helicases. It is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), playing a crucial role in the system and is a germ line encoded host sensor to perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). So far, reports are available for the role of RIG-I in antiviral immunity. This is the first report in which we have documented the role of RIG-I in parasitic immunity. Haemonchus contortus is a deadly parasite affecting the sheep industry, which has a tremendous economic importance, and the parasite is reported to be prevalent in the hot and humid agroclimatic region. We characterize the RIG-I gene in sheep (Ovis aries) and identify the important domains or binding sites with Haemonchus contortus through in silico studies. Differential mRNA expression analysis reveals upregulation of the RIG-I gene in the abomasum of infected sheep compared with that of healthy sheep, further confirming the findings. Thus, it is evident that, in infected sheep, expression of RIG-I is triggered for binding to more pathogens (Haemonchus contortus). Genetically similar studies with humans and other livestock species were conducted to reveal that sheep may be efficiently using a model organism for studying the role of RIG-I in antiparasitic immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiddha Banerjee
- Department of Animal Science, Visva Bharati University, Bolpur, India
| | - Aruna Pal
- Department of LFC, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Abantika Pal
- Department of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Mandal
- Department of LFC, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Paresh Nath Chatterjee
- Department of LFC, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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7
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Artificial Haemonchus contortus infection as a strategy to induce protective immune response to natural infection in Pelibuey lambs. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e181. [PMID: 32814595 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction in nematode faecal egg count (FEC) in Pelibuey lambs segregated as resistant (RES), susceptible (SUS) and intermediate (INT) to gastrointestinal nematodes. Twenty-nine weaned Pelibuey lambs, aged five months old, free of nematode infection, were used. Nine lambs were RES, six were SUS and 14 were INT lambs. The study consisted of two phases: in Phase 1 the lambs were infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus. In Phase 2, the lambs were naturally infected by grazing. Faecal and blood samples were taken every week. The packed cell volume and total protein were quantified. The FEC value (FECmax) per lamb was recorded together with a natural reduction in FEC in the two phases. The data were analysed with a model of measures repeated over time. During Phase 1, the RES lambs showed the lowest FEC (1061 ± 1053) compared to the other groups (INT: 2385 ± 1794 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG); and SUS: 3958 ± 3037 EPG). However, in Phase 2 no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the groups of lambs (RES: 275 ± 498 EPG; SUS: 504 ± 1036 EPG; and INT: 603 ± 1061 EPG). At the end of Phase 1, the FEC of RES lambs was naturally reduced by 75.5% in respect to FECmax (p < 0.05), and at the end of Phase 2 the reduction in FEC was 90% in respect to FECmax (p > 0.05); the same behaviour was observed in RES and SUS lambs. It is concluded that the artificial infection in the lambs induced a more rapid immune response in RES than SUS lambs, and all lambs developed high acquired resistance by continuous infection.
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8
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Al Kalaldeh M, Gibson J, Lee SH, Gondro C, van der Werf JHJ. Detection of genomic regions underlying resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in Australian sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:37. [PMID: 31269896 PMCID: PMC6609385 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at identifying genomic regions that underlie genetic variation of worm egg count, as an indicator trait for parasite resistance in a large population of Australian sheep, which was genotyped with the high-density 600 K Ovine single nucleotide polymorphism array. This study included 7539 sheep from different locations across Australia that underwent a field challenge with mixed gastrointestinal parasite species. Faecal samples were collected and worm egg counts for three strongyle species, i.e. Teladorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were determined. Data were analysed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and regional heritability mapping (RHM). RESULTS Both RHM and GWAS detected a region on Ovis aries (OAR) chromosome 2 that was highly significantly associated with parasite resistance at a genome-wise false discovery rate of 5%. RHM revealed additional significant regions on OAR6, 18, and 24. Pathway analysis revealed 13 genes within these significant regions (SH3RF1, HERC2, MAP3K, CYFIP1, PTPN1, BIN1, HERC3, HERC5, HERC6, IBSP, SPP1, ISG20, and DET1), which have various roles in innate and acquired immune response mechanisms, as well as cytokine signalling. Other genes involved in haemostasis regulation and mucosal defence were also detected, which are important for protection of sheep against invading parasites. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant genomic regions on OAR2, 6, 18, and 24 that are associated with parasite resistance in sheep. RHM was more powerful in detecting regions that affect parasite resistance than GWAS. Our results support the hypothesis that parasite resistance is a complex trait and is determined by a large number of genes with small effects, rather than by a few major genes with large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Kalaldeh
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia. .,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - John Gibson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sang Hong Lee
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Cedric Gondro
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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9
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Dicks KL, Pemberton JM, Ballingall KT. Characterisation of major histocompatibility complex class IIa haplotypes in an island sheep population. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:383-393. [PMID: 30796497 PMCID: PMC6525122 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ovine MHC class IIa is known to consist of six to eight loci located in close proximity on chromosome 20, forming haplotypes that are typically inherited without recombination. Here, we characterise the class IIa haplotypes within the Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on St. Kilda to assess the diversity present within this unmanaged island population. We used a stepwise sequence-based genotyping strategy to identify alleles at seven polymorphic MHC class IIa loci in a sample of 118 Soay sheep from four cohorts spanning 15 years of the long-term study on St. Kilda. DRB1, the most polymorphic MHC class II locus, was characterised first in all 118 sheep and identified six alleles. Using DRB1 homozygous animals, the DQA (DQA1, DQA2 and DQA2-like) and DQB (DQB1, DQB2 and DQB2-like) loci were sequenced, revealing eight haplotypes. Both DQ1/DQ2 and DQ2/DQ2-like haplotype configurations were identified and a single haplotype carrying three DQB alleles. A test sample of 94 further individuals typed at the DRB1 and DQA loci found no exceptions to the eight identified haplotypes and a haplotype homozygosity of 21.3%. We found evidence of historic positive selection at DRB1, DQA and DQB. The limited variation at MHC class IIa loci in Soay sheep enabled haplotype characterisation but showed that no single locus could capture the full extent of the expressed variation in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Dicks
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Keith T Ballingall
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 OPZ, UK
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10
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Ali AOA, Murphy L, Stear A, Fairlie-Clarke K, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Groth D, Buitkamp J, Stear MJ. Association of MHC class II haplotypes with reduced faecal nematode egg count and IgA activity in British Texel sheep. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12626. [PMID: 30901091 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nematode infection is one of the principal diseases suffered by sheep and the class II region of the MHC has been repeatedly associated with differences in susceptibility and resistance to infection. The aim of this study was to examine the association of MHC class II haplotypes in a flock of Texel sheep with faecal egg counts and antibody responsiveness. Two haplotypes carried the DRB1*11:01 allele which has previously been associated with reduced egg counts in Scottish Blackface and Suffolk sheep. One of the two haplotypes was associated with reduced egg counts in the Texel breed, and both haplotypes were associated with reduced IgA activity against an extract from fourth-stage larvae. The reduced IgA activity is probably a consequence of reduced numbers of fourth-stage larvae in sheep carrying the resistance allele. The association of specific MHC alleles with reduced egg counts, reduced worm numbers and decreased IgA activity provides a mechanism for the density-dependent regulation of parasite growth and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsagher O A Ali
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Lisa Murphy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Abigail Stear
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen Fairlie-Clarke
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - David Groth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johannes Buitkamp
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Grub, Germany
| | - Michael J Stear
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Agribio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Fairlie-Clarke K, Kaseja K, Sotomaior C, Brady N, Moore K, Stear M. Salivary IgA: A biomarker for resistance to Teladorsagia circumcincta and a new estimated breeding value. Vet Parasitol 2019; 269:16-20. [PMID: 31079822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Teladorsagia circumcincta is the dominant nematode of sheep in cool, temperate climates. Faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) are widely used to identify the intensity of infection and as a measure of host resistance to nematodes. However due to density-dependent effects on worm fecundity the relationship between FEC and worm burden is not linear. In addition collecting FEC data is challenging on a practical level and there is a need for more reliable markers of resistance. There are two major known mechanisms of immunity to T. circumcincta: IgE against third stage larvae (L3) and IgA against fourth stage larvae (L4), which inhibits parasite growth. In this study salivary IgA responses were measured in over 5000 animals against L3 antigen by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antigen-specific IgA levels were negatively correlated with FEC (r=-0.26, SE = 0.02) and were heritable (h2 = 0.16, SE = 0.04) indicating that they can be used to identify resistant animals suitable for inclusion in selective breeding programs. Antigen-specific IgA responses were not negatively correlated with muscle depth. Our analyses indicate that selection for T. circumcincta L3 antigen-specific IgA is possible without impacting on the production traits for the Lleyn breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Fairlie-Clarke
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Karolina Kaseja
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Cristina Sotomaior
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Nicola Brady
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsty Moore
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
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12
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Benavides MV, Sonstegard TS, Van Tassell C. Genomic Regions Associated with Sheep Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:470-480. [PMID: 27183838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic markers for sheep resistance to gastrointestinal parasites have long been sought by the livestock industry as a way to select more resistant individuals and to help farmers reduce parasite transmission by identifying and removing high egg shedders from the flock. Polymorphisms related to the major histocompatibility complex and interferon (IFN)-γ genes have been the most frequently reported markers associated with infection. Recently, a new picture is emerging from genome-wide studies, showing that not only immune mechanisms are important determinants of host resistance but that gastrointestinal mucus production and hemostasis pathways may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curtis Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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13
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McRae KM, Good B, Hanrahan JP, Glynn A, O’Connell MJ, Keane OM. Response to Teladorsagia circumcincta infection in Scottish Blackface lambs with divergent phenotypes for nematode resistance. Vet Parasitol 2014; 206:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Differences between female and castrated male lambs in susceptibility to natural, predominantly Teladorsagia circumcincta infection. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:588-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Riggio V, Pong-Wong R, Sallé G, Usai MG, Casu S, Moreno CR, Matika O, Bishop SC. A joint analysis to identify loci underlying variation in nematode resistance in three European sheep populations. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:426-36. [PMID: 24397290 PMCID: PMC4258091 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infections are one of the main health/economic issues in sheep industries, worldwide. Indicator traits for resistance such as faecal egg count (FEC) are commonly used in genomic studies; however, published results are inconsistent among breeds. Meta (or joint)-analysis is a tool for aggregating information from multiple independent studies. The aim of this study was to identify loci underlying variation in FEC, as an indicator of nematode resistance, in a joint analysis using data from three populations (Scottish Blackface, Sarda × Lacaune and Martinik Black-Belly × Romane), genotyped with the ovine 50k SNP chip. The trait analysed was the average animal effect for Strongyles and Nematodirus FEC data. Analyses were performed with regional heritability mapping (RHM), fitting polygenic effects with either the whole genomic relationship matrix or matrices excluding the chromosome being interrogated. Across-population genomic covariances were set to zero. After quality control, 4123 animals and 38 991 SNPs were available for the analysis. RHM identified genome-wide significant regions on OAR4, 12, 14, 19 and 20, with the latter being the most significant. The OAR20 region is close to the major histocompatibility complex, which has often been proposed as a functional candidate for nematode resistance. This region was significant only in the Sarda × Lacaune population. Several other regions, on OAR1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 19, 20 and 24, were significant at the suggestive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Riggio
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
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Hein WR. Worms and diarrhoea in sheep: A complex interaction. Vet J 2012; 192:255-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Detection of a quantitative trait locus associated with resistance to Ascaris suum infection in pigs. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee CY, Qin J, Munyard KA, Siva Subramaniam N, Wetherall JD, Stear MJ, Groth DM. Conserved haplotype blocks within the sheep MHC and low SNP heterozygosity in the Class IIa subregion. Anim Genet 2011; 43:429-37. [PMID: 22497756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the sheep major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class III regions and provides insights into the internal structure of this important genomic complex. MHC haplotypes were deduced from sheep family trios based on genotypes from 20 novel SNPs representative of the class II region and 10 previously described SNPs spanning the class III region. All 30 SNPs exhibited Hardy-Weinberg proportions in the sheep population studied. Recombination within an extended sire haplotype was observed within the class II region for 4 of 20 sheep chromosomes, thereby supporting the presence of separated IIa and IIb subregions similar to those present in cattle. SNP heterozygosity varied across the class II and III regions. One segment of the class IIa subregion manifested very low heterozygosity for several SNPs spanning approximately 120 Kbp. This feature corresponds to a subregion within the human MHC class II region previously described as a 'SNP desert' because of its paucity of SNPs. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was reduced at the junction separating the putative class IIb and IIa subregions and also between the class IIa and the class III subregions. The latter observation is consistent with either an unmapped physical separation at this location or more likely a boundary characterized by more frequent recombination between two conserved subregions, each manifesting high within-block LD. These results identify internal blocks of loci in the sheep MHC, within which recombination is relatively rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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